» Image
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

» enacademic
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

enacademic.com
Andrew B. King: Speed up your site – Web site optimization

Hans-Jürgen Hoffmann, 2004, 'Andrew B. King: Speed up your site – Web site optimization', i-com, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 46-48

» Военные чины и знаки
28/06/26 16:33 from Social posts

Персональные ранги военнослужащих французской армии делились на генеральские, офицерские и унтер-офицерские.

via forma full 5 https://ift.tt/MmIXs9Q

Manage

Unsubscribe
from these notifications or sign in to manage your
Email service.

IFTTT

Manage on IFTTT:
https://ifttt.com/myrecipes/personal/114580525

» Image
10/09/26 07:20 from Social news digest

» Detected change on https://f-rkn.com/s/formaodezhdaru
29/08/26 02:22 from delta feed

This is a change monitoring for https://f-rkn.com/s/formaodezhdaru delivered by deltaFeed

3 views20:54
2 views00:54
2 views00:54

» Image
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

» Detected change on https://altt.me/s/academic2ru
29/08/26 02:22 from deltafeed full digest

This is a change monitoring for https://altt.me/s/academic2ru delivered by deltaFeed

https://channel2rss.s3.amazonaws.com/-1001294850825_363818_file_2194246.jpg /> 2 views21:01

» academic2
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

academic2.ru
academic2

academic2

academic2.ru
Image

https://channel2rss.s3.amazonaws.com/-1001294850825_392603_file_2707043.jpg

» deacademic
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

deacademic.com
O novo site de O Globo e a guinada de autoridade na relação com os leitores

Larissa De Morais Ribeiro Mendes, 2013, 'O novo site de O Globo e a guinada de autoridade na relação com os leitores', Verso e Reverso, vol. 27, no. 65

» fracademic
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

fracademic.com
ESTUDO ERGONÔMICO DAS ESTRUTURAS DE NAVEGAÇÃO E UNIDADES DE INFORMAÇÃO DOS SITES COM CONTEÚDO MULTIMÍDIA ESTUDO DE CASO DO SITE PROMOCIONAL XBOX 360

EDUARDO ARIEL DE SOUZA TEIXEIRA, 'ESTUDO ERGONÔMICO DAS ESTRUTURAS DE NAVEGAÇÃO E UNIDADES DE INFORMAÇÃO DOS SITES COM CONTEÚDO MULTIMÍDIA ESTUDO DE CASO DO SITE PROMOCIONAL XBOX 360'

» academic2.ru Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic - Alexa
10/09/26 07:58 from full digest 2

What marketing strategies does Academic2 use? Get traffic statistics, SEO keyword opportunities, audience insights, and competitive analytics for Academic2.

» enacademic
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

enacademic.com
Fig. 5. Glandular inclusions at the site of endometrial grafting into the thickness of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall in a rabbit. Zeiss, Apoch. 16. Com.-ocul. 6.

'Fig. 5. Glandular inclusions at the site of endometrial grafting into the thickness of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall in a rabbit. Zeiss, Apoch. 16. Com.-ocul. 6.'

» Image
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

» Detected change on https://zzap.run/s/enacademiccom
29/08/26 02:22 from deltafeed full digest

This is a change monitoring for https://zzap.run/s/enacademiccom delivered by deltaFeed

Translate
[IMG]
enacademic.com

» Detected change on https://zzap.run/s/enacademic
29/08/26 02:22 from delta feed

This is a change monitoring for https://zzap.run/s/enacademic delivered by deltaFeed

Article: Detected change on (Клуб поклонников Фёдора Бондарчука)
https://telegram.me/enacademic/2823310 />
Article: Detected change on
https://telegram.me/enacademic/2823310 (Клуб поклонников Фёдора
Бондарчука)
1 view08:52
Article: Detected change on (Клуб поклонников Фёдора Бондарчука)
https://telegram.me/enacademic/2823310 />
Article: Detected change on
https://telegram.me/enacademic/2823310 (Клуб поклонников Фёдора
Бондарчука)
Telegram
Enacademic

» Что такое берцы
28/06/26 16:33 from Social posts

Берцы - это ботинки с высоким голенищем, которое закрывает берцовую кость (отсюда и название этих полу-ботинок/полу-сапог).

via forma full 5 https://ift.tt/zvSCaqW

Manage

Unsubscribe
from these notifications or sign in to manage your
Email service.

IFTTT

Manage on IFTTT:
https://ifttt.com/myrecipes/personal/114580525

» deacademic
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

deacademic.com
Site-Selective CO2 Reduction over Highly Dispersed Ru-SnOx Sites Derived from a [Ru@Sn9]6 Zintl Cluster

'Site-Selective CO2 Reduction over Highly Dispersed Ru-SnOx Sites Derived from a [Ru@Sn9]6 Zintl Cluster'

» deacademic
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

deacademic.com
Wolfram|Alpha (academic2.ru | hosting location)

Result: Montreal, Quebec, Canada

» Detected change on https://zzap.run/s/academic2ru
29/08/26 02:22 from delta feed

This is a change monitoring for https://zzap.run/s/academic2ru delivered by deltaFeed

1 view05:01

» Detected change on https://feed.informer.com/widgets/CZWG3K6BOL
29/08/26 02:22 from delta feed

This is a change monitoring for https://feed.informer.com/widgets/CZWG3K6BOL delivered by deltaFeed

» Detected change on https://altt.me/s/deacademiccom
29/08/26 02:22 from together

This is a change monitoring for https://altt.me/s/deacademiccom delivered by deltaFeed

» Аксельбант
28/06/26 16:33 from Social posts

via forma full 5 https://ift.tt/T13fU05

Manage

Unsubscribe
from these notifications or sign in to manage your
Email service.

IFTTT

Manage on IFTTT:
https://ifttt.com/myrecipes/personal/114580525

» fracademic
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

fracademic.com
Fig. 5. Glandular inclusions at the site of endometrial grafting into the thickness of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall in a rabbit. Zeiss, Apoch. 16. Com.-ocul. 6.

'Fig. 5. Glandular inclusions at the site of endometrial grafting into the thickness of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall in a rabbit. Zeiss, Apoch. 16. Com.-ocul. 6.'

» Detected change on https://altt.me/s/enacademiccom
29/08/26 02:22 from deltafeed full digest

This is a change monitoring for https://altt.me/s/enacademiccom delivered by deltaFeed

» Image
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

» academic2
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

academic2.ru
academic2

academic2

academic2.ru
Image

https://channel2rss.s3.amazonaws.com/-1001294850825_392679_file_2713352.jpg

» Detected change on https://zzap.run/s/formaodezhdaru
29/08/26 02:22 from deltafeed full digest

This is a change monitoring for https://zzap.run/s/formaodezhdaru delivered by deltaFeed

[IMG]
Forma-odezhda.ru
1 view00:54
[IMG]
Forma-odezhda.ru
Forma-odezhda.ru
Photo
forma video
Видео для товаров Катушки - Форма одежды

Видео для товаров Катушка SHIMANO ULTEGRA ADVANCE C2000HGS, Катушка
SHIMANO AERLEX 7000 XSA, Рыболовная ...
1 view00:54

» Image
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

» Армия Беларуси:
28/06/26 16:33 from Social posts

Нарукавный знак Особого отряда специального назначения 5 отдельной бригады специального назначения Вооруженных сил Республики Беларусь. Нарукавный знак Особого отряда...

via forma full 5 https://ift.tt/bPDxlnd

Manage

Unsubscribe
from these notifications or sign in to manage your
Email service.

IFTTT

Manage on IFTTT:
https://ifttt.com/myrecipes/personal/114580525

» Detected change on https://altt.me/s/esacademiccom
29/08/26 02:22 from delta feed

This is a change monitoring for https://altt.me/s/esacademiccom delivered by deltaFeed

«Медиазона» — главное СМИ России в 2021 году. За то, что она защищает
интересы общества — наши с вами — власти присвоили ей статус «иноагента».
Поддержите независимую журналистику, подпишитесь на пожертвования
29 views20:31
39 views20:31
43 views20:31
39 views20:31
39 views20:31
40 views20:31
45 views20:31
50 views20:31
44 views20:31
57 views20:31
55 views20:31
71 views20:31
77 views20:31
101 views20:31
133 views20:31

» deacademic
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

deacademic.com
APRENDIZAGEM INTERATIVA COM O SITE EDUCACIONAL KHAN ACADEMY INTERMEDIADA PELA PLATAFORMA MOODLE

Ana Carolina Camargo Francisco,Maria Angélica Calixto de Andrade Cardieri,Mônica Oliveira Pinheiro da Silva, 2019, 'APRENDIZAGEM INTERATIVA COM O SITE EDUCACIONAL KHAN ACADEMY INTERMEDIADA PELA PLATAFORMA MOODLE', Universo dos Segmentos envolvidos com a Educação Matemática, pp. 55-60

» Image
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

» Site wiki em sala de aula: uma experiência com hipertextualidade
16/10/25 09:16 from together

Mayra Rodrigues Gomes, 2009, 'Site wiki em sala de aula: uma experiência com hipertextualidade', Comunicação & Educação, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 109

» Image
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

» academic2
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

academic2.ru
Image

https://channel2rss.s3.amazonaws.com/-1001294850825_392660_file_2712704.jpg

» Detected change on https://feed.informer.com/widgets/4LHKGSTD3D
29/08/26 02:22 from together

This is a change monitoring for https://feed.informer.com/widgets/4LHKGSTD3D delivered by deltaFeed

» Enacademic
30/09/21 03:00 from micro
» Enacademic
30/09/21 03:01 from together
» @academic2ru posted a photo (https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) Posted: 29
Sep 2021 06:00 PM PDT
30/09/21 03:34 from telegram
@academic2ru posted a photo (https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> Posted: 29 Sep 2021 06:00 PM PDT
» formaodezhdaru)のツイートやお気に入り、アイコン履歴のページです。過去ログを検索したり、日付ごとにまとめることができます。
»...
30/09/21 03:34 from News digest
» العربية: الصورة
28/09/21 02:05 from Canal digest
العربية: الصورة https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> Telegramacademic2.ru
» https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> 27/09/21 23:18 from Telegram deltafeed 4
Русский: Изображение
/channel/academic2ru/363629
» https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> 27/09/21 23:18 from Telegram deltafeed 4
العربية: RSS مدعوم من BitMachine.org https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> هل يمكن أن يكون الإصدار برو من Channel2RSS
(https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> فقط 20 USD / 18 EUR سنويا.
تحديثات أسرع بدون إعلانات. اسألنا!
(https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> » https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> 27/09/21 23:18 from Telegram deltafeed 4
RSS powered by BitMachine.org https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> You can have the Pro version of Channel2RSS
(https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> for only 20 USD / 18 EUR
per year. Faster updates without ads. Ask us!
(https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> » https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> 28/09/21 01:46 from Telegram deltafeed 4
العربية: المادة: المشاركات من معا ل 03/14/2020 (Analogindex.com)
» https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> 27/09/21 23:18 from Telegram deltafeed 4
Русский: Изображение
/channel/academic2ru/363634
28/09/21 01:28 from Canal digest
» Media
28/09/21 02:05 from Canal digest
Image https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> Telegramacademic2.ru
28/09/21 02:02 from Canal digest
Image https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> » https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> 28/09/21 01:46 from Telegram deltafeed 4
English: Article: /channel/enacademicgroup/6608952 (Uniform.ru)
-- Delivered by Feed43 service
» https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> 27/09/21 23:18 from Telegram deltafeed 4
RSS powered by BitMachine.org https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> You can have the Pro version of Channel2RSS
(https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> for only 20 USD / 18 EUR
per year. Faster updates without ads. Ask us!
(https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> -- Delivered by Feed43 service
» academic2
28/09/21 02:04 from Canal digest
academic2 https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> Image (https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> » https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> 27/09/21 23:31 from Telegram deltafeed 4
https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> У вас может быть профессиональная версия Channel2RSS
(https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> ) всего за 20 долларов США /
(https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> )
-- Delivered by Feed43 service
» https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> 27/09/21 23:18 from Telegram deltafeed 4
» https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> 28/09/21 01:46 from Telegram deltafeed 4
العربية: المادة: /channel/enacademicgroup/6608952 (Uniform.ru)
» https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> 27/09/21 23:18 from Telegram deltafeed 4
العربية: الصورة
/channel/academic2ru/363629
» https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> 28/09/21 01:46 from Telegram deltafeed 4
Article: «советское искусствознание» ² (ФормаОдежда.ру)
-- Delivered by Feed43 service
» Русский: Русский
28/09/21 01:27 from Canal digest
Русский: Русский https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> Русский: РСС работает на BitMachine.org
(https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> Внешняя ссылка: https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> t.me
VKФормаОдежда.руРусский: RSS работает на BitMachine.org
» https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> 28/09/21 01:46 from Telegram deltafeed 4
العربية: المادة:" دراسات الفن السوفياتي " 2 (Uniform.ru)
» https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> 27/09/21 23:31 from Telegram deltafeed 4
Русский: Изображение
/channel/academic2ru/363634
» https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> /> 27/09/21 23:31 from Telegram deltafeed 4
КАДЕМИ
диаграмма, столбчатая диаграмма
» https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> [IMG]
Enacademic
» formaodezhdaru)のツイートやお気に入り、アイコン履歴のページです。過去ログを検索したり、日付ごとにまとめることができます。
via...
30/09/21 03:34 from News digest
formaodezhdaru)のツイートやお気に入り、アイコン履歴のページです。過去ログを検索したり、日付ごとにまとめることができます。
via full digest https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> ============================
" ² - (added at September 28, 2021 at 08:35AM)
https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> Запомнить сайт. Все языки Абхазский Адыгейский Азербайджанский Аймара
Айнский язык Акан Албанский Алтайский Английский Арабский Арагонский
Армянский Арумынский Астурийский...
via
Image (https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> Posted: 09 Aug 2021 02:59 AM PDT
» Yandex.Translate in Enacademic
30/09/21 03:00 from micro
» Омские врачи назвали лечебную дозу алкоголя
30/09/21 03:01 from together
30/09/21 03:00 from together
30/09/21 03:00 from together
» https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) External link: Detected change on...
30/09/21 03:01 from full digest 2
https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> External link: Detected change on
https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> tgchannels-org.aurebeshtranslator.net
» RSS powered by BitMachine.org
30/09/21 03:22 from academic2.ru
You can have the Pro version of Channel2RSS for only 20 USD / 18 EUR per
year. Faster updates without ads. Ask us!
You can have the Pro version of Channel2RSS for only 20 USD / 18 EUR per
year. Faster updates without ads. Ask us!
» forma video
30/09/21 02:52 from News digest
forma video
External link: forma video t.me
Article: forma video (!ЗАЙДИТЕ И ПРОЧИТАЙТЕ! (Брозадобро приглашает!))
»
30/09/21 02:51 from News digest
Что что? useless_faq.d3.ru
» formaodezhdaru) のツイート - ツイセーブForma-Odezhda.ru(
30/09/21 03:34 from telegram
formaodezhdaru)
のツイート -
ツイセーブForma-Odezhda.ru(
» together: “Русский: Обнаружено изменение на httpsuz.” plus 49 more
30/09/21 02:59 from feedspot
together: “Русский: Обнаружено изменение на httpsuz.” plus 49 Link to
more together
* Русский: Обнаружено изменение на httpsuz.
* Enacademic
* Detected change on https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> * Enacademic
* Don't have Telegram yet? Try it now!
* As Pandemic Upends Corporate Learning, Oji Life Lab Introduces
Science-Based Program To Improve Decision Making In A Dispersed
Workforce
* World's First FARO-Certified Forensic Science Lab Opens At George
Mason University To Advance Hands-on Student Training And Research
* Detected change on https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> * Yandex.Translate in Enacademic
* * Detected change on https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> * العربية: المادة: Enacademic (ФормаОдежда
* العربية: المادة: Enacademic (ФормаОдежда
* Русский: Статья: Enacademic (ФормаОдежда
* untitled
* Do You Qualify for Any of October’s Class-Action Settlements?
* العربية: المادة: المادة: الروسية: formaodezharu) تويت ، المفضلة,
* Detected change on https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> * untitled
* Article: Detected change on (=)"> (Клуб
* Толкования
* Daily Digest: If New feed item from
https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) then Add
* MeridianLink's TazWorks™ Announces Immediate Availability Of
Recurring Background Checks
* Detected change on https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> * Русский
* Голубь Индомана
* Enacademic
* Detected change on https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> * Detected change on https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> * Enacademic
* Yandex.Translate in Enacademic
* Enacademic
* Article: Enacademic (ФормаОдежда
* academic_post in academic2group
* Don't have Telegram yet? Try it now!
* Yandex.Translate in Enacademic
* Enacademic
* 10 домашних дел, которым должен научиться каждый взрослый человек
* Article
* Detected change on https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> * сценарий для Симпсонов
* Detected change on https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> * Выхухоль Хохуля — символ экологии Калужской области
* DIRTY SLUTSK
* Enacademic
* Русский: Статья: Enacademic (ФормаОдежда
* * Русский: *Дон*
* Detected change on https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) /> * Detected change on https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) />
Русский: Обнаружено изменение на httpsuz.

Posted: 29 Sep 2021 08:54 AM PDT

Русский: Обнаружено изменение на httpsuz.tgstat.comchannel@formaodezhdaru

Телеграмма-канал статистики "кориш"Forma-odezhda.ru " - @formaodezhdaru. Аналитика Telegram сайтида
обуначилар, о'сиш, бир кун давом
Enacademic

Posted: 29 Sep 2021 08:32 AM PDT
Detected change on https://t.me/academic2ru/363845)

Posted: 29 Sep 2021 08:30 AM PDT

This is a change monitoring for https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) delivered by
deltaFeed *無料で使えるSEOツール*

ページの発リンクをチェックします。SEOチェキ!は、サイト調査・検索順位チェックなど、SEOに役立つさまざまなツールを無料でご提供いたしております。あなた自身のサイトや気になるあのサイトをチェック！
[Read
more...](https://t.me/academic2ru/363845)
/> clck-ru.aurebeshtranslator.net
発リンク - SEOチェキ!
ページの発リンクをチェックします。SEOチェキ!は、サイト調査・検索順位チェックなど、SEOに役立つさまざまなツールを無料でご提供いたしております。あなた自身のサイトや気になるあのサイトをチェック！
1 view13:55
無料で使えるSEOツール

ページの発リンクをチェックします。SEOチェキ!は、サイト調査・検索順位チェックなど、SEOに役立つさまざまなツールを無料でご提供いたしております。あなた自身のサイトや気になるあのサイトをチェック！
Read more...
clck-ru.aurebeshtranslator.net
発リンク - SEOチェキ!
ページの発リンクをチェックします。SEOチェキ!は、サイト調査・検索順位チェックなど、SEOに役立つさまざまなツールを無料でご提供いたしております。あなた自身のサイトや気になるあのサイトをチェック！
1 view13:55
https://t.me/academic2ru/363845)
/>
External link: Posts from together for 03/14/2020
us19.campaign-archive.com
1 view14:08
Article: Posts from together for 03/14/2020 (Analogindex.com)
1 view14:08
Article: Posts from together for 03/14/2020 (Analogindex.com)
1 view14:08
untitled
https://t.me/academic2ru/363845)
/> untitled
External link: untitled t.me
1 view14:09
Article: untitled (Analogindex.com)
1 view14:09
Article: untitled (Analogindex.com)
1 view14:09
Don
https://t.me/academic2ru/363845)
/> Don't have Telegram yet? Try it now!
External link: Article: «широкоугольное» наружное зеркало заднего вида...
t.me
1 view14:10
1 view14:10
[IMG]
Enacademic
Enacademic

Posted: 29 Sep 2021 08:32 AM PDT
Don't have Telegram yet? Try it now!

Posted: 29 Sep 2021 08:32 AM PDT
As Pandemic Upends Corporate Learning, Oji Life Lab Introduces Science-Based Program To Improve
Decision Making In A Dispersed Workforce

Posted: 29 Sep 2021 08:32 AM PDT
World's First FARO-Certified Forensic Science Lab Opens At George Mason University To Advance
Hands-on Student Training And Research

Posted: 29 Sep 2021 08:32 AM PDT
Detected change on https://t.me/academic2ru/363845)

Posted: 29 Sep 2021 08:26 AM PDT

This is a change monitoring for https://t.me/academic2ru/363845) delivered by deltaFeedfracademic.com France
Huguenot Family Lineage Searches - WordPress.com May 23,
2018 · France...

2021-09-29T14:56:16+00:00

» Detected change on https://zzap.run/s/enacademic
29/08/26 02:22 from deltafeed full digest

This is a change monitoring for https://zzap.run/s/enacademic delivered by deltaFeed

» Курсантские погоны
28/06/26 16:33 from Social posts

Курсантские погоны значительно отличаются от тех, которые носят офицеры, как внешне, так и по значению. Курсант - это должность...

via forma full 5 https://ift.tt/1AI83Zc

Manage

Unsubscribe
from these notifications or sign in to manage your
Email service.

IFTTT

Manage on IFTTT:
https://ifttt.com/myrecipes/personal/114580525

» academic2
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

academic2.ru
academic2

academic2

academic2.ru
Image

https://channel2rss.s3.amazonaws.com/-1001294850825_392598_file_2711860.jpg

» Lentis/The Text Effect
10/09/26 07:58 from full digest 2

Technologies such as text messaging increase convenience and efficiency, but carry with them unintended risks.

History[edit | edit source]

In 1984 Global System for Mobile Communications invented the text message ^[1] On December 3, 1992, Neil Papworth sent the first text message from his computer to Richard Jarvis’ phone and it said, “Merry Christmas.” ^[2] Just eight years later, the texting craze began in the United States. The average text messages sent per month rose from 0.4 messages per month in 1995 to 35 messages per month in 2000.^[3] Text messaging has been escalating since 2000 with new and better technology coming out all the time.

Texting Demographics[edit | edit source]

Although texting affects all age ranges in the United States, the largest group texting is 13 to 17 years of age, or teenagers. ^[4] The average American teen sent 3,339 text messages per month in 2010, as compared to 191 phone calls per month. Teen females drive up that average, at 4,050 texts per month. There has been a 611% increase in the number of text messages sent per month in three years. While safety was the main reported reason teens got cell phones in 2008, today, the ability to text outranks both safety and the ability to contact friends or family by phone.^[5]

The next age demographic (18-24 years) sends less than half the texts of teenagers, at 1,630 per month. In all groups under age 55, voice usage of cell phones is declining while text messaging is increasing. ^[6]

Because of this sudden increase in texting especially among teenagers, there is great concern. Although text messaging provides benefits such as convenience and efficiency in communication, there may be risks that are not being taken into account by users such as learning, health, and privacy affects.

The changing use of English in text messaging may affect language development.

Textese[edit | edit source]

Texting has spurred the development of its own language, referred to as “textese” or “txtspk.” In the interest of convenience, text users shorten or substitute words for brevity, and to maximize content in 160 characters. The online texting dictionary NetLingo includes 2,039 different texting acronyms and shorthand.^[7] Usage is prevalent enough that the 2011 Oxford English dictionary included LOL, OMG, FYI, IMHO, BFF, and ♥. ^[8] The main three categories of textese are:

homophones: replacing parts of words with letters or numbers that sound the same

gr8 'great,' RU 'are you'

initials: replacing a phrase with a group of letters

ROFL 'rolling on the floor laughing'

omissions: dropping "non-essential" letters when spelling words

wud 'would'

Language Development[edit | edit source]

While teens send the most text messages, the younger half of this group is shown to be the most accepting of textese. This invites concern as the adolescent age group is also still learning grammar in the middle school setting. ^[9] Studies by Wake Forest and Penn State show a negative correlation between the increased use of textese and scores on standardized grammar tests, controlling for age and grade. The effect was more exaggerated in younger students than the college age demographic.^[10]. The same effect has been shown in studies in Finland,^[11] Sweden,^[12] and Great Britain.^[13] Poor grammar scores in the Wake Forest study were predicted by total textese in texts both sent and received. This suggests that parents can negatively impact their children's language development in their own use of textese.

Texting also has an impact on vocabulary. A University of Calgary study found that those who text more are less accepting of the use of new words, as opposed to those who primary read print media. Students are exposed to greater variety of language in traditional print media than peer-to-peer texting. ^[14]

In contrast, other studies have shown a positive effect on reading comprehension and varied sentence structure with number of text messages sent per month. Only 47% of teachers in a University of Alabama study reported seeing textese appear in their students' writing in school. ^[15] Similiary, texting has been shown to have no effect on capitalization and punctuation in formal writing, including the multiple punctuation common in texting (e.g., what??!!!).^[16]

As text messaging is a rather new technology, more studies are needed to show conclusive effects of texting on language development.

Texting is an integral part of everyday life, but it has health risks not always considered including insomnia, anxiety, depression, and carpal tunnel.

Insomnia[edit | edit source]

Untreated Carpal Tunnel

Insomnia is a risk of text messaging. A study done in November 2010 found the adolescents aged 8 to 22 years are being woken up at least once per night because of a text message or phone call, and they are sending or receiving an average of 33.5 text messages per night.^[17] Another study found that college students are losing an average of 45 minutes per week of precious sleep due to cellphone usage in the middle of the night. ^[18] The both lack of sleep and the interruption of necessary REM sleep cycles can lead to drowsiness, lack of productivity, and even physical effects such as lowered blood sugar, memory impairment, and weakened immune system. ^[19]

Anxiety and Depression[edit | edit source]

Another health risk is emotional encompassing both anxiety and depression caused by cell phone usage. A study done in South Korea found there to be a direct correlation between cell phone usage and how a person is feeling. The more a person uses their cell phone, the more depressed that person feels and the lower self-esteem that person possesses. ^[20]Sherry Turkle, a psychoanalyst in human-interaction focusing on technology usage, said, “Being alone feels like a problem that needs to be solved…constant connection is changing the way people think about themselves.” In a recent TED talk she discusses how the constant need to be connected is actually causing more loneliness and depression among people. She said that without the ability to disconnect and have true alone time, that this loneliness and depression will only continue and become worse. ^[21]

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome[edit | edit source]

The most frightening health risk is the rise of carpal tunnel syndrome. Carpal tunnel is caused by small repetitive movements much like texting.^[22] The former president of the American Society of Hand Therapist (ASHT) Donna Breger Stanton has said, “Handheld electronics may require prolonged grips, repetitive motion on small buttons and awkward wrist movements. This combination can lead to an increased susceptibility to hand, wrist and arm ailments such as carpal tunnel syndrome and tendonitis.”^[23]Virgin Mobile released a statement in February of 2006 warning users of the risks of repetitive texting causing carpal tunnel or other hand or wrist pains. The website, www.practisesafetext.com, was even released by Virgin Mobile to raise awareness. ^[24]

Texting while driving

Secondary Health Effects[edit | edit source]

There are also secondary health effects including injuring oneself due to walking while texting and driving while texting. ^[25]

Unfortunately, because of the recent increase in texting, there is little conclusive research done so far regarding the health effects.

A study^[26] showed that about 80% of its participants considered their mobile devices private, some even comparing the reading of another persons text messages as equivalent to going through someone's mail. Text messages are generally perceived as private and this perception often exposes people to various privacy risks.

Phone Spy Applications[edit | edit source]

The evolution of technology has led to an increase in creation of applications and websites that can perform formerly impossible tasks. Recently, there has been an increasing availability of phone spy applications. These are applications that allow you to spy on your significant other's/child's/employee's location, emails, text messages and much more. The methods of spying vary. Applications such as mobile spy require you to create an online account, which when you log in has a full record of calls (incoming,outgoing and duration) and text messages (sent and received) of the person you are spying on. Other apps such as ephonetracker and sms secret replicator^[27] send the data to your email address or phone. However,one thing is common, all these apps can be secretly downloaded onto the phone you wish to track without the owner's knowledge.

Although most applications have disclaimers such as, "It is a federal and state offense in most countries to install monitoring/surveillance software onto a phone which you do not own or have proper authorization to install. It may also be an offense in your jurisdiction to monitor the activities of other individuals...You must always notify a person they are being monitored if they are over age 18"^[28], there is no way to ensure these rules are followed.

Cell Phone Carriers[edit | edit source]

» Detected change on https://f-rkn.com/s/enacademic
29/08/26 02:22 from micro

This is a change monitoring for https://f-rkn.com/s/enacademic delivered by deltaFeed

» Detected change on https://www.hottg.com/academic2ru/webview
29/08/26 02:22 from together

This is a change monitoring for https://www.hottg.com/academic2ru/webview delivered by deltaFeed

academic2.ru

» deacademic
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

deacademic.com
Engineering Energy Level of Metal Center: Ru Single-Atom Site for Efficient and Durable Oxygen Reduction Catalysis

'Engineering Energy Level of Metal Center: Ru Single-Atom Site for Efficient and Durable Oxygen Reduction Catalysis'

» Image
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

» academic2
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

academic2.ru
Image

https://channel2rss.s3.amazonaws.com/-1001294850825_392680_file_2712704.jpg

» Image
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

» fracademic
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

fracademic.com
O novo site de O Globo e a guinada de autoridade na relação com os leitores

Larissa De Morais Ribeiro Mendes, 2013, 'O novo site de O Globo e a guinada de autoridade na relação com os leitores', Verso e Reverso, vol. 27, no. 65

» academic2
10/09/26 07:58 from Social news digest

academic2.ru
Image

https://channel2rss.s3.amazonaws.com/-1001294850825_392691_file_2712704.jpg

» O novo site de O Globo e a guinada de autoridade na relação com os leitores
16/10/25 09:16 from together

Larissa De Morais Ribeiro Mendes, 2013, 'O novo site de O Globo e a guinada de autoridade na relação com os leitores', Verso e Reverso, vol. 27, no. 65