U.S. National Security and Military News Review http://feed.informer.com/digests/YQWYIQS6AN/feeder U.S. National Security and Military News Review Respective post owners and feed distributors Fri, 27 Dec 2013 05:08:25 -0500 Feed Informer http://feed.informer.com/ This Retired General Settled the 9/11 Case. Then the Defense Secretary Took Charge. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/04/us/politics/susan-escallier-sept-11-plea-deal.html NYT > United States Defense and Military Forces urn:uuid:d2b10737-6c5d-b37e-15bd-8b29a928e040 Mon, 04 Nov 2024 12:18:44 -0500 Susan Escallier’s approval of a plea deal, one of the most important decisions in the history of Guantánamo Bay’s war court, has drawn attention to her role and the dysfunctional military commissions. United States Defense and Military Forces September 11 (2001) Decisions and Verdicts Terrorism Al Qaeda Austin, Lloyd J III Escallier, Susan K Mohammed, Khalid Shaikh Guantanamo Bay Naval Base (Cuba) Defense Department United States Politics and Government September 11 Victim Compensation Fund Capital Punishment Carol Rosenberg Top 10 Election Litigation Cases in 2024 Implicating the Rule of Law https://www.justsecurity.org/104564/election-top-10-nov-4/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=election-top-10-nov-4 Just Security urn:uuid:7605655b-84b2-6211-6352-90156a7cfc99 Mon, 04 Nov 2024 12:05:55 -0500 <p>In this top ten list updated weekly, the most important of hundreds of election-law cases are ranked for their rule of law implications.</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104564/election-top-10-nov-4/">Top 10 Election Litigation Cases in 2024 Implicating the Rule of Law</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <div> <p>Most of the major election cases we have been tracking in this weekly digest have now been resolved—although a few remain open and new ones (perhaps many) can be expected on and after Nov. 5.</p> <p>On Oct. 23, Pennsylvania’s highest court came down in favor of the right to cast a provisional ballot if a voter’s mail-in ballot contains errors, in a ruling the U.S. Supreme Court on Friday declined to disturb. The Supreme Court also last week allowed Virginia to proceed with its purge of about 1,600 registered voters, a number that is likely too small to shift statewide results. Though the Fifth Circuit in Oct. invalidated Mississippi’s deadline for accepting mail-in ballots that arrived after Election Day, the ruling will not apply in this cycle. In Oct., Georgia courts also rejected the Georgia State Board of Elections’ attempts to institute a battery of 11th hour rule changes.</p> <p>Though dozens of other lawsuits remain pending, none appear primed to meaningfully affect how election officials across the country count or process their votes. We await a possible tsunami of Election Day and post-Election Day litigation to see whether or how that may change.</p> <p>The pre-election news cycle provides clues for what may lie ahead. Many of the cases so far filed have had clear echoes of the 2020 presidential election, seeking to raise unfounded fears of voter fraud or false claims of ineligible immigrant voting or to encourage baseless non-certification of eventual election results. Other cases sought to address legitimate concerns of voter disenfranchisement, of needed voting administration fixes, or of steps that may need to be taken to advance safe, free, and fair voting, counting, and certification of the votes.</p> <p>In this top ten list, we capture the vital developments of the past week. We identify the most important of the hundreds of cases that were resolved or that remain open for their rule of law implications, which also conveys an overall sense of the election litigation landscape. The criteria that we use to derive this list are as follows:</p> <ol> <li>Seriousness of implications for the democratic process;</li> <li>Potential to distort democratic process or subvert democratic outcomes in a state or nationally; and</li> <li>New and notable development or unresolved and serious legal question with implications for the democratic process.</li> </ol> <p>For questions, comments, or suggestions, please contact <a href="mailto:lte@justsecurity.org">lte@justsecurity.org</a>.</p> <p><em>(List updated as of Nov. 4, 2024 at 12 p.m. ET.)</em></p> </div> <h2 style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.2; color: #04151f; font-weight: bold;">2024 Election Litigation Top 10</span></h2> <p>&nbsp;</p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ADADAD; font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif; width: 100%;"> <thead><!-- Header Row --></p> <tr> <th style="background-color: #2c7f96; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; padding: 2px; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"><strong>Rank</strong></th> <th style="background-color: #2c7f96; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; padding: 2px; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"><strong>Change in Position</strong></th> <th style="background-color: #2c7f96; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; padding: 2px; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"><strong>Weeks on Chart</strong></th> <th style="background-color: #2c7f96; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; padding: 2px; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"><strong>Case Title</strong></th> <th style="background-color: #2c7f96; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; padding: 2px; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"><strong>Jurisdiction</strong></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody><!-- Row 1 --></p> <tr> <td style="background-color: #04151f; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 500; text-align: center; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">1</td> <td style="color: #494e51; font-weight: 600; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">Same</td> <td style="color: #494e51; font-weight: 600; text-align: center; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">6</td> <td style="padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em><a href="https://ujsportal.pacourts.us/Report/PacDocketSheet?docketNumber=28%20WAP%202024&amp;dnh=05HripGyrSgshl%2BO7DcdqA%3D%3D"><i>Pennsylvania Mail-In Ballot Challenges</i></a></em></p> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 2px;">With Election Day approaching, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to disturb a favorable ruling for voters in a Pennsylvania case, <em><a href="https://ujsportal.pacourts.us/Report/PacDocketSheet?docketNumber=26%20WAP%202024&amp;dnh=0wtaY1%2FGLJCHp90ZLiFW0Q%3D%3D">Genser v. Butler County Board of Elections</a></em>. Republicans failed to persuade SCOTUS to <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/25255975-genser-2024-10-28-scotus-emergency-application-for-stay-pending-disposition-of-a-petition-for-a-writ-of-certiorari">stay</a> the Pennsylvania Supreme Court’s <a href="https://www.pacourts.us/Storage/media/pdfs/20241023/213440-oct.23,2024-majorityopinion.pdf">order</a>, which allowed voters whose mail-in ballots have certain deficiencies to cast a provisional ballot. Meanwhile, in <a href="https://ujsportal.pacourts.us/Report/PacDocketSheet?docketNumber=1309%20CD%202024&amp;dnh=oxP9sUYz1e4ROuWot9uvsQ%3D%3D"><em>Baxter v. Philadelphia Board of Elections</em></a>, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/25267853-order-granting-emergency-application-for-extraordinary-relief-76-77-em-2024">granted</a> Republicans’ request to stay a lower court ruling, which therefore will not <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/25267853-order-granting-emergency-application-for-extraordinary-relief-76-77-em-2024">allow</a> for the counting of un- and mis-dated absentee and mail-in ballots in the upcoming election. In <em><a href="https://ujsportal.pacourts.us/Report/PacDocketSheet?docketNumber=28%20WAP%202024&amp;dnh=05HripGyrSgshl%2BO7DcdqA%3D%3D">Center for Coalfield Justice v. Washington County Board of Elections</a></em>, a challenge to the board’s refusal to notify voters if their mail-in ballots were rejected remains pending at the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.</p> </td> <td style="padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0;">Supreme Court of Pennsylvania</p> </td> </tr> <p><!-- Row 2 --></p> <tr> <td style="background-color: #04151f; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 500; text-align: center; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">2</td> <td style="color: #494e51; font-weight: 600; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">Same</td> <td style="color: #494e51; font-weight: 600; text-align: center; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">5</td> <td style="padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em><a href="https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69234255/virginia-coalition-for-immigrant-rights-v-beals/"><i>Voter Purge Challenges</i></a></em></p> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 2px;">Just six days before Election Day, the U.S. Supreme Court <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/orders/courtorders/103024zr_f2ah.pdf">allowed</a> Virginia to resume a purge of an estimated 1,600 registered voters. A lower court had blocked Virginia’s purge in response to a lawsuit filed by civil society groups and the Department of Justice (DOJ), <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/24/24A407/330363/20241027231442005_Stay%20Appendix_FINAL.pdf">finding</a> that it violated the National Voter Registration Act’s so-called “quiet period” within 90 days of an election. In Alabama, civil society groups and the DOJ brought similar suits that were later consolidated. U.S. District Judge Anna Manasco, a Trump appointee, issued a preliminary injunction blocking the state’s voter purge on Oct. 16.</p> </td> <td style="padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia, Alexandria Division</td> </tr> <p><!-- Row 3 --></p> <tr> <td style="background-color: #04151f; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 500; text-align: center; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">3</td> <td style="color: #494e51; font-weight: 600; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">New</td> <td style="color: #494e51; font-weight: 600; text-align: center; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">1</td> <td style="padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em><a href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/trump-campaign-sues-pennsylvania-county-extend-mail-ballot-115313022"><i>Pennsylvania Major Party Mail-In Ballot Access Cases </i></a></em></p> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 2px;">In Pennsylvania, both Republicans and Democrats filed lawsuits claiming that voters have not received the mail-in ballots they requested. On Nov. 1, following a <a href="https://www.pacourts.us/Storage/media/pdfs/20241030/214241-oct.30,2024-petitionfprspecialandpreliminaryinjunctionandorder.pdf">petition</a> by the Pennsylvania Democratic Party, a judge <a href="https://www.pacourts.us/Storage/media/pdfs/20241101/210022-nov.1,2024-order.pdf">ordered</a> Erie County to take measures to ensure that up to about 18,200 voters who never received their mail-in ballots are able to vote. In Bucks County, the Trump campaign and Republicans <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/25260271-trump-v-bucks-complaint-2024-06880">alleged</a> that voters were unable to request and receive an on-demand mail-in ballot, with the plaintiffs submitting declarations from only three voters supporting that claim. On Oct. 30, a judge <a href="https://www.pacourts.us/Storage/media/pdfs/20241031/153832-oct.30,2024-supplementalclarificationorder.pdf">permitted</a> voters to request and return a mail-in ballot at the Bucks County elections office or its satellite offices through Nov. 1.</p> </td> <td style="padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0;">Court of Common Pleas of Erie County, Pennsylvania</p> </td> </tr> <p><!-- Row 4 --></p> <tr> <td style="background-color: #04151f; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 500; text-align: center; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">4</td> <td style="color: #494e51; font-weight: 600; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">New</td> <td style="color: #494e51; font-weight: 600; text-align: center; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">1</td> <td style="padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em><i></i><i><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/03/us/politics/georgia-mail-ballot-lawsuit.html">Georgia Ballot Return Challenges</a></i></em></p> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 2px;">Less than four days from Election Day, both parties have filed lawsuits related to how absentee ballots are returned— with Georgia Republicans focusing on the hand-return of ballots and Democrats and civil rights groups on return deadlines. Republicans filed a <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/03/us/politics/georgia-mail-ballot-lawsuit.html">state</a> case Friday night arguing against hand returns of ballots past Nov. 1, which the state court <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/03/us/politics/georgia-mail-ballot-lawsuit.html">rejected</a> on Saturday. After they lost, the RNC filed a similar <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/25266909-rnc-ballot-return-suit">lawsuit</a> in federal court on Sunday. Meanwhile, <a href="https://www.aclu.org/cases/ayota-v-fall?document=Complaint">civil rights groups</a> and <a href="https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-11-01-Petition.pdf">Democrats</a> have both filed lawsuits in Cobb County’s Superior Court seeking to extend return deadlines for more than 3,000 absentee ballots that were not timely sent. In the former, a judge <a href="https://assets.aclu.org/live/uploads/2024/11/Cobb_Superior_24GC08111_Order-1.pdf">ordered</a> Cobb County to send ballots to affected voters no later than Nov. 1 and to accept any received before 5 p.m. ET on Nov. 8. The ruling has been appealed.</p> </td> <td style="padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0;">Superior Court of Fulton County, State of Georgia</p> </td> </tr> <p><!-- Row 5 --></p> <tr> <td style="background-color: #04151f; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 500; text-align: center; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">5</td> <td style="color: #494e51; font-weight: 600; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"><span style="color: red;"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/15.0.3/72x72/2b07.png" alt="⬇" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></span> -2</td> <td style="color: #494e51; font-weight: 600; text-align: center; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">5</td> <td style="padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em><a href="https://www.npr.org/2024/10/21/nx-s1-5159996/uocava-overseas-voters-military-lawsuit-republican"><i>Overseas Voter Eligibility Challenges</i></a></em></p> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 2px;">In <a href="https://www.courts.michigan.gov/4aa11f/siteassets/case-documents/opinions-orders/coc-opinions-(manually-curated)/2024/24-000165-mz.pdf">Michigan</a>, <a href="https://portal-nc.tylertech.cloud/Portal/DocumentViewer/Index/F47270FA213D3E953D2D49DDF72BA06862350D8DC2BDA6778D0E6447495DDEA7045D9DF44F6C4DAA1C0FF48C0394755143C265BEBB00F0A1D2B96BFA13E18F3D1F7CEEC386E4BEC1EE1188BB44B80160F2FE24C1892D246D0CA137F560E0D64C?caseNum=24CV031557-910&amp;docType=Order&amp;docName=Order%20Denying%20Plaintiff%27s%20Motion%20for%20TRO&amp;eventName=Order&amp;docTypeId=11&amp;isVersionId=False">North Carolina</a>, and <a href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.pamd.143897/gov.uscourts.pamd.143897.98.0.pdf">Pennsylvania</a>, Republicans have lost challenges to rules allowing overseas and military voting under the federal Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA). The North Carolina Court of Appeals on Oct. 29 <a href="https://appellate.nccourts.org/dockets.php?court=2&amp;docket=2-P2024-0735-001&amp;pdf=1&amp;a=0&amp;dev=1">unanimously denied</a> a request to stay the lower court’s decision, and on Nov. 1, Republicans <a href="https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2024-11-01-petition.pdf">asked</a> the North Carolina Supreme Court to pause that ruling pending review. Meanwhile, the Michigan Court of Appeals <a href="https://www.courts.michigan.gov/4aa624/siteassets/case-documents/uploads/coa/public/orders/2024/372995_14_05.pdf">denied</a> the Republicans’ request to expedite their appeal. These attacks on absentee voting under UOCAVA have stoked controversy among <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/10/14/republican-lawsuit-military-ballots-backlash/">military service members</a> and others. Separately, thousands of voters have been <a href="https://www.aclupa.org/en/press-releases/pro-voter-coalition-responds-illegal-unfair-challenges-overseas-voters-pennsylvania">individually challenged</a> in Pennsylvania on similar grounds.</p> </td> <td style="padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0;">Court of Appeals, State of Michigan</p> </td> </tr> <p><!-- Row 6 --></p> <tr> <td style="background-color: #04151f; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 500; text-align: center; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">6</td> <td style="color: #494e51; font-weight: 600; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"><span style="color: green;"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/15.0.3/72x72/2b06.png" alt="⬆" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></span> +1</td> <td style="color: #494e51; font-weight: 600; text-align: center; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">3</td> <td style="padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em><i></i><i><a href="https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69191195/georgia-state-conference-of-the-naacp-v-raffensperger/">Georgia State Conference of the NAACP, et al., v. Raffensperger</a></i></em></p> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 2px;">Civil rights groups on Sept. 24 <a href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.gand.334337/gov.uscourts.gand.334337.1.0_1.pdf">challenged</a> provisions of Georgia’s <a href="https://legiscan.com/GA/text/SB189/2023">S.B. 189</a>, which was passed earlier this year. The plaintiffs asked the court to block a provision that empowers private citizens to challenge another voter’s eligibility. They also challenge a provision that imposes requirements on voters without a permanent address, arguing that it unduly burdens voters experiencing homelessness. State and national branches of the Republican Party <a href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.gand.334337/gov.uscourts.gand.334337.19.0.pdf">moved</a> to intervene in support of Raffensperger. The court may <a href="https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69191195/georgia-state-conference-of-the-naacp-v-raffensperger/?filed_after=&amp;filed_before=&amp;entry_gte=&amp;entry_lte=&amp;order_by=desc">consolidate this case</a> with two similar lawsuits (<a href="https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69265289/secure-families-initiative-v-raffensperger/?filed_after=&amp;filed_before=&amp;entry_gte=&amp;entry_lte=&amp;order_by=desc">here</a> and <a href="https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69008107/new-georgia-project-v-raffensperger/?filed_after=&amp;filed_before=&amp;entry_gte=&amp;entry_lte=&amp;order_by=desc">here</a>).</p> </td> <td style="padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0;">U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta Division</p> </td> </tr> <p><!-- Row 7 --></p> <tr> <td style="background-color: #04151f; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 500; text-align: center; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">7</td> <td style="color: #494e51; font-weight: 600; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"><span style="color: green;"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/15.0.3/72x72/2b06.png" alt="⬆" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></span> +2</td> <td style="color: #494e51; font-weight: 600; text-align: center; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">3</td> <td style="padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><a href="https://www.law360.com/publicpolicy/articles/2048322/texas-sues-biden-admin-to-get-voter-citizenship-status-data"><i>Department of Homeland Security Sharing of Citizenship Information Challenges</i></a></p> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 2px;"><a href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.flnd.527782/gov.uscourts.flnd.527782.1.0.pdf">Florida</a>, <a href="https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/sites/default/files/images/press/USCIS%20Citizenship%20Data%20Complaint%20Filestamped.pdf">Texas</a>, and <a href="https://www.ohiosos.gov/globalassets/media-center/01complaintvsdhs.pdf">Ohio</a> have all sued the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) requesting additional information relating to immigrants’ citizenship status. That comes after the attorneys general of those three states joined 13 others to send a letter to Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas demanding that DHS hand over this data.</p> </td> <td style="padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0;">U.S. District Court, Northern District of Florida, Pensacola Division</p> </td> </tr> <p><!-- Row 8 --></p> <tr> <td style="background-color: #04151f; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 500; text-align: center; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">8</td> <td style="color: #494e51; font-weight: 600; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"><span style="color: green;"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/15.0.3/72x72/2b06.png" alt="⬆" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></span> +2</td> <td style="color: #494e51; font-weight: 600; text-align: center; padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;">6</td> <td style="padding: 2px; margin-bottom: 0; border: 1px solid #ADADAD;"> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em><i><a href="https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/68966773/mi-familia-vota-et-al-v-petersen-et-al/?filed_after=&amp;filed_before=&amp;entry_gte=&amp;entry_lte=&amp;order_by=desc">Mi Familia Vota, et al., v. Fontes, et al.</a></i></em></p> <p style="font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 2px;">This consolidated case challenges two Arizona laws <a href="https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/55leg/2R/bills/HB2492H.pdf">establishing</a> new proof of citizenship standards for voters and <a href="https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/55leg/2r/bills/hb2243h.pdf">requiring</a> Civil Liberties Courts Democracy Election Featured Articles Litigation Rule of Law 2024 Presidential Election 2024 US Election Protection courts election law Litigation Tracker voting rights Norman L. Eisen Amid Talk of Fascism, Trump’s Threats and Language Evoke a Grim Past https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/27/us/politics/trump-fascism.html NYT > United States Defense and Military Forces urn:uuid:25f07dbc-1d83-38e2-bba2-662c3a1ebfe8 Mon, 04 Nov 2024 11:29:56 -0500 Plenty of presidents have been called dictators by their political opponents, but none until now has been publicly accused of being a “fascist” by his own handpicked advisers. Authoritarianism (Theory and Philosophy) United States Politics and Government Presidential Election of 2024 United States Defense and Military Forces Presidential Power (US) Democracy (Theory and Philosophy) Trump, Donald J Kelly, John F (1950- ) Milley, Mark A Bolton, John R internal-paywall-exempt-elections-app Peter Baker The D Brief: B-52s head to the Mideast; Russia’s progress, charted; Nat’l Guard on election standby; Navy cruisers, extended; And just a bit more. https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2024/11/the-d-brief-november-04-2024/400789/ Defense One - All Content urn:uuid:ef7b1a22-abb1-f1f1-dc97-72d382c65039 Mon, 04 Nov 2024 11:13:37 -0500 Threats A Review of Donald Trump’s Appellate Brief, and Amicus Briefs, Concerning the Appointment of Jack Smith as Special Counsel https://www.justsecurity.org/104488/trump-brief-jack-smith-authority/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=trump-brief-jack-smith-authority Just Security urn:uuid:7c8bb017-ca0e-fa37-06aa-c6e63d96e230 Mon, 04 Nov 2024 09:39:07 -0500 <p>Preliminary reactions to the three arguments Donald Trump made to the Eleventh Circuit regarding Jack Smith's appointment as Special Counsel.</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104488/trump-brief-jack-smith-authority/">A Review of Donald Trump’s Appellate Brief, and Amicus Briefs, Concerning the Appointment of Jack Smith as Special Counsel</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <p>On July 15, Judge Aileen Cannon <a href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.flsd.648652/gov.uscourts.flsd.648652.672.0_2.pdf">held</a> that Attorney General Merrick Garland lacked statutory authority to appoint Jack Smith as a Special Counsel to investigate and prosecute federal criminal charges against former President Donald Trump. On the basis of that holding, Judge Cannon granted Trump’s motion to dismiss the indictment against him in the case involving documents retained at Mar-a-Lago. The Department of Justice appealed that ruling to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, and filed its <a href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ca11.87822/gov.uscourts.ca11.87822.18.0_5.pdf">opening brief</a> on August 26. On Friday, October 25, Trump’s attorneys filed <a href="https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/25253748/trumpbrfca11102524.pdf">their responsive brief</a> in the court of appeals.</p> <p>In an <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98037/doj-special-counsel/">article here back in July</a>, I explained why Judge Cannon is wrong and why the Supreme Court was correct to hold in <em>United States v. Nixon </em>(1974) that Congress has given the Attorney General statutory authority to create an “office” to handle a particular criminal case and to hire someone from outside the Department of Justice to direct that office and supervise the case.</p> <p>Trump’s counsel argue in his appellate brief that (1) the Court in <em>Nixon </em>was wrong on the merits of the statutory authority question; and (2) what the Court unanimously wrote in <em>Nixon</em> about the statutory question was dicta, rather than a binding holding. Trump also argues that (3) even if there is statutory authority for such an appointment, such an appointment would be unconstitutional because Special Counsel Smith is a principal officer and therefore must be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.</p> <p>In this article, I offer a few preliminary reactions to each of these three Trump arguments. (DOJ’s reply brief, currently due on November 15, presumably will include more comprehensive responses to all of Trump’s arguments.) After that, I address some of the additional arguments, not raised by Trump himself, that amici supporting Trump have made to the court of appeals.  [To repeat my earlier disclosure: I was a Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the DOJ Office of Legal Counsel at the time of the Smith appointment. Nothing in this essay, however, reflects any confidential information from my tenure at OLC.]</p> <h2><strong>Trump’s Arguments</strong></h2> <h5><strong>1. The Attorney General’s Section 510 Authority to Delegate the AG’s Power to Supervise Criminal Cases </strong></h5> <p>In my <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98037/doj-special-counsel">July piece</a>, I explained that the most straightforward statutory basis for Attorney General Garland’s appointment of Jack Smith as Special Counsel is that (1) the Attorney General had statutory authority to hire Smith to work in the Department of Justice pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 3101, and (2) the Attorney General also has authority, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 510, to delegate his own power to supervise a criminal case to anyone employed at DOJ.</p> <p>I elaborated as follows on the second component of this statutory argument (i.e., the Attorney General’s delegation authority under Section 510):</p> <blockquote><p>Section 509 [of Title 28] provides that, with discrete exceptions not relevant here, “<em>[a]ll</em>” DOJ functions “are vested in the Attorney General,” even where another statute specifically assigns a particular function to other DOJ officials (such as 28 U.S.C. § 547(1), which authorizes U.S. Attorneys to prosecute offenses against the United States). Therefore, the Attorney General himself may supervise a criminal investigation and prosecution. This has been true since 1870, when Congress enacted the law establishing the Department of Justice. <em>See</em> Act of June 22, 1870, ch. 150, § 3, 16 Stat. 162, 163 (providing that “the Attorney-General may, whenever he deems it for the interest of the United States, conduct and argue any case in which the government is interested, in any court of the United States”).</p> <p>Section 510, in turn, provides the Attorney General a virtually unlimited power to <em>delegate</em> those authorities. It provides that the Attorney General “may from time to time make such provisions as he considers appropriate authorizing the performance by any other officer, employee, or agency of the Department of Justice of any function of the Attorney General.” (Congress has vested the Attorney General with such a broad delegation power since at least 1950. <em>See</em> Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1950, § 2, 64 Stat. 1261, 1261.) This means that the Attorney General may assign the functions of criminal investigation and prosecution of a particular case—powers he may personally exercise, per Section 509—to any other officer, employee, or agency of DOJ. For example, Section 510 would have authorized Attorney General Garland to assign supervision of the Mar-a-Lago investigation, and any subsequent prosecution, to an attorney employed in the Office of the Attorney General (OAG), or to an attorney in the Tax Division, or to an attorney in the Environment and Natural Resources Division, etc.</p> <p>Of particular note with respect to the Mar-a-Lago case, for the past 17 years the Attorney General has exercised his Section 510 delegation authority to assign supervision of criminal investigations and prosecutions involving <em>national-security-related offenses</em> to the DOJ National Security Division (NSD), even though Congress has not vested the Assistant Attorney General for NSD with any statutory authority to prosecute criminal cases. <em>See</em> 28 U.S.C. § 507A(b) (setting forth the statutory functions of the NSD AAG). In 2007, Attorney General Alberto Gonzales promulgated a regulation, 28 C.F.R. § 0.72(a)(7), conferring upon NSD the power to “[p]rosecute Federal crimes involving national security.” 72 Fed. Reg. 10,064, 10,066 (Mar. 7, 2007). Not surprisingly, Attorney General Gonzales cited Sections 509 and 510 as authority for that regulatory conferral of prosecutorial power to NSD (together with 5 U.S.C. § 301, which vests the head of every Executive department with authority to “prescribe regulations for the government of his department [and] the distribution and performance of its business”). <em>Id.</em> at 10,065. What’s more, Section 9-90.010(A) of the DOJ <em>Justice Manual</em> prescribes NSD control of such cases as the default rule:  “The enforcement of all criminal laws affecting, involving or relating to the national security, and the responsibility for prosecuting criminal offenses, such as conspiracy, perjury and false statements, arising out of offenses related to national security, is assigned to the Assistant Attorney General (AAG) of the National Security Division. <em>Where a matter affects the national security</em>, regardless of the specific statute(s) implicated, <em>prosecutions shall be instituted and conducted under the supervision of the Assistant Attorney General, National Security Division</em>, or higher authority.” (Emphasis added.) (Although NSD often prosecutes such cases in conjunction with a U.S. Attorney’s office, it need not do so, and my understanding is that NSD regularly supervises such prosecutions even when there is some involvement by attorneys in a U.S. Attorney’s office.)</p> <p>Accordingly, before Attorney General Garland appointed a Special Counsel in November 2022, the Mar-a-Lago investigation and litigation itself were “instituted and conducted under the supervision of” NSD Assistant Attorney General Matt Olsen, rather than by a U.S. Attorney. Such NSD direction of the case was the result of an Attorney General delegation of his own authority to NSD pursuant to Section 510.</p></blockquote> <p>I also noted that Judge Cannon appeared to <em>agree</em> that Attorney General Garland could have first hired Jack Smith to work in a DOJ component—the Office of the Attorney General, for example, or NSD—and then, five minutes later, used his authority under Section 510 to delegate to Smith the responsibility to supervise the Mar-a-Lago case.</p> <p>Judge Cannon nevertheless held that Section 510 was inadequate support for the Smith appointment because Attorney General Garland appointed Smith as Special Counsel without a separate, antecedent process of hiring Smith to work at DOJ. Judge Cannon appears to have assumed—and predicated her conclusion on the assumption—that Congress has insisted upon <em>some </em>temporal separation, no matter how brief, between the act of hiring an individual into DOJ and the Attorney General’s authorization of that DOJ official to supervise a prosecution.</p> <p>Similarly, Trump argues in his appellate brief (pp. 36-37) that Section 510 only “authorizes the AG to delegate ‘any’ of his functions to <em>existing</em> ‘other officer[s]’ and ‘employee[s]’” (emphasis in Trump brief)—and that because Smith had not previously been employed at DOJ when Garland <a href="https://www.justice.gov/d9/press-releases/attachments/2022/11/18/2022.11.18_order_5559-2022.pdf">appointed him as Special Counsel on November 18, 2022</a>, Section 510 is inapplicable.</p> <p>As I explained back in July, however, that distinction is untenable:</p> <blockquote><p>There is … no basis for assuming Congress has required such a two-step dance. Indeed, there would be no reason for Congress to have imposed such a requirement, which would serve no useful purpose and that would have contravened a longstanding practice of hiring individuals from outside DOJ to commence employment at DOJ in order to handle a particular case. Section 510 empowers the Attorney General to delegate his functions—including criminal-law investigation and prosecution—to an incoming DOJ employee who has been hired [from outside the Department] for the specific purpose of exercising that delegated authority.</p></blockquote> <p>In response to this argument, Trump asserts (p.37) that the Attorney General is not free to hire someone “as a non-officer employee under 5 U.S.C. § 3101, and then elevate him to inferior-officer status.”  There are at least two problems with this response, however.</p> <p>First, although Section 3101 authorizes “[e]ach Executive agency” to “employ such number of <em>employees</em> of the various classes recognized by chapter 51 of this title as Congress may appropriate for from year to year” (emphasis added), for purposes of that provision the term “employee” is defined to include officers (<em>see </em>5 U.S.C. § 2105(a)). Thus, Section 3101 authorizes the hiring of persons <em>as officers </em>in the first instance, even where the Head of the Department, rather than Congress, has created the office in question. <em>See Edmond v. United States</em>, 520 U.S. 651, 656-68 (1997) (holding that a statute giving the Secretary of Transportation the power to “appoint and fix the pay of officers and employees of the Department of Transportation and [to] prescribe their duties and powers” authorized the Secretary to appoint civilians from outside DOT to serve as judges on the Coast Guard Court of Criminal Appeals—judges who are “officers” for Appointments Clause purposes—even though “the statute does not specifically mention Coast Guard judges”).</p> <p>Moreover, as DOJ’s <a href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ca11.87822/gov.uscourts.ca11.87822.18.0_5.pdf#page=57">opening brief explains at greater length (pp. 36-41, 56)</a>, such appointments of persons previously outside the government to offices within the Department are regularly made in DOJ, just as they are in many other agencies. Of greatest significance here, Attorneys General have often hired persons directly into DOJ as “special counsel” or “special prosecutors” assigned to investigate and prosecute particular possible federal offenses.</p> <p>Most famously, in 1973 Attorney General Elliot Richardson, citing Sections 509 and 510, formally established within the Department of Justice “the Office of Watergate Special Prosecution Force, to be headed by a Director,” 38 Fed. Reg. 14,688 (1973), and—once again relying upon Sections 509 and 510—<a href="https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/galleries/images-department-justice-order-no-518-73">appointed Archibald Cox to be the Director of that Office</a>. In October 1973, Acting Attorney General Robert Bork formally abolished the office and removed Cox in the so-called “Saturday Night Massacre,” but then, less than two weeks later, Bork reestablished the office, once again citing Sections 509 and 510 as his authority to do so, <em>see </em>38 Fed. Reg. 30,738 (Nov. 2, 1973), and appointed Leon Jaworski to fill it, <em>id.</em> In the period that followed leading up to President Nixon’s resignation, there was a widespread understanding that Section 510 authorized the Attorney General to create that office and to appoint individuals from outside DOJ, such as Cox and Jaworski, to head it. <em>See, e.g.</em>, <em>Nader v. Bork</em>, 366 F. Supp. 104, 108 &amp; n.11 (D.D.C. 1973) (“The Attorney General derived his authority to hire Mr. Cox and to fix his term of service from various Acts of Congress.”) (citing Sections 509 and 510, along with 5 U.S.C. § 301); <em>United States v. Mitchell</em>, 377 F. Supp. 1326, 1329 n.7 (D.D.C. 1974) (stating, in a case in which counsel for seven defendants appeared, that “[f]ormer Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox received a delegation of powers and responsibilities from the Attorney General acting by authority of 28 U.S.C. §§ 509, 510 and 5 U.S.C. § 301”); Memorandum from Arnold &amp; Porter (signed by Mitchell Rogovin and Simon Lazarus III) to John W. Gardner, Chairman of Common Cause (Oct. 29, 1973), <em>published in Special Prosecutor and Watergate Grand Jury Legislation: Hearings Before the Subcomm. on Criminal Justice of the House Comm. on the Judiciary</em>, 93d Cong., 1st Sess. 382, 392 (1973) (“The broad language of § 510 … gives ample support to the delegation by Attorney General Richardson of the very broad authority granted Special Prosecutor Cox.”). As far as I know, no one in any of the three branches of the federal government, and none of the Watergate defendants, challenged the Attorney General’s authority.</p> <p>Subsequently, Attorneys General hired other “special” or “independent” counsels from outside DOJ to investigate and prosecute possible specified federal offenses—once again, without anyone raising any serious question about the authority to do so. Examples include the Attorney General’s appointments of Paul Curran in 1979, Jack Danforth in 1999, Robert Mueller in 2017, and Robert Hur in 2023.</p> <p>Under Trump’s reading of Sections 3101 and 510, all of these appointments of individuals previously outside DOJ were unauthorized. Nor does Trump argue otherwise: He concededly is asking the court of appeals to hold that all of these historical appointments, including those of Cox and Jaworski, were unlawful—despite the fact that no one in any of the three branches (or the defense bar) raised any doubts about the Attorney General’s authority. Trump has not offered the court of appeals any basis to warrant a holding that would so dramatically and retroactively declare this well-established practice to have been unlawful.</p> <p>Second, even in the hypothetical case described in Trump’s brief, where someone is first hired into DOJ as an <em>employee</em> (i.e., without the power to exercise significant government authority), Section 510 would still authorize the Attorney General to delegate his own power to supervise criminal cases to that individual, even if that delegation would effectively be an appointment of the individual to an “office” for Appointments Clause purposes. The words of Section 510 are crystal clear in this respect:  It provides that the Attorney General “may from time to time make such provisions as he considers appropriate authorizing the performance by any other officer, <em>employee</em>, or agency of the Department of Justice of any function of the Attorney General” (emphasis added).</p> <p>In sum, therefore, Section 510, together with the Attorney General’s undisputed authority to hire individuals to work at DOJ, is sufficient to settle the principal (statutory) question at issue on the appeal. (Accordingly, there is no need for the court of appeals to address the potentially more complicated questions raised by DOJ’s additional reliance upon 28 U.S.C. §§ 515(b) and 533 as authority for the appointment.)</p> <h5><strong>2. The <i>U.S. v. Nixon</i> Precedent</strong></h5> <p>Fifty years ago, in <em>United States v. Nixon</em>, Chief Justice Burger wrote for a unanimous Supreme Court that “Congress has vested in the Attorney General the power to conduct the criminal litigation of the United States Government [and] has also vested in him the power to appoint subordinate officers to assist him in the discharge of his duties.” 418 U.S. at 694 (citing 28 U.S.C. §§ 509, 510, 515 and 533). The Court continued: “Acting pursuant to those statutes, the Attorney General has delegated the authority to represent the United States in these particular matters to a Special Prosecutor with unique authority and tenure.” The Court added in footnote 8 that Acting Attorney General Bork had issued the regulation establishing the Office of Watergate Special Prosecution Force, and prescribing the Special Prosecutor’s authorities, “pursuant to his statutory authority.”</p> <p>If these statements are binding precedent, then that’s all the court of appeals needs to say in order to reverse Judge Cannon’s ruling.</p> <p>Understandably, then, Trump has little choice but to <a href="https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/25253748/trumpbrfca11102524.pdf#page=68">argue (pp. 52-53)</a> that those statements in <em>Nixon </em>were nonprecedential dicta. His principal rationale for that view is that the Court adopted the statements from similar assertions in Special Prosecutor Jaworski’s own brief that “went unchallenged” by Nixon despite hundreds of pages of briefing and hours of oral argument.</p> <p>I think the court of appeals is likely to agree with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit that those statements in <em>Nixon </em>were not dicta and that therefore <em>Nixon </em>governs the legal question here. <em>See In re Grand Jury Investigation</em>, 916 F.3d 1047, 1053 (D.C. Cir. 2019); <em>accord United States v. Concord Mgmt. &amp; Consulting LLC</em>, 317 F. Supp. 3d 598, 622-23 (D.D.C. 2018) (Friedrich, J.).</p> <p>But even if the court of appeals judges were to conclude that the statements in <em>Nixon were </em>dicta, the fact on which Trump now relies—namely, the failure of Nixon’s counsel to challenge the appointment authority over the course of hundreds of pages of briefing and hours of oral argument—merely demonstrates how untenable Trump’s argument is. Not only did Nixon’s savvy counsel not challenge the Attorney General’s appointment authority, neither did any Justice on the Supreme Court; nor any public commentators; nor the lower court judges who referenced the Section 510 authority (see above); nor any of the Watergate defendants who had been indicted by Jaworski and who thus had great incentive to challenge his appointment. This collective silence—the packs of dogs that didn’t bark—is itself a compelling confirmation of the fact that Congress has, beyond cavil, conferred such appointment authority on the Attorney General. As I wrote in my earlier piece:</p> <blockquote><p>Nixon was represented by James St. Clair, Charles Alan Wright, Leonard Garment, and other savvy, experienced counsel. Those esteemed attorneys offered numerous arguments on Nixon’s behalf in their zealous effort to challenge the tapes subpoena. Had there been a respectable argument that Acting Attorney General Bork had acted without statutory authority in appointing Jaworski, they certainly would have made it. (And others in the legal community would have flagged it.) Yet they did not. To the contrary, after Jaworski had expressly cited §§ 509, 510, 515 and 533 in his brief as the grounds for Acting Attorney General Bork’s authority to appoint a Special Prosecutor, Nixon’s counsel wrote in their reply brief (pp. 7-8) that “<em>[w]e do not contest </em>the Special Prosecutor’s assertion that his authority is derived from the Attorney General” (emphasis added). In other words, Nixon’s savvy counsel acknowledged that the Acting Attorney General had delegated his own authority to Jaworski—something Section 510 plainly authorized—and that therefore Jaworski was (in the words of the reply brief) “the alter ego of the Attorney General” in the “particular matter.” Nor was this simply a throwaway point: St. Clair, et al., insisted upon it because it was central to their (unsuccessful) argument that because the Attorney General allegedly lacked the authority to seek the subpoena, therefore his delegee, Jaworski, could not do so, either.</p> <p>The most important point about the <em>Nixon</em> decision, therefore, is not that the pertinent passages in the Court’s opinion are binding on lower courts (though they are), but that Nixon himself, as well as his experienced counsel, and all eight Justices on the Supreme Court who participated, unanimously agreed with Jaworski that Section 510 and other statutes gave the Attorney General authority to delegate his own criminal law-enforcement authorities to a prosecutor hired from outside the Department of Justice (and to afford that prosecutor even greater indepen Courts Executive Department of Justice (DOJ) Mar-a-Lago Special Counsel Special Counsel Jack Smith Marty Lederman The Just Security Podcast: Could Ecocide Become a New International Crime? https://www.justsecurity.org/104568/podcast-ecocide-international-crime/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=podcast-ecocide-international-crime Just Security urn:uuid:de73924c-3e6f-a345-082f-c4fdc29c580d Mon, 04 Nov 2024 09:34:36 -0500 <p>What does the proposal from Vanuatu, Fiji, and Samoa to add ecocide as a new international crime mean in practice?</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104568/podcast-ecocide-international-crime/">The Just Security Podcast: Could Ecocide Become a New International Crime?</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">Earlier this fall, three Pacific Island States – Vanuatu, Fiji, and Samoa – formally proposed adding ecocide as a crime that can be heard and punished by the International Criminal Court, which can currently try individuals for war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, and the crime of aggression.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">Any change to the ICC’s Rome Statute, particularly adding a new international crime, would require a massive level of diplomatic coordination and negotiation. But the future crime might hold individuals criminally accountable for severe environmental damage, such as massive oil or chemical spills or the destruction of rainforests.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">In the meantime, what does the ecocide proposal mean in practice? How might it potentially impact our understanding of ongoing destruction of the environment and the role of international criminal law?</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">Joining the show to unpack the ecocide proposal are Naima Fifita, Rebecca Hamilton, and Kate Mackintosh.</p> <p>Naima is a lawyer from Tuvalu. She is the Executive Director of the Institute for Climate and Peace. Bec is an Executive Editor at Just Security and a Professor of Law at American University. Kate is Executive Director of the UCLA Law Promise Institute Europe, and Deputy Co-Chair of the Independent Expert Panel on the Legal Definition of Ecocide.</p> <p>Show Notes:</p> <ul> <li>Just Security’s expert round up <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100172/why-criminalize-ecocide-experts/">article</a> “Why Criminalize Ecocide? Experts Weigh In”</li> <li>Just Security’s Climate Change <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/climate-change/">coverage</a></li> <li>Just Security’s International Law <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/international-law/">coverage</a></li> <li>Just Security’s International Criminal Court <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/international-criminal-court/">coverage</a></li> <li>Music: “Broken” by David Bullard from Uppbeat: https://uppbeat.io/t/david-bullard/broken (License code: OSC7K3LCPSGXISVI)</li> </ul> <p>Listen to the episode, with a transcript available soon, by clicking below.</p> <p><a href="https://www.buzzsprout.com/2074610/episodes/16044753-could-ecocide-become-a-new-international-crime"><img data-recalc-dims="1" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-104569" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screenshot-2024-11-04-at-9.17.29 AM.png?resize=1067%2C470&#038;ssl=1" alt="The episode title appears with sound waves behind it. " width="1067" height="470" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screenshot-2024-11-04-at-9.17.29 AM.png?w=672&amp;ssl=1 672w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screenshot-2024-11-04-at-9.17.29 AM.png?resize=300%2C132&amp;ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /></a></p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104568/podcast-ecocide-international-crime/">The Just Security Podcast: Could Ecocide Become a New International Crime?</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> Diplomacy International and Foreign International Justice Climate Change Climate Justice Ecocide environmental crimes environmental destruction International Criminal Court (ICC) International Criminal Law Just Security Podcast Pacific Islands Rome Statute Naima Te Maile Fifita A Historic Day for Older People and Human Rights Across Africa https://www.justsecurity.org/104448/older-people-human-rights-africa/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=older-people-human-rights-africa Just Security urn:uuid:ae4819e5-e2d5-9b29-4416-e4057d57ff3b Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:30:09 -0500 <p>A new protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights obligates governments to ensure the fundamental rights of older people.</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104448/older-people-human-rights-africa/">A Historic Day for Older People and Human Rights Across Africa</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <p>Today marks a historic day for older people across Africa. A new protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights enters into force that obligates governments on the continent to ensure the fundamental rights of older people. With it comes hope that more people can enjoy healthy, safe, and secure lives on an equal basis with others and without discrimination, regardless of age.</p> <p>The <a href="https://au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/36438-treaty-0051_-_protocol_on_the_rights_of_older_persons_e.pdf">Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Older Persons</a> aims to affirm and secure the fundamental rights of older people across Africa, recognizing their value to society while addressing their specific needs and risks. Among other protections, the protocol prohibits discrimination against older people and guarantees the rights to work and to pensions, to support services, and to long-term care. It also highlights the particular experience of older people in situations of risk, a point painfully relevant as many African countries face new and entrenched <a href="https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/violence-democratic-republic-congo">armed conflicts</a> and <a href="https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation">refugee crises</a>, as well as <a href="https://helpageusa.org/east-africa-drought/">drought</a>, famine, and <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/23/global-warming-worsened-floods-across-africa-scientists">other disasters</a> induced by climate change.</p> <p>Importantly, the protocol recognizes the intersectional identities that many older people experience, and which can put them at particular risk of abuse and hardship. Specific articles relate to older women and older people with disabilities. The protocol also articulates specific guarantees to those who take care of orphans and other vulnerable children. One important role that older people play in Africa and around the world is that of caregivers and support providers for children, adults, and other older people, contrary to assumptions that older people are typically dependent on others.</p> <p>The protocol comes at an especially crucial time. Rapid<a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health#:~:text=By%202030%2C%201%20in%206,will%20double%20(2.1%20billion)."> population aging</a> is happening all around the world, including in Africa, which might surprise many people. Africa’s youth population receives prominent attention in the current global development agenda. Indeed, the continent of Africa has the fewest older adults and lowest proportion of older adults of all regions of the world. However, in just the next 30 years, growth in <a href="https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2022/04/why-study-aging-in-africa-region-with-worlds-youngest-population.html">Africa’s older population will outstrip growth</a> in any other world region. The continent’s growth in the population of older people is set to exceed 200 percent in the next 30 years and<a href="https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/new-census-report-aging-trends-africa#:~:text=However%2C%20the%20report%20found%20that,other%20region%20of%20the%20world."> is projected to triple</a> from 74.4 million in 2020 to more than 235 million in 2050, according to the National Institutes of Health.</p> <p>This rapid shift underscores the need for sustainable systems and policies that will be able to support an aging population.</p> <p>Population aging in Africa and elsewhere is attributed to many development successes, including increasing <a href="https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/august-2022/healthy-life-expectancy-africa-rises-almost-ten-years#:~:text=Healthy%20life%20expectancy%20in%20the,world%20during%20the%20same%20period.">life expectancy</a>, vaccine access and other healthcare improvements, and better maternal and newborn care. At the same time, many countries in Africa face significant challenges in terms of poverty, health, and social services and care, including poor infrastructure, limited <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/puh2.9">access to medicines</a>, high rates of infectious <a href="https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/ejc-nm_medc_v2023_n3_a25">disease</a>, and a shortage of <a href="https://www.afro.who.int/news/chronic-staff-shortfalls-stifle-africas-health-systems-who-study">healthcare workers</a>. As the number of older adults increases in these countries, the <a href="https://academic.oup.com/innovateage/article/8/4/igae002/7585958">pressure on these already limited resources</a> will only increase, putting strain on the health and social care systems.</p> <h2><strong>Population Aging Requires a Shift in Thinking</strong></h2> <p>In order for Africa’s growing population of older people to truly enjoy the rights guaranteed under the AU Protocol, it is essential that national governments, regional bodies, and countries and institutions investing in Africa’s development urgently shift their thinking and approaches to ensure effective support that meets the demographic moment.</p> <p>For example, the U.S. government <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89927/the-us-must-adapt-foreign-policy-and-aid-to-an-aging-world/">has yet to develop any policy</a> or engage expert staff to guide its development and humanitarian assistance and global diplomacy to contend with global population aging, a biological phenomenon that will not be reversed. The United States risks its significant commitments to human rights, equality, and health unless it responds to one of the most pressing global transformations underway. And as a global leader in human rights and humanitarian aid, the U.S. government’s engagement in addressing global aging could help catalyze similar support from other countries.</p> <p>International <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/91796/as-low-and-middle-income-countries-grapple-with-the-megatrend-of-aging-development-finance-institutions-are-key/">financial institutions also</a> have an important role to play through their partnerships and assistance with countries around the world aiming to create more equitable and fair societies.</p> <p>Assistance to organizations of older people and to civil society organizations that support them is also essential to ensure societies are prepared for demographic change. The new AU Protocol on the Rights of Older Persons would not have come into force without the persistent and strategic efforts of civil society.</p> <p>For example, <a href="https://nsindagiza.org/">NSINDAGIZA</a>, a Rwandan organization dedicated to advocating for the rights of older persons, together with Rwanda National Commission for Human Rights, helped lead a campaign to persuade the Rwandan government to ratify the AU protocol in 2020 and adopt a National Older Persons’ Policy in 2021 in order to put the protocol into effect nationally. The organization (where one of us, Elie, is CEO) also joined forces with other groups and aging networks across Africa to urge their respective governments to ratify the protocol and incorporate it into domestic legislation.</p> <p>NSINDAGIZA builds the capacity of older people and their organizations to do their own advocacy, in partnership with other national, regional and global aging networks. It also creates alliances with youth organizations to facilitate intergenerational relationships that enable younger generations to prepare for aging and also support older people, who are custodians of cultural values in Rwanda.</p> <p>The work of NSINDAGIZA and others represent clear evidence of how local organizations, who are best attuned to the local context, both support populations at risk and champion influential advocacy. NSINDAGIZA&#8217;s achievements demonstrate the power of grassroots advocacy in achieving policy change, showing how local efforts can inspire broader changes.</p> <h2><strong>Toward a UN Convention on the Rights of Older Persons?</strong></h2> <p>The AU Protocol was adopted in 2016 and required a minimum of 15 AU member States to ratify it for it to come into legal force. On October 4, 2024, the 15th ratification was officially submitted by Nigeria. Other states ratifying are Rwanda, Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Togo, Sao Tome and Principe, and Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic.</p> <p>The AU Protocol is the second regional human rights instrument to take effect. The <a href="https://www.oas.org/en/sla/dil/inter_american_treaties_a-70_human_rights_older_persons.asp#:~:text=Older%20persons%20have%20the%20right,public%20or%20the%20private%20sphere.">Inter-American Convention on Protecting the Human Rights of Older Persons</a> has been in force since 2017.</p> <p>These regional treaties are testament to the fact that there is a growing global consensus that binding legal instruments are necessary for the protection of the rights of older people, including by combatting structural and social ageism. The persistence and prevalence of ageism should worry us all, as we are all aging and, if we are so fortunate, will live long lives, which should be healthy, secure, and active. An August 2024 <a href="https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n24/241/45/pdf/n2424145.pdf">United Nations General Assembly resolution</a> has paved the way for U.N. human rights mechanisms to begin the development of a U.N. Convention on the rights of older persons. This outcome is the result of 14 years of joint efforts by older people, civil society organizations, governments, and others. A convention will not happen, however, without continued and new support and leadership from governments around the world, including from the United States and many others.</p> <p>The AU protocol marks a significant milestone in the journey toward protecting and promoting the rights of older people in Africa. It’s crucial that the international community support its implementation and builds on this momentum to make guarantees for the rights of older people a reality worldwide. Donors and diplomatic partners of African governments and civil society should support the protocol&#8217;s implementation and leverage this momentum to ensure a global convention that guarantees the rights of older people. These are critical steps in meeting this moment of rapid population aging and guaranteeing the rights of all, at all ages.</p> <h6><em>IMAGE: An elderly man carries his granddaughter as the family is cooking breakfast in the communal kitchen on May 21, 2024, in Madala Hostel in Alexandra Township, South Africa. The neglect and appalling living conditions in the hostel are striking and contrary to promises by the local government to renovate it. (Photo by Per-Anders Pettersson/Getty Images)</em></h6> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104448/older-people-human-rights-africa/">A Historic Day for Older People and Human Rights Across Africa</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> Diplomacy Featured Articles Human Rights International and Foreign International Justice Local Voices United Nations Africa African Union health healthcare Public Health Elie Mugabowishema Early Edition: November 4, 2024 https://www.justsecurity.org/104558/early-edition-november-4-2024/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=early-edition-november-4-2024 Just Security urn:uuid:11ec5dcd-e683-fc63-b0ee-75f8102f576c Mon, 04 Nov 2024 07:24:35 -0500 <p>Signup to receive the Early Edition in your inbox here. A curated weekday guide to major news and developments over the weekend. Here’s today’s news: ISRAEL-HAMAS WAR Prospects for a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas ran aground on Friday, as Israeli airstrikes killed at least 68 people in Gaza. The Israeli military claimed the strikes [&#8230;]</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104558/early-edition-november-4-2024/">Early Edition: November 4, 2024</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <p>Signup to receive the Early Edition in your inbox <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/early-edition-signup/">here</a>.</p> <p>A curated weekday guide to major news and developments over the weekend. Here’s today’s news:</p> <p><b><i>ISRAEL-HAMAS WAR</i></b></p> <p><b>Prospects for a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas ran aground on Friday, as Israeli airstrikes killed at least 68 people in Gaza. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Israeli military claimed the strikes killed one of the last surviving high-ranking members of Hamas. Nidal Al-Mughrabi, Timour Azhari, and Laila Bassam report for </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-pounds-lebanon-gaza-after-us-truce-push-2024-11-01/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reuters</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>Israel today said it terminated the agreement facilitating the work of the U.N. aid agency for Palestinian refugees (UNRWA), </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">appearing to take steps to implement the legislation passed last month that would prevent the agency from operating in the Palestinian territories. </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-hezbollah-mideast-latest-4-november-2024-faf4d814fe58b18f1e6176b4f274c3fd?utm_source=copy&amp;utm_medium=share"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> reports.</span></p> <p><b>Nearly 100,000 children in Gaza City received a second dose of the polio vaccine this weekend, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">the Hamas-run health ministry said, adding that around 15,000 children in northern towns “remain inaccessible.” Hiba Yazbek reports for the </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/03/world/middleeast/gaza-polio-vaccine.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">New York Times.</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> </span></p> <p><b>Israeli fire yesterday hit a polio vaccination center and the car of a U.N. official involved in the campaign despite a promised “humanitarian pause” in bombardment, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">the World Health Organization chief </span><a href="https://x.com/DrTedros/status/1852773716272328933"><span style="font-weight: 400;">said</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. At least four children were reportedly injured. Julian Borger reports for the </span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/nov/03/polio-vaccination-centre-and-aid-officials-car-bombarded-in-gaza-says-un"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Guardian</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><b>An AP investigation into Israel’s allegations of Hamas presence in hospitals raided by Israeli troops found little evidence supporting the claims. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">Isabel Debre reports for </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/gaza-hospitals-israel-civilians-d066117ec80bce83657447add762b2e7"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><b>Israeli authorities yesterday arrested one of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s close aides on suspicion of having leaked “classified and sensitive” IDF intelligence</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> that could have caused “significant damage” to efforts to free hostages held in Gaza. Barak Ravid reports for </span><a href="https://www.axios.com/2024/11/01/netanyahu-scandal-aide-arrested-alleged-intel-leak"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Axios</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>Israel is falling far short of meeting the Biden administration’s ultimatum to surge the level of aid to Gaza or face restrictions on U.S. military funding,</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> an </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-gaza-humanitarian-aid-military-funding-11bdf4ffd22e0f4c68b2b7b0e24bda77"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> review of U.N. and Israeli data shows. Ellen Knickmeyer reports.</span></p> <p><b><i>ISRAEL-HAMAS WAR — INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE</i></b></p> <p><b>The entire population of northern Gaza is “at imminent risk” of death from disease, famine, and ongoing bombardments amid an “apocalyptic” situation in the territory,</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> leaders of 15 U.N. aid agencies said in a joint </span><a href="https://www.who.int/news/item/01-11-2024-statement-by-principals-of-the-inter-agency-standing-committee---stop-the-assault-on-palestinians-in-gaza-and-on-those-trying-to-help-them"><span style="font-weight: 400;">statement</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> on Friday. Michelle Nichols reports for </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/north-gaza-apocalyptic-everyone-imminent-risk-death-warns-un-2024-11-01/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reuters</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>ISRAEL-HEZBOLLAH WAR </i></b></p> <p><b>The Israeli military said it captured a senior Hezbollah operative in a naval raid on Friday. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">The kidnapping angered Lebanese authorities, with Prime Minister Najib Mikati saying the country will submit a complaint to the U.N. Security Council. Tom Bennett reports for </span><a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cm2zeyvpnkxo"><span style="font-weight: 400;">BBC News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>A U.S. push to halt fighting between Israel and Hezbollah has stalled after the U.S.-drafted ceasefire proposal was found to be “unrealistic” and Israel insisted on being able to enforce a truce directly,</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> sources say. Maya Gebeily reports for </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us-truce-efforts-lebanon-fail-ahead-election-diplomatic-sources-say-2024-11-01/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reuters</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>Israeli airstrikes killed at least 52 people across Lebanon’s northeast on Friday,</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> the Lebanese Health ministry said. Wafaa Shurafa and Sally Abou Aljoud report for </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-hamas-war-lebanon-hezbollah-iran-news-11-01-2024-2a01e1da4c4ea1e862a9cc20094e83e8"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><b><i>ISRAEL-IRAN CONFLICT  </i></b></p> <p><b>Iran’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei vowed Saturday to give a “crushing response” to Israel’s attack on Iran,</b> <span style="font-weight: 400;">suggesting a possible involvement of Iranian-backed groups.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Adam Taylor, Mustafa Salim, Bryan Pietsch, Suzan Haidamous, and Heidi Levine report for the </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/11/02/israel-iran-khamanei-strike/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Washington Post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>The Israeli military yesterday said its troops seized a Syrian citizen involved in Iranian networks during a ground raid in Syria, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">the first announcement of Israeli operations on Syrian territory in the current war. Melanie Lidman and Samy Magdy report for </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-hamas-war-lebanon-hezbollah-iran-news-11-03-2024-9806fad6404f68737c5192c6fa1c7b9f"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>ISRAEL-IRAN CONFLICT  — U.S. RESPONSE</i></b></p> <p><b>The United States is sending bomber aircraft, fighter jets, and more Navy warships to the Middle East to bolster its presence in the region, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">the Pentagon announced Friday.Tara Copp and Lolita C. Baldor report for </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-us-military-bombers-warships-2a7771f67c91f521b1e4fe32074fab9a"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>The Biden administration warned Iran in recent days against another attack on Israel, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">stressing that it “won’t be able to hold Israel back,” U.S. and Israeli sources say. Barak Ravid reports for </span><a href="https://www.axios.com/2024/11/02/us-warn-iran-attack-israel-nuclear-oil-sites"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Axios</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>An Iranian-American journalist is believed to have been detained by Iran for months now,</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> the State Department confirmed Sunday. Jon Gambrell reports for </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/iran-us-prisoner-israel-hamas-war-lebanon-fe47ab33a4ac29a19ac0177ee06786ef"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>HOUTHI DEVELOPMENTS </i></b></p> <p><b>Arab states are resisting U.S. appeals to do more about the Houthis’ campaign against the United States and its regional allies amid anger over the Gaza war.</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Abigail Hauslohner and Ellen Nakashima report for the </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/11/03/us-yemen-houthis-israel-arab-states/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Washington Post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><b><i>U.S. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION</i></b></p> <p><b>The Proud Boys are mobilizing in support of former President Trump, amplifying election-cheating claims and making threats about the presidential election. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">The group previously played a central role in the Jan. 6 Capitol riot. Tawnell D. Hobbs and Jennifer Levitz report for the </span><a href="https://www.wsj.com/politics/national-security/the-proud-boys-have-regrouped-and-are-signaling-election-plans-de7a1f45"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Wall Street Journal</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><b>The Pentagon is preparing to counter foreign attempts to threaten or destabilize the United States during the presidential transition period, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">senior defense officials say. Missy Ryan, Ellen Nakashima, and Dan Lamothe report for the </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/11/02/election-trump-harris-russia-china-iran/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Washington Post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>Security fencing was erected yesterday around White House, U.S. Capitol, and the Vice Presidential residence,</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> as federal and District authorities brace for potential unrest following tomorrow’s presidential election. Spencer S. Hsu reports for the </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2024/11/03/dc-unrest-election-preparations/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Washington Post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>Washington state is activating some members of the National Guard to be on stand-by following “general and specific information” regarding the potential for election-related violence, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">Governor Jay Inslee said Friday. Costas Pitas reports for </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/washington-state-activates-national-guard-case-election-violence-2024-11-02/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reuters</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>The Justice Department announced on Friday it will send election monitors to 86 jurisdictions in 27 states. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">David Nakamura reports for the </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/11/01/justice-election-monitors/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Washington Post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>The Supreme Court on Friday rejected a Republican bid to block the counting of provisional ballots by voters whose mail-in ballots were deemed invalid in Pennsylvania. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">Separately, a state judge in Erie County </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/01/us/politics/erie-county-voting-mail-ballots.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">found</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> that thousands of voters may not have received their ballots on time. Abbie VanSickle reports for the </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/01/us/politics/supreme-court-pennsylvania-ballots.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">New York Times</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>A federal judge on Friday denied Elon Musk’s bid to move the Pennsylvania lawsuit over his $1mn swing state sweepstakes to a federal court.</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Luc Cohen reports for </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/legal/elon-musk-loses-bid-move-case-over-1-million-voter-prizes-2024-11-01/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reuters</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><b><i>OTHER U.S. DOMESTIC DEVELOPMENTS </i></b></p> <p><b>A federal jury on Friday found the former detective who fired 10 shots through Breonna Taylor’s apartment in a deadly 2020 raid guilty of violating her civil rights by using excessive force. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">Orlando Mayorquín reports for the </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/01/us/breonna-taylor-brett-hankison-verdict.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">New York Times</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>U.S. Army criminal investigators are reviewing an “incident” involving the top general overseeing military affairs in the Middle East, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">defense officials said Friday. Dan Lamothe reports for the </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/11/01/general-michael-erik-kurilla-army-criminal-investigative-division/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Washington Post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>A New York judge ruled on Friday that a Taliban leader charged with orchestrating the killing of three U.S. soldiers and kidnapping of an American journalist was not entitled to certain war-related immunities. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">Shayna Jacobs reports for the </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/11/01/new-york-judge-taliban-trial/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Washington Post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><b><i>U.S. FOREIGN AFFAIRS </i></b></p> <p><b>The United States flew a long-range bomber in a Sunday trilateral drill with South Korea and Japan in response to North Korea’s recent launch of a new intercontinental ballistic missile, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">South Korea’s military said. Hyung-Jin Kim reports for </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/us-bomber-north-korea-missile-test-43b568921a7521468167fe30915cd943"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR</i></b></p> <p><b>South Korea’s foreign minister said on Friday “all possible scenarios” are under consideration for aiding Ukraine.</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Meanwhile, North Korea and Russia </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/north-korea-russia-reaffirm-commitment-partnership-accord-2024-11-02/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">reaffirmed</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> their commitment to a June strategic partnership accord. David Ljunggren reports for </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/south-korea-minister-says-all-scenarios-under-consideration-aiding-ukraine-2024-11-01/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reuters</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTS</i></b><b> </b></p> <p><b>Moldova’s pro-EU president claimed a second term early today in a tense election seen as a choice between Europe and Russia.</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Paul Kirby reports for </span><a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz7w9dglzzlo"><span style="font-weight: 400;">BBC News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>Nigeria charged 76 people, including 30 minors, with treason and inciting a military coup following the deadly August protests against economic hardship, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">according to court documents released Friday. Chijioke Ohuocha reports for </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigeria-charges-76-including-minors-with-treason-after-august-protests-2024-11-01/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reuters</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104558/early-edition-november-4-2024/">Early Edition: November 4, 2024</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> Daily News Roundup Beatrice Yahia Defense officials to talk acquisition, business priorities Nov. 13 https://www.defenseone.com/business/2024/11/defense-officials-talk-acquisition-business-priorities-nov-13/400782/ Defense One - All Content urn:uuid:a384c583-3692-86d6-956f-8cbd2b9bcfe5 Mon, 04 Nov 2024 03:45:08 -0500 Discussion will focus on priorities across each military branch. Business Defense One Staff SURFACE FORCES : Dutch Determination http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htsurf/articles/2024110404726.aspx StrategyPage.com urn:uuid:0aee8e7f-e501-3d74-0d01-c423cf5d3e1d Sun, 03 Nov 2024 19:47:26 -0500 LEADERSHIP: Managing Wartime NATO http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htlead/articles/2024110404620.aspx StrategyPage.com urn:uuid:4fd132df-0dcb-25cb-a714-bb4703a056d8 Sun, 03 Nov 2024 19:46:20 -0500 BOOK REVIEW: Birth and Fall of an Empire: The Italian Army in East Africa, 1935-1941 http://www.strategypage.com/bookreviews/2634 StrategyPage.com urn:uuid:f337beb9-003f-261c-cc29-6d201660ab26 Sun, 03 Nov 2024 03:01:52 -0500 ATTRITION: Decapitating Hezbollah http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htatrit/articles/202411030356.aspx StrategyPage.com urn:uuid:f40a72d3-a38d-5f78-e712-92461d89e46e Sat, 02 Nov 2024 20:03:56 -0400 PROCUREMENT: American Aid For Ukraine http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htproc/articles/202411030257.aspx StrategyPage.com urn:uuid:eadbfa01-91c3-2d78-603e-ebc11ddc5ccf Sat, 02 Nov 2024 20:02:57 -0400 Khamenei Threatens Israel With ‘Crushing Response’ to Attacks https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/02/world/middleeast/israel-lebanon-iran-hezbollah.html NYT > United States Defense and Military Forces urn:uuid:b45222ce-3ff1-5cc0-2024-7eca9a7b30ec Sat, 02 Nov 2024 11:30:38 -0400 His comments came as the Pentagon said it would send additional fighter jets and destroyers to the Middle East. Israel-Gaza War (2023- ) United States Defense and Military Forces Austin, Lloyd J III Khamenei, Ali Gaza Strip Lebanon Middle East United States Tel Aviv (Israel) Iran Liam Stack Russia produced fake video of immigrant election fraud in Georgia, officials say  https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2024/11/russia-produced-fake-video-immigrant-election-fraud-georgia-officials-say/400765/ Defense One - All Content urn:uuid:cc4c0492-4d42-87b7-b39f-fde3ec632f67 Sat, 02 Nov 2024 08:00:00 -0400 CISA is “very concerned” about the ways foreign adversaries might ramp up their efforts during the election certification period, one official said. Threats David DiMolfetta Megan Varner/Getty Images Digest of Recent Articles on Just Security (Oct. 26-Nov. 1) https://www.justsecurity.org/104371/digest-of-recent-articles-on-just-security-oct-26-nov-1/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=digest-of-recent-articles-on-just-security-oct-26-nov-1 Just Security urn:uuid:91a229f2-6627-ad34-077f-0537bae858d2 Sat, 02 Nov 2024 07:39:40 -0400 <p>Israel-Iran Conflict Making Sense of International Law in Light of Israel and Iran&#8217;s Latest Round of &#8220;Retaliation&#8221; by Eliav Lieblich (@eliavl) India / Transnational Repression Congress Should Protect Americans from Transnational Repression by Rasheed Ahmed Symposium: National Security Constitution in the 21st Century Frictionless Government and the National Security Constitution by Ashley Deeks and Kristen [&#8230;]</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104371/digest-of-recent-articles-on-just-security-oct-26-nov-1/">Digest of Recent Articles on Just Security (Oct. 26-Nov. 1)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <h2>Israel-Iran Conflict</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104348/israel-strikes-against-iran/">Making Sense of International Law in Light of Israel and Iran&#8217;s Latest Round of &#8220;Retaliation&#8221;</a><br /> by Eliav Lieblich (<a href="https://x.com/eliavl">@eliavl</a>)</li> </ul> <h2>India / Transnational Repression</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104416/congress-protect-americans-transnational-repression/"> Congress Should Protect Americans from Transnational Repression</a><br /> by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ahmedrasheed/">Rasheed Ahmed</a></li> </ul> <h2>Symposium: National Security Constitution in the 21st Century</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104255/frictionless-government-national-security-constitution/">Frictionless Government and the National Security Constitution</a><br /> by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/deeksashley/">Ashley Deeks</a> and Kristen Eichensehr (<a href="https://x.com/K_Eichensehr">@K_Eichensehr</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104502/presidential-power-treaties-mirror-principle/">Presidential Power to Exit Treaties: Reflecting on the Mirror Principle</a><br /> by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/murphysean/">Sean Murphy</a> and Edward Swaine (<a href="https://x.com/edswaine?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor">@edswaine</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104496/withdrawal-international-agreements-tailored-out/">Withdrawal from International Agreements: Toward a &#8220;Tailored Out&#8221;</a><br /> by <a class="author url fn" title="Profile and articles by Catherine Amirfar" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/amirfarcatherine/" rel="author">Catherine Amirfar</a> and <a class="author url fn" title="Profile and articles by Ashika Singh" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/singhashika/" rel="author">Ashika Singh</a></li> </ul> <h2>U.S. Presidential Elections</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104249/local-officials-election-certification-disinformation/">Local Officials Cannot Block Election Certification. But They Can Fuel Disinformation.</a><br /> by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/surianijoanna/">JoAnna Suriani</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104393/election-top-10-oct-29/">Top 10 Election Litigation Cases in 2024 Implicating the Rule of Law</a><br /> by Norman L. Eisen (<a href="https://x.com/NormEisen">@NormEisen</a>), Samara Angel (<a href="https://x.com/Samara_Angel_">@Samara_Angel</a>_) and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/booneclare/">Clare Boone</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104407/authoritarianism-plutocracy-press-freedom/">Rising Authoritarianism and Plutocracy Are a Dangerous Mix for Press Freedom</a><br /> by Rachel Kleinfeld (<a href="https://x.com/RachelKleinfeld">@RachelKleinfeld</a>)</li> </ul> <h2>Supreme Court</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104385/presumptive-privilege-trump-pence/"> Does a “Presumptive” Privilege Protect President Trump from Prosecution for Pressuring Pence? </a><br /> by <a class="author url fn" title="Profile and articles by Albert W. Alschuler" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/alschuleralbert/" rel="author">Albert W. Alschuler</a></li> </ul> <h2>Civilian Harm</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104451/pentagon-plan-protect-civilians-promises/"> Is The Pentagon’s Plan to Protect Civilians Living up to its Promises?</a><br /> by Madison Hunke (<a href="https://x.com/mhunke18">@mhunke18</a>)</li> </ul> <h2>Interpol / Reform</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104398/new-interpol-chief-abuses-reforms/">As Interpol Gets New Secretary General, What are the Risks of Abuses Over Reforms?</a><br /> by Ted R. Bromund (<a href="https://x.com/bromund">@Bromund</a>), <a class="author url fn" title="Profile and articles by Sandra Grossman" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/grossmansandra/" rel="author">Sandra Grossman</a> and Ilan Greenberg (<a href="https://x.com/eggopolis?lang=en">@eggopolis</a>)</li> </ul> <h2>Spyware</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104363/spyware-pall-mall-opportunities/"> Seizing the Moment: Opportunities to Regulate Spyware and the ‘Pall Mall Process’</a><br /> by Fionnuala Ní Aoláin (<a href="https://x.com/NiAolainF">@NiAolainF</a>) and <a class="author url fn" title="Profile and articles by Adriana Edmeades Jones" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/jonesedmeadesadriana/" rel="author">Adriana Edmeades Jones</a></li> </ul> <h2>Podcast: Democratic Backsliding</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104473/presidents-people-book-podcast/"> The Just Security Podcast: ‘The Presidents and the People’ Book Talk </a><br /> Tom Joscelyn (<a href="https://x.com/thomasjoscelyn?lang=en">@thomasjoscelyn</a>) interview with Corey Brettschneider (<a href="https://x.com/BrettschneiderC?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor">@BrettschneiderC</a>)</li> </ul> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104371/digest-of-recent-articles-on-just-security-oct-26-nov-1/">Digest of Recent Articles on Just Security (Oct. 26-Nov. 1)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> Content Weekly Recap Just Security Pentagon Will Send Additional Fighter Jets and Destroyers to Middle East https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/02/world/middleeast/israel-lebanon-iran-hezbollah.html NYT > United States Defense and Military Forces urn:uuid:4b035a63-0b5a-3632-b077-154cd4624f2f Sat, 02 Nov 2024 07:25:14 -0400 The deployment comes as concern grows that Iran may soon retaliate for Israeli strikes on its territory last month. Israel-Gaza War (2023- ) United States Defense and Military Forces Austin, Lloyd J III Khamenei, Ali Gaza Strip Lebanon Middle East United States Tel Aviv (Israel) Iran Liam Stack PHOTO: Birds And Angels http://www.strategypage.com/military_photos/military_photos_2024110215151.aspx StrategyPage.com urn:uuid:e197b382-564a-22ef-873b-4d83417f57c6 Fri, 01 Nov 2024 21:51:51 -0400 LEADERSHIP: American Taiwan Alliance http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htlead/articles/202411020754.aspx StrategyPage.com urn:uuid:d643da6f-89e7-5420-e73e-56e9475d8b46 Fri, 01 Nov 2024 20:07:54 -0400 AIR WEAPONS: Drones Raid Northern Russia http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htairw/articles/202411020515.aspx StrategyPage.com urn:uuid:0d3348f5-39fe-87af-07e5-32eb16f7d040 Fri, 01 Nov 2024 20:05:15 -0400 U.S. Spy Agencies Issue New Warning on Russia’s Election Misinformation Campaign https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/01/us/politics/russia-election-misinformation.html NYT > Federal Bureau of Investigation urn:uuid:1b4d48b9-2e38-9493-e12d-84627cd4f38c Fri, 01 Nov 2024 19:34:35 -0400 Three recent videos have sought to undermine confidence in the security of the vote. Presidential Election of 2024 Rumors and Misinformation Russia Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Federal Bureau of Investigation Office of the Director of National Intelligence Microsoft Corp Cyberwarfare and Defense Espionage and Intelligence Services Video Recordings, Downloads and Streaming Harris, Kamala D Trump, Donald J United States International Relations United States Politics and Government Storm-1516 vis-video Julian E. Barnes, Steven Lee Myers and Arijeta Lajka Defense One Radio, Ep. 165: Mark Montgomery’s insights from Ukraine https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2024/11/defense-one-radio-ep-165-mark-montgomergys-insights-ukraine/400752/ Defense One - All Content urn:uuid:61a0c934-54c6-6636-fd41-240f5c501a11 Fri, 01 Nov 2024 17:01:46 -0400 A retired U.S. admiral shares what he learned from a recent trip to the wartorn country. Threats Ben Watson New solid-rocket maker aims to start production next year https://www.defenseone.com/business/2024/11/new-solid-rocket-maker-aims-start-production-next-year/400758/ Defense One - All Content urn:uuid:8a68a32c-3115-d7ea-098d-cf9fdb9118e3 Fri, 01 Nov 2024 15:53:04 -0400 Ursa Major says 3D printing will help deliver missile motors more quickly and cheaply than today’s players. Business Audrey Decker The Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Higgins (DDG 76) launches a standard missile 2 (SM-2) from the forward vertical launching system while operating in the Philippine Sea, April 5, 2024. U.S. Navy / Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Hannah Fry ‘Every single American’ a target of election interference, former DHS official says https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2024/11/every-single-american-target-election-interference-former-dhs-official-says/400761/ Defense One - All Content urn:uuid:808b7305-9aa3-47eb-d5eb-35b890558bd2 Fri, 01 Nov 2024 15:00:00 -0400 Adversaries have heavily accelerated efforts to sway the outcome of next week’s presidential election. Threats David DiMolfetta wildpixel / Getty Images Lewis Sorley, 90, Who Said the U.S. Won (but Then Lost) in Vietnam, Dies https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/30/books/lewis-sorley-dead.html NYT > United States Defense and Military Forces urn:uuid:67b0ae75-b303-490a-2e44-c80aa735b992 Fri, 01 Nov 2024 14:14:48 -0400 His Pulitzer Prize-nominated history of the war was warmly received by the Pentagon but rejected elsewhere for ignoring what many said made the war “unwinnable.” Sorley, Lewis Deaths (Obituaries) Books and Literature Vietnam War United States International Relations United States Defense and Military Forces History (Academic Subject) Better War, A (Book) Central Intelligence Agency Vietnam Adam Nossiter Soldier Charged in Death of Fort Leonard Wood Sergeant https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/31/us/army-murder-charge-fort-leonard-wood.html United States Defense and Military Forces urn:uuid:d282c3f7-30cf-35ea-72e5-80fea9178be8 Fri, 01 Nov 2024 11:40:10 -0400 The soldier, Wooster Rancy, 21, who served in the same military unit as Sergeant Sarah Roque at Fort Leonard Wood, Mo., has been arrested in her Oct. 20 killing. United States Defense and Military Forces United States Army Roque, Sarah (d 2024) Fort Leonard Wood (Mo) Sara Ruberg The D Brief: Russia’s foreign-made drones; Ukraine’s EW-hardened drones; China’s $50B littoral buildup; US soldiers rescue sailors at sea; And just a bit more. https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2024/11/the-d-brief-november-01-2024/400744/ Defense One - All Content urn:uuid:fef8e2fb-a2f7-d0f1-b44b-ab08c1101b87 Fri, 01 Nov 2024 11:28:33 -0400 Threats Ben Watson and Bradley Peniston Withdrawal from International Agreements: Toward a “Tailored Out” https://www.justsecurity.org/104496/withdrawal-international-agreements-tailored-out/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=withdrawal-international-agreements-tailored-out Just Security urn:uuid:c1422167-fb3c-8b6e-7794-f4b1052b42bc Fri, 01 Nov 2024 09:08:00 -0400 <p>The practical and political stakes of this admittedly esoteric question of constitutional law are high, implicating as it does the effectiveness of the United States’ engagement and credibility with the international community, as well as promotion of consistency in U.S. foreign policy.</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104496/withdrawal-international-agreements-tailored-out/">Withdrawal from International Agreements: Toward a “Tailored Out”</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <p><em>Editor’s note: This article is part of the Just Security </em><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104281/symposium-harold-hongju-koh-national-security-constitution/"><em>Symposium on Harold Hongju Koh’s “The National Security Constitution in the 21st Century”</em></a><em>.</em></p> <p><em>The authors would like to thank Taylor Booth and Marta Canneri, associates at Debevoise &amp; Plimpton LLP, for their invaluable research assistance.</em></p> <p>In his new book, <em>The National Security Constitution in the 21<sup>st</sup> Century</em>, Professor Harold Hongju Koh <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/99994/americas-national-security-threat/">sets out</a> two competing visions under the U.S. Constitution when it comes to the role of the branches of the U.S. government in the conduct of America’s foreign policy. On the one hand, balanced institutional participation among the three branches of government; on the other, a unilateralist Executive as the sole organ responsible for foreign affairs. Koh <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/99994/americas-national-security-threat/">argues persuasively</a> that the scales in recent years have tipped too far towards unfettered Executive unilateralism, in the face of a gridlocked legislature and a <em>laissez-faire</em> judiciary. Koh goes through the potentially serious reverberations of such unilateralism across a range of different issues, but we focus here on one that we have addressed before: the constitutional considerations in the “<a href="https://journals.law.harvard.edu/ilj/wp-content/uploads/sites/84/HLI201_crop-1.pdf">unmaking</a>” <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/73118/good-governance-papers-no-12-treaty-withdrawals/">of international agreements</a>.</p> <p>Whatever the debate may be regarding its contours, the U.S. Constitution explicitly requires some form of congressional participation for the United States to enter into most treaties and other binding international agreements (other than those that fall squarely within the president’s independent authorities over foreign relations). When it comes to how to exit such agreements, however, the U.S. Constitution is entirely silent. The practice in the last 20 years has trended—some might say aggressively so—toward Executive unilateralism in withdrawing from international agreements. And as we have <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/73118/good-governance-papers-no-12-treaty-withdrawals/">previously argued</a>, an assumed and unconstrained right of unilateral presidential withdrawal is <a href="https://journals.law.harvard.edu/ilj/wp-content/uploads/sites/84/HLI201_crop-1.pdf">problematic</a> under constitutional law and in addition, destabilizing to international relationships.</p> <p>One of the suggested structural solutions to the rise of Executive unilateralism is captured in what Koh refers to, and has <a href="https://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/Koh_iazormj1.pdf">previously referred</a> to, as a “mirror principle” approach to withdrawal, which generally “requires for exit only the same degree of legislative participation as was required for entry.” We agree, but with some friendly modifications that we call a “tailored out” approach, which seeks to build in critical flexibility to address situations where the same level of congressional participation upon both entry and exit is unnecessary, impractical, or even unconstitutional. This approach adjusts as appropriate to the text and subject matter of the treaty or international agreement in question, considered in light of Justice Robert Jackson’s framework for scoping presidential powers in his <a href="https://casetext.com/case/youngstown-co-v-sawyer"><em>Youngstown</em></a> concurrence. Only then, as we detail below, can a new and more robust approach be grounded in a rigorous constitutionalism while simultaneously preserving flexibility to address the myriad different situations that may arise in practice.</p> <h2><strong>Toward a New Approach to Withdrawal from International Agreements: A “Tailored Out”</strong></h2> <p>The question of how to handle withdrawal from international agreements is not a new one. In <em>Goldwater v. Carter</em>, the Supreme Court faced the question whether President Jimmy Carter’s unilateral termination of a mutual defense treaty with Taiwan without congressional approval was constitutionally permitted. While the Court <a href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/444/996/">declined to resolve</a> the issue as a non-justiciable political question, the situation prompted a flurry of scholarship and policy recommendations on alternative legal approaches to unilateral Executive withdrawal. Most notably, in 1979 the Senate Foreign Relations Committee proposed a resolution that would require congressional approval to terminate or suspend treaties except in certain specified circumstances, such as where material breach or other factors would give rise to a right of termination under international law. That resolution ultimately did not progress, but the underlying debate persists to this day.</p> <p>When it comes to agreement making and breaking, we agree with Koh’s position that both “the degree of congressional approval” of the agreement in question as well as “the constitutional allocation of institutional authority over the subject matter at issue” must be considered. As we have <a href="https://journals.law.harvard.edu/ilj/wp-content/uploads/sites/84/HLI201_crop-1.pdf">argued</a>, the President’s power to withdraw from international agreements exists on a continuum, like any presidential power. This reflects Jackson’s famous approach in <em>Youngstown </em>that presidential powers “are not fixed but fluctuate, depending upon their disjunction or conjunction with those of Congress.”</p> <p>There is intuitive appeal to the clarity of the “mirror principle” for withdrawal, as it provides important certainty about the degree of legislative participation required: exit would “mirror” that of entry. Yet as Oona Hathaway’s <a href="https://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/689_s63kxg7m.pdf">meticulous scholarship</a> has demonstrated, there is often no constitutionally sound rhyme or reason as to whether a particular agreement is entered into as: an Article II treaty, requiring the advice and consent of two-thirds of the Senate; a congressional-executive agreement, with either <em>ex ante</em> or <em>ex post</em> approval by a simple majority of both houses of Congress; or a sole executive agreement. The latter category is particularly dynamic, as it can be based on creative arguments regarding the scope of the president’s delegated or plenary powers.</p> <p>To account for the various (and at times, arbitrary) manners in which the level of congressional participation may have been decided upon entry, our proposed “tailored out” approach is grounded in the subject matter of the treaty or international agreement in question in a more nuanced fashion driven by the context and circumstance in which the question arises. While Koh proposes recognizing the Executive’s authority to suspend agreements for a limited time in situations of “<em>bona fide</em> emergency,” we query whether every situation where the United States may need to act quickly to withdraw would rise to that very high threshold.</p> <h2><strong>The “Tailored Out” in Action</strong></h2> <p>Take, for example, the context of extradition agreements. These agreements are generally entered into as Article II treaties, meaning that approval of two-thirds of the Senate was required for “entry.” But extradition is a paradigmatic example of a subject matter where the Executive is entrusted under the constitutional system with independent authority over foreign affairs. Under the <em>Youngstown</em> framework—and as <a href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/576/1/#tab-opinion-3417073">reiterated</a> by the Supreme Court in <em>Zivotofsky v. Kerry</em>—to determine the scope of presidential powers, “the Court examines the Constitution’s text and structure, as well as precedent and history bearing on the question.” On that basis, the Supreme Court determined that in the field of diplomatic recognition, the Executive’s power starts with the Reception Clause in the Constitution, includes the president’s additional Article II powers to negotiate treaties and to nominate the nation’s ambassadors and dispatch other diplomatic agents, but also encompasses “functional” considerations such as the necessity for the United States to speak with “one voice” in international relations. Importantly, in coming to these conclusions, the Supreme Court noted that “[t]hough ratifying a treaty and confirming an ambassador require congressional approval, Congress lacks authority to initiate the actions without the President’s involvement.”</p> <p>Of course, <em>Zivotofsky</em> did not deal with treaty withdrawal, but the underlying logic resonates here. So, for example, in the context of extradition, there is similarly a consistent assertion of Executive power as a matter of determining diplomatic relations with a foreign State, including an imperative to move quickly and with one voice. Thus, in contexts such as extradition, where the agreement may have been entered into as an Article II treaty but its subject matter does not fall within Congress’s sole authority, there is no good constitutional or practical reason to force an “out” that is the same as the “in.”</p> <p>Take for another example the context of international trade agreements. Such agreements are typically entered into as congressional-executive agreements. Trade agreements tend to contain explicit withdrawal clauses, which may not require active congressional engagement to exit: this is less of a “mirroring” and more an exercise of adhering to the explicit text of the agreement. For example, in the U.S.-Mexico-Canada (USMCA) Trade Agreement, the withdrawal provision <a href="https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/files/agreements/FTA/USMCA/Text/34_Final_Provisions.pdf">specifies</a> that a party may withdraw “by providing written notice of withdrawal to the other Parties,” a step that the Executive plainly can take on the international plane without prior recourse to Congress. It is also the case that at least some congressional-executive trade agreements contemplate an ongoing role for Congress in their implementing legislation beyond express withdrawal provisions in the text of the agreement. For example, the implementing legislation for the agreement establishing the World Trade Organization <a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-103hr5110enr/pdf/BILLS-103hr5110enr.pdf">provides</a> an opportunity for Congress to vote on withdrawal every five years. In those instances, the “tailored out” approach would account for Congress’s exercise of its constitutional powers over international commerce in approving any withdrawal procedure in advance when authorizing the agreement, even if that procedure provides for an “out” that does not “mirror” the “in.” Again, this is not by virtue of the application of a bright-line rule, but rather a more nuanced assessment of the text and subject matter of a particular international agreement, considered in light of the <em>Youngstown</em> framework.</p> <p>One benefit to this approach is that it still promotes restraint on Executive authority in “borderline” or otherwise controversial instances of unilateral Executive withdrawal, the prevention of which is an animating concern in Koh’s analysis. Take for example the congressional criticism around a <a href="https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2023/march/united-states-and-japan-sign-critical-minerals-agreement">recent trade agreement</a> between the United States and Japan concerning critical minerals, which was concluded by the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) without congressional approval, <a href="https://www.finance.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2023%20SFC%20Trade%20Agenda%20Hearing%20QFRs%20FINAL.pdf">reportedly</a> under delegated authorities contained in the USTR’s authorizing statute. A “mirror principle” would suggest the constitutionality of unilateral Executive withdrawal in that circumstance. But some members of Congress have criticized the agreement, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/28/business/economy/us-japan-battery-trade-deal.html">arguing</a> based on the Commerce Clause that the Executive does not have the authority to unilaterally enter into free trade agreements as a subject matter category. The “tailored out” approach would allow for more bespoke consideration of these particular instances, in support of a fettered Executive authority when it comes to withdrawal.</p> <p>Consider also the Paris Agreement related to climate change, which Donald Trump has <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2024/06/28/trump-paris-climate-treaty-withdrawal-again-00165903">pledged to withdraw from</a>—for a <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-54797743">second time</a>—if elected in November. Though the Paris Agreement was not approved by the Senate as an Article II treaty or by Congress as a congressional-executive agreement, the Agreement broadly implicates Congress’s commerce powers and, as Koh has <a href="https://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/Koh_iazormj1.pdf">previously noted</a>, was “initiated by the executive with general congressional awareness and approval in a zone of congressional subject-matter authority based on a broader history of legislative authorization in a particular direction.” Indeed, the Paris Agreement, though nominally a sole executive agreement, was negotiated under the auspices of the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), an Article II treaty duly ratified with the advice and consent of the Senate. Further, there are no countervailing considerations that might weigh in favor of unilateral executive action, such as the need for a brisk exit or concerns about improper authorization. Accordingly, there is a strong basis for the point that Congress may not be excluded from the withdrawal process of the Paris Agreement, as an example of an agreement concluded with “considerable legislative input,” because doing so would impermissibly infringe upon congressional powers.</p> <p>While we have in the past framed the “tailored out” as an alternative to Koh’s “mirror principle,” both approaches take inspiration from Jackson’s concurrence in <em>Youngstown </em>and are better understood as complementary. Viewing the two approaches together could allow for a framework in which a starting or at least relevant point could be the means of the “in,” while also permitting the “exit” to take account of more nuanced, fact-driven assessments of the allocation of constitutional authorities in line with <em>Youngstown</em> as well as the functional considerations highlighted in <em>Zivotofsky</em>.</p> <h2><strong>Potential Congressional Reform </strong></h2> <p>As Koh rightly points out in his recent work, structural checks to executive unilateralism are needed. As we have <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/73118/good-governance-papers-no-12-treaty-withdrawals/">previously argued</a>, Congress can clarify its role in the “unmaking” of international agreements by (<em>i</em>) baking conditions and requirements for withdrawal explicitly into the congressional authorization for a given agreement (informed by the <em>Youngstown </em>formulation and other constitutional considerations), and (<em>ii</em>) enacting legislation to set out a process for withdrawing from certain critical agreements or categories of agreements that are already in force. The Executive can also update its policy guidance by outlining the proper procedure for withdrawal in the State Department <a href="https://fam.state.gov/FAM/11FAM/11FAM0720.html">Foreign Affairs Manual</a> (FAM).</p> <p>One recent example of such an approach in practice is Section 1250A of the 2023 National Defense Authorization Act, which expressly prohibits the President from withdrawing from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (“NATO”) or using any appropriated funds for that purpose without permission from Congress. As Scott Anderson has <a href="https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/what-congress-has-done-and-what-it-still-needs-to-do-to-protect-nato">covered in detail</a>, such a provision places any presidential withdrawal on the narrowest possible legal grounds and ensures that withdrawal would be scrutinized with caution by a reviewing court. As the <a href="https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_17120.htm">North Atlantic Treaty</a> is an Article II treaty adopted with two-thirds approval by the Senate, requiring congressional authorization for withdrawal places limitations on withdrawal that are consistent with the degree of authorization needed to enter the treaty. Such limits are also consistent with the subject matter of the treaty, which relates to the war powers shared between <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articlei#section8">Congress</a> and <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articleii#section2">the president</a>.</p> <h2><strong>Concluding Thoughts</strong></h2> <p>The question of presidential authority to withdraw from international agreements is of critical importance, especially in light of the upcoming 2024 presidential election. That election showcases a markedly different approach to the making and unmaking of international agreements between the two candidates. The previous Trump administration involved high-profile withdrawals and threats to withdraw from international agreements, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/72656/reengaging-on-treaties-and-other-international-agreements-part-i-president-donald-trumps-rejection-of-international-law/">including</a> numerous seminal agreements and organizations such as the Paris Agreement, the Trans-Pacific Partnership, UNESCO, the World Health Organization, NATO, and the WTO. Trump’s recent <a href="https://apnews.com/article/trump-backlash-nato-funding-russia-ukraine-796f245e06d1a0f314e3b4bfdb793cc0">public</a> <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2024/06/28/trump-paris-climate-treaty-withdrawal-again-00165903">statements</a> preview the potential for more withdrawals, for example regarding NATO, should his candidacy prevail. The practical and political stakes of this admittedly esoteric question of constitutional law are high, implicating as it does the effectiveness of the United States’ engagement and credibility with the international community, as well as promotion of consistency in U.S. foreign policy. Koh’s new book in this regard is an important and valuable charting of the potential path forward.</p> <h6><em>IMAGE: U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry speaks at the United Nations Signing Ceremony for the Paris Agreement climate change accord that came out of negotiations at the COP21 climate summit on April 22, 2016 in New York City. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images)</em></h6> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104496/withdrawal-international-agreements-tailored-out/">Withdrawal from International Agreements: Toward a “Tailored Out”</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> Congress Courts Democracy Executive National Security Treaties 2024 Presidential Election Books Constitution executive Executive Power Foreign Affairs Foreign Policy International Law national security NATO Presidential Powers Symposium on Harold Hongju Koh's 'The National Security Constitution' Catherine Amirfar Presidential Power to Exit Treaties: Reflecting on the Mirror Principle https://www.justsecurity.org/104502/presidential-power-treaties-mirror-principle/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=presidential-power-treaties-mirror-principle Just Security urn:uuid:2b77a587-5b41-232e-4f08-9b86f80d2a13 Fri, 01 Nov 2024 09:07:50 -0400 <p>On balance, a mirroring concept serves better as part of an aspiration for greater inter-branch cooperation in making and unmaking international agreements, rather than as a legally-enforceable rule.</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104502/presidential-power-treaties-mirror-principle/">Presidential Power to Exit Treaties: Reflecting on the Mirror Principle</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <p><em>Editor’s note: This article is part of the</em> Just Security <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104281/symposium-harold-hongju-koh-national-security-constitution/">Symposium on Harold Hongju Koh’s “The National Security Constitution in the 21st Century”</a>.</p> <p>Harold Hongju Koh is one of the most accomplished international and U.S. foreign relations lawyers of his generation. Since publishing his first book, <em>The National Security Constitution: After the Iran-Contra Affair</em> (1990), he has served as the Department of State’s Legal Adviser, among other posts, and as Dean and then as Sterling Professor of International Law at the Yale Law School; in addition, he has litigated some of the most important international and foreign relations law cases of our time. It is only natural to expect that these experiences, and other intervening developments, might have shaped his thinking, and we are fortunate that he has reexamined his first book’s topics in view of that experience, resulting in <em>The National Security Constitution in the 21<sup>st</sup> Century </em>(2024). Koh’s new book is required reading for anyone interested in how U.S. foreign relations law is practiced in the United States and, more importantly, how those practices might be sensibly revised.</p> <p>We focus here on one such practice, in which the president acts to withdraw the United States from international agreements. This issue was controversial when Koh first wrote and remains so—not least because, as Koh emphasizes (pp. 217-25), President Donald Trump withdrew from important agreements, such as the <a href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/avc/trty/102360.htm">1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty</a> and the <a href="https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/unesco/1945/en/41638">1945 UNESCO Constitution</a>, and threatened withdrawal from others, such as the <a href="https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_17120.htm">1949 North Atlantic Treaty</a> that created NATO. The merits of this issue were not resolved by the Supreme Court’s 1979 decision in <a href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/444/996/"><em>Goldwater v. Carter</em></a>, and Koh expresses misgivings about claims of presidential unilateralism that have flourished in its wake, including aspects of the position adopted in the <a href="https://www.ali.org/publications/show/foreign-relations-law-united-states/"><em>Restatement (Fourth) on the Foreign Relations Law of the United States</em></a> (on which one of us served as a co-reporter).</p> <p>To rectify matters, Koh urges adoption of a “‘mirror principle,’ whereby the degree of congressional approval needed to exit from an international agreement mirrors the degree of congressional approval needed to enter into that agreement in the first place” (p. 311). “[N]eeded” appears to mean either in theory or in practice, turning on “the <em>subject matter</em> of the agreement at issue and the <em>degree of congressional approval</em> involved in the entry into that agreement” (pp. 312-13; emphasis in original). The president would thus be disabled from acting unilaterally to withdraw from an agreement that the executive could not have made on its own (Koh gives the example of 1994 <a href="https://www.italaw.com/sites/default/files/laws/italaw6187%2814%29.pdf">NAFTA</a>) or, regardless of what might be constitutionally permissible, from an agreement that actually was made in the form of a congressional-executive agreement or treaty. Perhaps stretching the concept of “mirror” a bit, Koh maintains that even some international agreements that at the outset <em>lacked</em> formal congressional approval, like the <a href="https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/paris-agreement">2015 Paris climate accord</a> or the <a href="https://perma.cc/U7WT-9VQ7">2015 Iran nuclear deal</a>, would by virtue of “legitimate congressional expectations” be removed from those the president could act unilaterally to exit (p. 313). Koh accepts that sometimes political exigencies may require a “quick divorce,” but favors only a presidential power to unilaterally <em>suspend</em> the agreement, thereafter securing whatever approval for termination a mirroring principle requires (pp. 221-22, 314-15).</p> <p>As Koh recognizes, the U.S. Constitution’s text neither requires nor forecloses this “mirror” approach. The Constitution specifies how “treaties” are made (Article II, § 2), but says nothing about how other international agreements are made, and is entirely silent on the issue of exit. If one considers the constitutional drafting and ratification history, one finds an emphasis on the status of treaties as “supreme law of the land” (as Koh stresses, p. 222), but also finds a strong desire for the U.S. government to act in relation to treaties through the president with uniformity and dispatch, and finds no evidence of a “mirror” concept. Post-ratification practice does not embrace a “mirror approach.” We are aware of no case that ultimately reached such a conclusion (nor does Koh cite to one). The foundation of the modern controversy, President Jimmy Carter’s abrogation of the <a href="https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/chin001.asp">1954 U.S.-Taiwan Mutual Defense Treaty</a>, received real pushback in the form of litigation by some congressional members, but no formal action by the Senate or Congress as a whole in opposition. Something similar happened in 2002, when President George W. Bush withdrew from the <a href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/avc/trty/101888.htm">1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty</a>, which only resulted in an (equally unsuccessful) <a href="https://casetext.com/case/kucinich-v-bush">lawsuit by some members</a>. In the <em>Goldwater</em> litigation, the <a href="https://casetext.com/case/goldwater-v-carter-2">D.C. Circuit</a>—in a decision vacated, of course, by the Supreme Court—directly rejected mirroring, either as a description of historical practice or as an appropriate judicial rule. In approximately two dozen instances since then, the president has acted unilaterally to withdraw from international agreements of all types, without formal congressional opposition. To this might be added the Senate’s repeated consent to treaties (and Congress’ repeated consent to congressional-executive agreements) that contain articles specifically allowing for termination or withdrawal by a party (such as the Taiwan and ABM treaties), without any condition that the Senate (or Congress) be involved in such a decision. It is important to acknowledge, as Koh stresses (pp. 219-20), that congressional failure to act does not necessarily mean constitutional acquiescence, but none of the institutions involved seem committed to a “mirror” rule. It remains the case, just as the D.C. Circuit <em>Goldwater</em> majority said, that “in no situation has a treaty been continued in force over the opposition of the President.”</p> <p>As such, we are hesitant about the strong claim that “U.S. constitutional jurisprudence has long acknowledged that withdrawing from international agreements should be dictated by a mirror principle” (p. 312). The last-in-time rule, holding that conflicts between a statute and a treaty should be resolved in favor the later-in-time instrument, which Koh invokes to support his mirror principle (p. 312), itself suggests a warp in any mirror. Under that rule, the Senate and president may, through a treaty, supersede a statute previously enacted by Congress as a whole; the statute need not be repealed by Congress. Likewise, a congressional majority (or supermajority, if overriding a veto) may supersede a treaty previously approved by two-thirds of the Senate; exit from the treaty need not be consented to by a Senate supermajority. Given the perceived equivalence for this purpose of treaties and statutes, Koh is correct (p. 312) that it is somewhat anomalous to allow the president to repeal the “law of the land” when it is in the form of a treaty but not in the form of a statute. But the treaty process itself is anomalous as compared with the statutory process. And, in any event, the last-in-time rule simply does not address the question of when, or by whom, a valid source of law may be terminated (for example, the rule does not preclude a court from striking down a statute). We tend to agree with Koh (p. 312) and others, like <a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2201322">Kristen Eichensehr</a>, that presidential authority over appointments is not precisely comparable to the issue of terminating international agreements, but presidential authority in relation to treaties and other agreements is distinct from the presidential role in legislation as well.</p> <p>Should we embrace a mirroring principle nonetheless? Koh’s argument is addressed not just to the courts but also to executive branch officials, who can chart such a course even if they strenuously resist its enforcement by the judiciary. There may be much greater consensus here. First, everyone apparently agrees that the executive branch can unilaterally terminate an agreement when Article II powers were the sole, and a constitutionally sufficient, basis for entering into it.</p> <p>Second, although Koh does not directly address the issue, there may be consensus that the president can unilaterally terminate an agreement if he or she determines that the agreement has ceased to be binding on the United States as a matter of international law, such as due to another state’s conduct (e.g., material breach), due to circumstances such as force majeure or impossibility, due to <a href="https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/commentaries/1_10_2011.pdf">the effects of armed conflict</a>, or due to a superseding later-in-time treaty or rule of customary international law. Likewise, there may be consensus that the president can unilaterally terminate an agreement that is no longer consistent with U.S. law, such as due to the adoption of a subsequent statute that is flatly inconsistent with the agreement. In all such instances, unilateral presidential termination appears fully consistent with the Constitution, including the president’s obligation to take care that the law be faithfully executed.</p> <p>Beyond these circumstances, situations of exit are not best resolved through a single principle but, rather, a more fact-sensitive approach. The issue has not been joined, but Koh and the <em>Restatement (Fourth)</em> both suggest that Congress or the Senate might limit presidential termination, at least when they indicate as much in authorizing the agreement, if not through a later statute (<a href="https://casetext.com/statute/united-states-code/title-22-foreign-relations-and-intercourse/chapter-24-mutual-security-program/subchapter-iii-economic-assistance/part-d-special-assistance-and-other-programs/section-1928f-limitation-on-withdrawal-from-the-north-atlantic-treaty-organization">as was done</a> in relation to potential withdrawal from the North Atlantic Treaty). Possibly, Congress or the Senate might register such limitations implicitly, though it is highly likely that there would be debates about whether that has happened. If the executive ever acted in disregard of such limits, that would appear to establish a conflict falling into Justice Robert Jackson’s third <a href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/343/579/"><em>Youngstown</em></a> category—in which the president acts in a matter incompatible with the express or implied congressional will—which is quite unfriendly to presidential authority. Further, it would likely create problems for the executive in securing future consent from Congress for new international agreements. Conversely, Congress or the Senate might authorize unilateral presidential termination, in which case such termination should not require mirroring at the point of exit.</p> <p>The most common situation is when Congress or the Senate is silent when approving an agreement. Often the agreement will contain a termination clause, as was invoked by Carter when terminating the Taiwan treaty and debated in the <em>Goldwater </em>litigation. If viewed as an explicit or implicit delegation to the president of a power to terminate unilaterally, then this situation would fall into Jackson’s second category (in which the president acts absent either a congressional grant or a denial of authority, permitting some capacity to act independently) at worst or his first category (in which the president acts with express or implied congressional authorization, putting executive authority at its maximum) at best. Most recent presidential terminations (the ABM treaty, the Paris climate accord, the INF treaty) have in fact been effectuated by the president pursuant to a termination clause in the agreement. Some agreements do not contain a termination clause—the <a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/full-text">U.N. Charter</a> or the <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a> being examples. Here the president cannot rely on any explicit or implicit delegation based on a termination clause, but perhaps can do so based on the international law of treaties, of which Congress and the Senate are aware. Under that law, there is essentially a presumption (reflected in Article 56 of the <a href="https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/1_1_1969.pdf">Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties</a>) that a party cannot withdraw unless it can be established that the parties intended to admit the possibility of such withdrawal or it can be implied from the nature of the treaty. That presumption might place unilateral presidential termination in Jackson’s third category, while successful invocation by the president of the exceptions might place it in either the first or second categories.</p> <p>For all cases in which the president is acting consistent with a treaty termination clause or with background rules found in the law of treaties, we think it is best to avoid describing such termination as “agreement breaking” (Koh’s term), since the proposition in question is how the United States, as a matter of U.S. law, may exit from an agreement when doing so is in full compliance with international law.</p> <p>As a practical matter, the mirroring principle would shift focus from termination proper to whether the underlying agreement formally involved congressional or Senate approval, or generated congressional “expectations” of some kind. If the ideal outcome is greater inter-branch cooperation in making international agreements, we are wary of a principle that tends to discourage such cooperation at the outset—in effect, telling the executive branch that if it secures legislative authorization or other support to bolster the legal or political grounds for entering into an agreement, the executive will be encumbering its ability to terminate that agreement. At present, there is some beneficial “play in the joints” (p. 331) for agreement-making. Whether an agreement falls outside the president’s unilateral capacity, and instead involves congressional subject-matter authority or requires Senate approval as an Article II treaty, is sometimes unresolved when the United States enters into an agreement—not least because of disagreement about whether there is implicit legislative authorization of some kind. A mirroring principle might reduce such flexibility, perhaps ultimately encouraging the president to make increasingly aggressive claims that he or she can go it alone when making international agreements. Moreover, if that issue has to be resolved whenever the president decides to terminate unilaterally, even when Congress raises no objection to such termination decision, it might lead to distracting doubts in the United States and abroad about whether the agreement was lawful in the first place.</p> <p>On balance, a mirroring concept serves better as part of an aspiration for greater inter-branch cooperation in making and unmaking international agreements, rather than as a legally-enforceable rule. Prevailing law and practice is far more differentiated and fact-sensitive on this issue—a conclusion we think is quite consistent with Koh’s overall, compelling objective of avoiding a rigid rule whereby the president can always terminate agreements unilaterally.</p> <h6><em>IMAGE: The Harry S. Truman Federal Building, headquarters of the U.S. Department of State, is pictured on October 08, 2024 in Washington, DC. (Photo by Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images)</em></h6> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104502/presidential-power-treaties-mirror-principle/">Presidential Power to Exit Treaties: Reflecting on the Mirror Principle</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> Congress Courts Democracy Diplomacy Election Executive Treaties Books executive Executive Power Foreign Affairs Foreign Policy International Law Presidential Powers Symposium on Harold Hongju Koh's 'The National Security Constitution' Sean Murphy As Interpol Gets New Secretary General, What are the Risks of Abuses Over Reforms? https://www.justsecurity.org/104398/new-interpol-chief-abuses-reforms/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=new-interpol-chief-abuses-reforms Just Security urn:uuid:218f6610-71d4-bea3-4e72-724cf32ac4e4 Fri, 01 Nov 2024 08:55:02 -0400 <p>Interpol's General Assembly will formally elect a new operational head from Brazil amid growing political and legal challenges.</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104398/new-interpol-chief-abuses-reforms/">As Interpol Gets New Secretary General, What are the Risks of Abuses Over Reforms?</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <p>Interpol’s supreme governing body, the General Assembly, will formally elect the organization’s new secretary general at its next meeting Nov. 4-7 in Glasgow, Scotland. The incoming secretary general, who is responsible for Interpol’s day-to-day operations, should be prepared to advance a reform agenda, because while the improvements Interpol has made to its institutions and procedures over the past eight years are significant, they are insufficient. If the new secretary general does not support further reforms, Interpol will continue to face significant and growing political and legal challenges.</p> <p>Interpol is the foremost mechanism for cooperation among police organizations around the world, and the secretary general is Interpol’s most important operational figure. While its president is the organization’s leader (that position currently is held by Major General Ahmed Nasser al-Raisi of the United Arab Emirates, who has been under <a href="https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220511-france-opens-case-against-interpol-president-over-uae-torture-allegations">investigation</a> in France for torture and arbitrary detention), the secretary general is responsible for how Interpol is staffed and how it works. That position is currently held by Jürgen Stock of Germany, who has served the two consecutive five-year terms he is allowed by Interpol’s rules.</p> <p>Stock was elected in 2014 to bring greater stability to Interpol after the tenure of Ronald Noble of the United States, who brought Interpol’s technology into the modern era but showed little interest in ensuring the organization upheld its rules against political abuse. Furthermore, that very technology made abuses <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/20/world/europe/interpol-strongmen-abuse.html">even easier and more effective</a>. Stock’s mandate, therefore, was to advance organizational reforms that would keep Noble’s improvements while remedying Interpol’s defects.</p> <p>The past 10 years have indeed brought significant reforms. The most important change was to the Commission for the Control of Interpol’s Files (CCF), Interpol’s appellate and advisory body, which was comprehensively revamped in 2017. Stock also drove the creation of the <a href="https://www.interpol.int/en/How-we-work/Notices/Compliance-and-review">Notices and Diffusions Task Force</a> (NDTF), which screens Red Notices prior to publication, ended Interpol’s problematic reliance on private-sector donations, and (belatedly) pushed through a desperately needed increase in national dues and ended Interpol’s relationship with the <a href="https://www.rednoticemonitor.com/post/the-disbandment-of-the-interpol-foundation-for-a-safer-world">controversial and largely unsuccessful</a> Interpol Foundation. Finally, Interpol has become more transparent and now publishes a comprehensive budget, select CCF decision excerpts (though they are heavily redacted – and more on that later), and some statistics on the work of the NDTF.</p> <p>Interpol did not take these steps out of the goodness of its heart. It took them because the political and legal risks of Interpol abuse had become so severe that they threatened the future of the organization. The risks Interpol was facing were illustrated by the little-known but significant financial compensation Interpol paid in the “<a href="https://www.heritage.org/global-politics/report/interpol-needs-improved-financial-transparency-restore-its-integrity-and">Red Notice</a>” case in 2015, which concerned Indonesian nationals who were subject to an abusive Indonesian Red Notice and filed a case at the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) in The Hague that Interpol ultimately settled.</p> <p>But abuse in the Interpol system never stops evolving: the reforms of yesterday will always be subject to evasion by clever and abusive regimes. Moreover, since the mid-2010s, abuse of the Interpol system has increasingly become part of the broader problem of transnational repression, shining a brighter spotlight on these abuses. The pressure, therefore, is on the new secretary general to continue to advance a reform agenda, both to close the holes that Stock did not address and to meet the new challenges that are fundamentally caused by the ongoing desire of Interpol’s more autocratic member States to find new ways to abuse and manipulate it.</p> <p>When the Interpol General Assembly meets, it will have before it a recommendation from Interpol’s 13-member Executive Committee to name Valdecy Urquiza of Brazil as the new secretary general. The General Assembly is free to reject this recommendation, but there is no likelihood it will do so. <a href="https://apnews.com/article/interpol-valdecy-urquiza-jurgen-stock-police-lyon-4e82d3aa50f8429cd1001c21e5667278">Urquiza won the committee’s recommendation</a> by 8-2 over Stephen Kavanagh of the United Kingdom (both Brazil and the U.K., which held seats on the committee, abstained from its vote), with Mubita Nawa from Zambia receiving one vote.</p> <p>Kavanagh’s defeat was not a shock – the <a href="https://www.heritage.org/global-politics/commentary/interpol-elections-the-autocracies-take-control">democracies have been in a minority</a> on the committee since 2021 – but the margin of his loss was a surprise. As executive director for police services at Interpol – its second-highest-ranking position – and with a long background in U.K. policing, Kavanagh ran what appeared to be an effective campaign with strong support from the U.K. government that focused on the challenges that international organized crime poses for Interpol.</p> <p>Judging from who had votes on <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/historic-shift-interpol-latin-america-leads-konstantina-zivla-w8w6f/">Interpol’s Executive Committee</a>, Urquiza, by contrast, likely received support from Turkey, the People’s Republic of China, Egypt, India, Nigeria, and the UAE, all known Interpol abusers. He ran on <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/brazils-candidate-head-interpol-says-time-non-western-leader-2024-02-05/">two themes</a>: the purported need to diversify its leadership by electing a representative from the Global South, which he asserted would improve global cooperation with the organization, and the <a href="https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2024-06-25/brazilian-to-become-first-head-of-interpol-from-developing-world">need</a> for Interpol to serve all its members and avoid politics.</p> <p>The latter appeal sounds like Urquiza wants to make a stand against the political abuse of Interpol, but it actually means nothing of the sort. In Interpol’s language, serving all member countries and avoiding politics means that efforts like the Anglo-American campaign to suspend Russia after its 2022 full-scale invasion of Ukraine are divisive, political, and bad, whereas keeping Russia, China, and other notorious abusers inside the Interpol system is inclusive, apolitical, and good. The fact that <a href="https://www.rednoticemonitor.com/post/the-runners-and-riders-in-the-race-to-become-interpol-s-next-general-secretary">Urquiza made a visit to Beijing</a> and then apparently secured the PRC’s vote on the Executive Committee is telling and ominous.</p> <p>So the fate of Interpol’s reform agenda is very much in doubt. If Urquiza wishes to stymie reform – and his plans, of course, have yet to be revealed, though it is disappointing that his active, public campaign revealed almost nothing about his agenda – he will not be able to do so immediately or without constraint. He will work under the direction of the Executive Committee and within the existing budget, and will be bound by Interpol’s existing staff contracts. It will take time to steer Interpol, for good or for ill, in any direction, and the results of any changes Urquiza makes will take years to manifest in cases of abuse or legal challenges.</p> <p>But for precisely the same reasons that drove the election of the departing Jürgen Stock, Interpol cannot afford to give up on reform. It cannot risk, politically, legally, and ultimately financially, suffering a sustained run of bad headlines or legal defeats. While Interpol’s legal position in the United States rests on the seemingly strong foundation of the International Organizations Immunities Act, which makes it difficult to sue Interpol successfully in the United States, in Europe it is vulnerable to challenges based on what the European Court of Human Rights or the European Court of Justice might decide are inadequate Interpol remedies for its faulty decisions or abusive acts.</p> <p>An effective Interpol reform agenda would include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Expanding the work, improving the transparency, and increasing the powers of the CCF</strong></li> </ul> <p>The Commission for the Control of Interpol’s Files is a far more effective and serious body than it was a decade ago. The decisions it produces are now often models of careful legal analysis and argumentation, a fact that brings great credit to its commissioners, and in particular, to Teresa McHenry of the United States who chairs the CCF. But the fact remains that the CCF is drowning in work. It meets only four times a year for sessions of five days, yet in <a href="https://www.interpol.int/en/content/download/18398/file/CCF%20Annual%20Report%20for%202021-ENG.pdf">2021</a> – the last year for which information is publicly available – it received 1,417 new requests from individuals seeking its assistance and finalized 1,597 cases. In 2023, the CCF received 2,790 new requests. This is a crushing workload for both the commissioners making the decisions and the approximately 12 staff members who have to prepare submissions for the commissioners to consider.</p> <p>The CCF should become a full-time body, meeting continuously throughout the year, with a substantially expanded staff to support it. This will require a significant increase in the CCF’s budget. Unfortunately, spending money on the CCF is simply not a priority for Interpol: a <a href="https://www.heritage.org/global-politics/report/interpol-needs-improved-financial-transparency-restore-its-integrity-and">2022 budget</a> obtained by one of us (Bromund) showed that Interpol planned to spend only an additional 1.647 million Euros annually of a requested increase in statutory contributions (i.e. national dues) of 22 million Euros annually on enhancing the screening of its notices, and a paltry additional 150,000 Euros on improving CCF governance.</p> <p>The CCF does not just need more money, more staff, and more time to work. It also needs to be more transparent. The CCF <a href="https://www.interpol.int/en/Resources/Documents#Publications"><em>Annual Report</em> for 2022</a> has yet to be published. The CCF’s decision in 2017 to start publishing decision excerpts was commendable, but these <a href="https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Commission-for-the-Control-of-INTERPOL-s-Files-CCF/CCF-sessions-and-decisions">excerpts</a> are few in number and so heavily redacted as to be of limited use. The CCF has abandoned its former practice of identifying the countries that were the source of the greatest number of requests received: that practice should be resumed. The CCF and Interpol’s General Secretariat should together publish an undated guide to their understanding and application of Interpol’s Article 3 (which bans political abuse); the last such <a href="https://www.interpol.int/en/content/download/12626/file/article-3-ENG-february-2013.pdf?inLanguage=eng-GB&amp;version=4">guide</a>, published in 2013, is completely out of date. They should also publish a guide to Article 2 (which mandates that Interpol respect the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, or UDHR); this guide has been promised for a decade without result.</p> <p>Finally, the CCF should be mandated by the General Assembly to be stricter about deadlines. In theory, applicants are owed a CCF response within nine months after the CCF accepts a case, but in practice, and in the experience of one of us (Grossman), this deadline too often drifts by without a decision or a formal notification of delay. The abusive States have also caught on to the fact that by responding minimally to CCF requests for information, it is possible to string out CCF proceedings almost indefinitely. The CCF should set and enforce tighter deadlines for national responses and decide automatically against deliberate time-wasters.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Expanding and improving the operations and transparency of the NDTF</strong></li> </ul> <p>Since its creation, the Notices and Diffusions Task Force has screened all Red Notices prior to publication and all Wanted Person Diffusions (WPD) immediately after transmission (a “diffusion” is a message sent directly from one Interpol member State to one or more other member). In <a href="https://www.interpol.int/en/How-we-work/Notices/Compliance-and-review">2023</a>, Interpol published 23,969 Red Notices and WPDs, while the NDTF refused or cancelled 1,603 requests or previously-published Red Notices and WPDs.</p> <p>These figures seem useful. But for purposes of analysis, they are close to useless. The 1,603 rejections or cancellations do not all pertain to requests made in 2023, so it is impossible to use this figure to derive a percentage of abusive requests made annually. Adding Red Notices and WPDs together means that any trends in these very different categories are also impossible to discern. Running refusals and cancellations together makes it impossible to figure out how much abuse the NDTF is catching before it occurs, and how much it is only catching after the fact. Since these numbers are not broken down by requesting nation (as the CCF used to break down its cases), it is again impossible to figure out which countries are responsible for creating the most work. Interpol should prioritize publishing higher quality and more transparent information, which also provides the public with the ability to allow for proper analysis.</p> <p>Within the last month, the NDTF has (according to information received by Bromund) started to review Blue Notice requests prior to publication. Such notices are used to locate an individual of interest to an ongoing investigation and are easily used to evade the scrutiny given to Red Notices while achieving very similar ends. The extra scrutiny is a welcome change. But if and when Interpol creates new kinds of colored notices, these should also be routinely scrutinized by the NDTF. This will require an expansion of the NDTF in terms of personnel (and thus in funding), an increase that is already sorely needed. As the NDTF contains no more than 45 individuals, each of them has to review more than one Red Notice or WPD every single day of the year, with (while working in France, where the organization is headquartered in Lyon) no weekends or vacations and no time for training or any other responsibilities. This is an implausibly burdensome workload.</p> <p>Finally, and most crucially, the NDTF should take the experience and precedents of the CCF more fully on board. It is disturbing that in 2020 (the last year for which data is publicly available), the NDTF rejected or cancelled 531 Red Notices or WPDs for failure to comply with Article 2 (political abuse) or Article 3 (on the UDHR), while in the same year the CCF made 296 deletions for similar reasons. Because of Interpol’s habit of running years together, this does not mean that the NDTF missed 296 abusive Red Notices in 2021. But it does imply that a good bit of abuse gets by the NDTF. One likely reason for this is that the CCF is willing, in certain contexts, to consider the overall human rights record of a requesting country, while the NDTF on occasion appears to struggle even to apply its own rules – much less to apply any broader analysis.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Going Slowly on New Initiatives</strong></li> </ul> <p>Interpol was founded to promote communication between law enforcement bodies in different countries. But it has recently begun to branch out into not just passing information around, but analyzing it and delivering the results to its members. The 2022 draft budget makes much of Interpol’s desire to develop analytical capacities, both through hiring additional experts and developing AI systems, to support national-level law enforcement. And the most recent update of Interpol’s Rules on the Processing of Data gives Interpol the ability to accept large volumes of data that cannot be reviewed for compliance with its rules, to process it, and then to return compliant results to the member country that provided the data (see a forthcoming analysis in the <a href="https://ielr.com/"><em>International Enforcement Law Reporter</em></a> by Bromund and Grossman for details.)</p> <p>This drive to provide analytical capacity has two flaws: it moves Interpol closer to becoming an operational body, and it allows abusive countries to dump huge volumes of data into Interpol without improving Interpol’s ability to screen the results of its analysis for compliance with its rules. Interpol is already hard-pressed to uphold its rules today, and while becoming an international analytical center is appealing for an organization with a persistent tendency towards empire-building, it is a risky road to follow.</p> <p>Another major Interpol priority is financial crime. Indeed, Interpol is on the verge of introducing a new “Silver Notice” that will focus on such crimes. This is an extremely risky idea. Abusive regimes commonly rely on accusations of financial crime (including fraud and tax evasion), for the simple reason that accusing someone of murder requires a body, whereas accusing them of fraud requires no physical evidence at all. If Interpol does introduce a Silver Notice, it is a near-certainly that much of the abuse that now tends to be focused in the Red Notice and WPD systems will flow into the Silver Notices. As Charlie Magri, a former CCF staff attorney now in private practice <a href="https://otherside.law/interpol-silver-notice-what-could-go-wrong/">puts it</a>, “The very nature of the Silver Notice, designed to trace and recover funds, makes it a powerful tool that could be turned against political enemies.” It would be best to shelve the concept of a Silver Notice until Interpol proves it can reliably screen the notices it is already publishing.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Further Regularizing Interpol’s Finances</strong></li> </ul> <p>To his credit, Stock did a great deal to improve both the presentation and the reality of Interpol’s finances. But under his leadership, Interpol has also embarked on large and expensive new projects while its core operations remain under-funded. To close the gap, <a href="https://www.heritage.org/global-politics/report/interpol-needs-improved-financial-transparency-restore-its-integrity-and">Interpol relies heavily on project contracts with national governments</a>, as well as a limited amount of funding from <a href="https://apnews.com/article/tokyo-olympics-dentsu-bid-rigging-ioc-01e43ca5aced60fc842c2c02b6375527">ethically-challenged donors</a> such as the International Olympic Committee. Interpol now has a screening mechanism for private donations, but it assumes that donations from governments do not need to be screened.</p> <p>This is not a safe assumption. Nor is it right for Interpol to undertake projects with very limited transparency simply because governments want to pay for them. Interpol should seek another substantial increase in national dues and use the additional funds to end its reliance on one-off national contracts and all donations. The rule should be simple: all Interpol expenses should be borne by all Interpol members, in proportion to their overall contributions, and no one country should have the ability to buy a project on its own. Interpol should then reduce its activities that do not relate to the Notices and Diffusions system until it can pay for that system to be screened properly.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Applying Interpol’s Rules to Persistent Abusers</strong></li> </ul> <p>One of Stock’s less glorious moments was his response to the <a href="https://www.heritage.org/global-politics/commentary/russia-wrongly-escapes-suspension-interpol">Anglo-American efforts in 2022 to suspend Russia</a> from Interpol. Stock oversaw the release of an <a href="https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2022/Ukraine-INTERPOL-General-Secretariat-statement">Interpol statement</a> asserting that Interpol’s Constitution contains no provisions for suspending a country’s membership. That is technically correct but misleading: the provisions on suspension are in Interpol’s Rules on the Processing of Data. Unless and until Interpol creates deterrent power against abuse by demonstrating that it will sanction an abuser, that abuse will continue, for the simple reason that abuse is easy, cost-free, and effective.</p> <p>Valdecy Urquiza’s campaign made it clear that, like Stock, he wants Interpol to keep serving all its member nations, and that he would therefore far rather have Russia (or China, or Iran, or Venezuela, to name several notorious abusers) in Interpol than out of it. The approach of keeping the abusers in the system has been tried repeatedly for the past decade and it has failed. Urquiza will accordingly have to be very lucky to avoid a repeat of the 2022 saga, and if it does recur, he will be in the hot seat. It would be wiser, and preferable, to apply the rules as they exist, without favor or bias.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong><strong> </strong></p> <p>Even with the best will in the world, Urquiza will not be able to do any of these things on his own. There are many <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/87260/after-spotlight-on-re Diplomacy Featured Articles Human Rights Intelligence activities International and Foreign International Justice Law Enforcement Technology Brazil international international justice Interpol Law enforcement Police Red Notice transnational repression Ted R. Bromund Early Edition: November 1, 2024 https://www.justsecurity.org/104535/early-edition-november-1-2024/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=early-edition-november-1-2024 Just Security urn:uuid:73cdb924-9da7-5e97-4ffd-bd920d516d51 Fri, 01 Nov 2024 07:45:21 -0400 <p>Signup to receive the Early Edition in your inbox here. A curated weekday guide to major news and developments over the past 24 hours. Here’s today’s news: ISRAEL-HAMAS WAR Top Biden administration negotiators visited the Middle East yesterday in a last-ditch attempt to jumpstart ceasefire talks before next week’s U.S. presidential election. Julian E. Barnes [&#8230;]</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104535/early-edition-november-1-2024/">Early Edition: November 1, 2024</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <p>Signup to receive the Early Edition in your inbox <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/early-edition-signup/">here</a>.</p> <p>A curated weekday guide to major news and developments over the past 24 hours. Here’s today’s news:</p> <p><b><i>ISRAEL-HAMAS WAR</i></b></p> <p><b>Top Biden administration negotiators visited the Middle East yesterday in a last-ditch attempt to jumpstart ceasefire talks before next week’s U.S. presidential election.</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Julian E. Barnes and Ephrat Livni report for the </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/31/world/middleeast/israel-cease-fire.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">New York Times</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>An overnight Israeli bombardment of Gaza killed 47 people, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">the</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Palestinian news agency WAFA reported today. Ali Sawafta and Clauda Tanios report for </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/47-palestinians-killed-overnight-israeli-strikes-central-gaza-palestinian-news-2024-11-01/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reuters</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>Israeli bulldozers yesterday damaged the office of the U.N. aid agency for Palestinians (UNRWA) in a West Bank refugee camp, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">the agency’s chief said. The Israeli military denied responsibility for the damage. Hatem Maher and Ari Rabinovitch report for </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/unrwa-chief-says-israeli-forces-damaged-agencys-west-bank-office-israel-disputes-2024-10-31/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reuters</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><b>Israeli forces detained a Médicins Sans Frontières surgeon working in the Kamal Adwan hospital in north Gaza during a raid last week,</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> the charity said yesterday. Emma Farge reports for </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/msf-surgeon-detained-by-israel-north-gaza-hospital-raid-2024-10-31/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reuters</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><b><i>ISRAEL-HAMAS WAR — U.S. RESPONSE</i></b></p> <p><b>The Biden administration has been ramping up pressure on Israel to address Gaza aid concerns in recent days, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">with Secretary of State Antony Blinken convening internal meetings to monitor Israel’s implementation of U.S. requests and Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin raising the demands in phone calls with his Israeli counterpart. Barak Ravid reports for </span><a href="https://www.axios.com/2024/11/01/gaza-humanitarian-crisis-israel-us-pressure"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Axios</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><b>Blinken and Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen yesterday issued a joint statement urging Israel to extend its waiver on cooperation between Israeli and Palestinian banks. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">Kanishka Singh reports for </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us-urges-israel-extend-waiver-co-operation-with-palestinian-banks-2024-11-01/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reuters</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>ISRAEL-HAMAS WAR — INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE</i></b></p> <p><b>A French court reversed a government ban on Israeli firms’ participation in an arms show near Paris next week, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">organizers said yesterday. Tassilo Hummel reports for </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/french-court-reverses-ban-israeli-firms-paris-arms-show-organiser-says-2024-10-31/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reuters</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>ISRAEL-HEZBOLLAH WAR </i></b></p> <p><b>Lebanon’s caretaker prime minister has denied </b><a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/hochstein-asked-lebanon-to-declare-unilateral-ceasefire-to-help-talks-sources-say/"><b>reports</b></a><b> that the United States asked Lebanon to declare a unilateral ceasefire,</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> after two sources said a U.S. envoy had made the request to renew stalled talks on ending Israel-Hezbollah hostilities. The </span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2024/nov/01/middle-east-crisis-live-netanyahu-says-ability-to-counter-threats-from-lebanon-key-to-any-ceasefire-deal?CMP=share_btn_url&amp;page=with%3Ablock-6724b1558f0821d89821e4f8#block-6724b1558f0821d89821e4f8"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Guardian</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> reports. </span></p> <p><b>Two separate Hezbollah rocket attacks killed seven people in northern Israel yesterday, including four Thai agricultural workers, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">authorities said. David Gritten reports for </span><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ce8yjr3zyz8o"><span style="font-weight: 400;">BBC News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>ISRAEL-IRAN CONFLICT  </i></b></p> <p><b>Iran is preparing to launch a major retaliatory strike from Iraq in the coming days, potentially before the U.S. election, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">Israeli intelligence suggests. Meanwhile, two top Iranian officials yesterday told state media that Iran plans to respond to Israel’s attacks. Barak Ravid reports for </span><a href="https://www.axios.com/2024/10/31/israel-iran-planning-attack-iraq"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Axios</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">; Farnaz Fassihi reports for the </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/31/world/middleeast/iran-threatens-retaliation-israel-strikes.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">New York Times</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>U.S. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION</i></b></p> <p><b>Former President Trump yesterday filed a </b><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/documents/32ef3d27-2afa-4702-bc83-fea82fa68f1e.pdf?itid=lk_inline_manual_4"><b>lawsuit</b></a><b> against CBS News over the network’s interview with Vice President Kamala Harris aired earlier this month, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">alleging the station’s edit of the interview “amounts to a brazen attempt to interfere” in the election. A CBS spokesperson said the lawsuit was “completely without merit.” Tobi Raji reports for the </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/10/31/trump-sues-60-minutes-cbs-kamala-harris/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Washington Post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>The Pennsylvania lawsuit over Elon Musk’s $1mn swing state sweepstakes was put on hold yesterday, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">pending a federal judge&#8217;s decision on whether to take up the case. The state judge declined to sanction Musk in the meantime. Ivana Saric reports for </span><a href="https://www.axios.com/2024/10/31/musk-trump-voter-giveaways-lawsuit-court-hearing"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Axios</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>The Justice Department must do more to protect staffers from election-adjacent threats of political violence, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">according to a letter sent to senior DOJ leadership yesterday on behalf of nearly 2,000 employees. Alfred Ng reports for </span><a href="https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2024/10/31/2024-elections-live-coverage-updates-analysis/doj-concerns-violence-election-00186566"><span style="font-weight: 400;">POLITICO</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>Colorado’s governor said yesterday he is providing state aircraft and vehicles to help with changing voting system passwords </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">following their accidental leak on a state website. Jesse Bedayn reports for </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/colorado-voting-system-password-leak-election-2024-ab9bc72133f4e708b29fcad8abdc3ccf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>An Arizona judge yesterday ordered the release of a list of tens of thousands of voters mistakenly classified as having access to the full ballot because of a coding glitch. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sejal Govindarao reports for </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/arizona-voters-citizenship-999a30ae848691836405c5e900eeaf33"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>Republicans yesterday again </b><a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/25260929-76-77-em-24-application-for-extraordinary-relief"><b>asked</b></a><b> the Pennsylvania Supreme Court to rule against undated mail-in ballots being included in the vote count. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">Josh Gerstein reports for </span><a href="https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2024/10/31/2024-elections-live-coverage-updates-analysis/republicans-pennsylvania-undated-mail-ballots-00186585"><span style="font-weight: 400;">POLITICO</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>TRUMP LEGAL MATTERS </i></b></p> <p><b>A New York court yesterday indefinitely disbarred a key architect of the idea to use “fake” pro-Trump electors to overturn the 2020 election result, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">in</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">the latest instance of Trump-aligned lawyers losing their licenses. Charlie Savage reports for </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/31/us/politics/trump-lawyer-chesebro-suspended-new-york.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">New York Times</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>Special counsel Jack Smith yesterday asked a judge to reject Trump’s challenge to the lawfulness of Smith’s appointment in the Jan. 6 election interference case. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rebbeca Beitsch reports for </span><a href="https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/4964518-trump-jan-6-case-special-counsel/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Hill</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>OTHER U.S. DOMESTIC DEVELOPMENTS </i></b></p> <p><b>New York City Mayor Eric Adams is expected to appear before a Manhattan court today to contest a federal bribery charge, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">one of the five counts against him. Jake Offenhartz reports for </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/mayor-eric-adams-sdny-bribery-194e20f3027bf76ca2c7658c1f7933d3"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>A Congress Covid subcommittee on Wednesday </b><a href="https://www.politico.com/f/?id=00000192-e040-d2db-afbb-f9d5db4c0000"><b>referred</b></a><b> the former New York governor Andrew Cuomo’s criminal case to the Department of Justice </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">over alleged lies to Congress on nursing home data reporting. Nick Reisman reports for </span><a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2024/10/30/new-york-cuomo-criminal-charges-00186435"><span style="font-weight: 400;">POLITICO</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>U.S. FOREIGN AFFAIRS </i></b></p> <p><b>The Treasury Department yesterday imposed sanctions on companies and individuals linked to the armed wing of a Mexican drug cartel operating on border territories </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">in a bid to stem the entry of fentanyl into the United States. Fatima Hussein reports for </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/fentanyl-mexico-drugs-sanctions-0ad0b441549234908abe5d8c761b6331"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR</i></b></p> <p><b>About 8,000 North Korean troops are expected to enter Russia’s war with Ukraine in the “coming days,” </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">Secretary Blinken said yesterday. Meanwhile, U.S. negotiators are increasingly turning to China as an interlocutor in addressing Russia and North Korea’s rapidly strengthening security partnership, senior U.S. officials say. Ellen Mitchell reports for </span><a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/4964765-north-korean-troops-russia-ukraine/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Hill</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">; Edward Wong reports for the </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/31/us/politics/russia-north-korea-troops-china.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">New York Times</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><b>Russia made its largest territorial gains in Ukraine since the summer of 2022 in October, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">threatening a key logistics hub for Ukrainian forces in the Donbas. Constant Méheut and Josh Holder report for the </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/10/31/world/europe/russia-gains-ukraine-maps.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">New York Times</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>Russia’s torture of Ukrainian civilians and prisoners of war is “a crime against humanity,”</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> U.N.-backed experts said yesterday. Separately, BBC </span><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c207gz7key6o"><span style="font-weight: 400;">reported</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> it saw “credible evidence” of Russia using drones to target civilians in Ukraine’s Kherson.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Edith M. Lederer reports for </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/un-ukraine-russia-crimes-rights-violations-commission-7b1cb291e4104a8aa2113c42f2215a65"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTS</i></b><b> </b></p> <p><b>The U.N. Security Council will likely meet on Monday to discuss yesterday’s North Korean test of what the country said was an intercontinental ballistic missile, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">diplomatic sources say. Michelle Nichols reports for </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/un-security-council-asked-meet-monday-north-korea-missile-launch-2024-10-31/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reuters</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>After nearly 60 years in power, Botswana’s Democratic Party lost its parliamentary majority in yesterday’s national election, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">a stunning rebuke underpinned by an economic slump caused by the waning global diamond trade. Yvonne Mooka and John Eligon report for </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/01/world/africa/botswana-election-results.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">New York Times</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>Not a single country has contributed towards reparations for the victims and survivors of a Ugandan warlord created by the International Criminal Court, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">the ICC Trust Fund for Victims said. Caroline Kimeu reports for the </span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2024/nov/01/not-one-government-has-paid-into-uganda-warlord-dominic-ongwen-victim-reparations-icc-says"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Guardian</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>At least 10 people were killed and 63 wounded by police gunfire during a Mozambique presidential election unrest crackdown, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">medical groups said on Wednesday. </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/mozambique-election-protests-deaths-154ac940bae942ea3dd992262348e50a"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> reports. </span></p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104535/early-edition-november-1-2024/">Early Edition: November 1, 2024</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> Daily News Roundup Beatrice Yahia Clearinghouse: Georgia Election Interference Case https://www.justsecurity.org/89123/clearinghouse-georgia-election-interference-case/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=clearinghouse-georgia-election-interference-case Just Security urn:uuid:45d26ee5-f7f8-3318-34a5-1fb8e0bc0876 Fri, 01 Nov 2024 05:25:21 -0400 <p>Repository containing information about Fulton County District Attorney Fani Willis's election interference case against Donald Trump.</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89123/clearinghouse-georgia-election-interference-case/">Clearinghouse: Georgia Election Interference Case</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <p>This repository contains a collection of information for researchers, journalists, educators, scholars, and the public at large. This particular repository is part of a much larger collection – the <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/88175/trump-trials-clearinghouse" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Trump Trials Clearinghouse</a> – which contains similar documents and information related to other criminal and civil trials involving former President Donald Trump.</p> <p>The repository and other parts of the Trump Trials Clearinghouse will be continually updated. If you think the repository is missing something, please send recommendations for additional content by email to <a href="mailto:lte@justsecurity.org">lte@justsecurity.org</a>.</p> <div id="accordions-89115" class="accordions-89115 accordions" data-accordions={&quot;lazyLoad&quot;:true,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;89115&quot;,&quot;event&quot;:&quot;click&quot;,&quot;collapsible&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;heightStyle&quot;:&quot;content&quot;,&quot;animateStyle&quot;:&quot;swing&quot;,&quot;animateDelay&quot;:1000,&quot;navigation&quot;:true,&quot;active&quot;:999,&quot;expandedOther&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;URLHash&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;headerToggle&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;scrollTop&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;scrollTopOffset&quot;:100,&quot;stats&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}> <div id="accordions-lazy-89115" class="accordions-lazy" accordionsId="89115"> </div> <div id="expand-collapse-89115" class="expand-collapse" accordion-id="89115"> <span class="expand"><i class="fas fa-expand"></i> Expand all</span><span class="collapse"><i class="fas fa-compress"></i> Collapse all</span> </div> <style type="text/css"> .accordions-89115 .expand-collapse { background-color: #2c7f96 !important; } </style> <div id="search-input-89115" class="search-input-wrap"> <input class="search-input" placeholder="" value=""> </div> <script style="display: none;"> jQuery(document).ready(function($) { jQuery(document).on('keyup', '#search-input-89115 input.search-input', function() { keyword = jQuery(this).val().toLowerCase(); content_head = []; content_body = []; $('#accordions-89115 .items .accordions-head-title').each(function(index) { content = $(this).text().toLowerCase(); content_head[index] = content; $(this).parent().removeClass("accordion-header-active"); $(this).parent().removeClass("ui-state-active"); }); $('#accordions-89115 .items .accordion-content').each(function(index) { $(this).hide(); content = $(this).text().toLowerCase(); content_body[index] = content + ' ' + content_head[index]; n = content_body[index].indexOf(keyword); if (n < 0) { $(this).prev().hide(); } else { $(this).prev().show(); } }); }) }) </script> <div class="items" style="display:none" > <div post_id="89115" itemcount="0" header_id="header-1696422411484" id="header-1696422411484" style="" class="accordions-head head1696422411484 border-semi-round" toggle-text="" main-text="Charging Instrument "> <span id="accordion-icons-1696422411484" class="accordion-icons"> <span class="accordion-icon-active accordion-plus"><i class="fas fa-chevron-up"></i></span> <span class="accordion-icon-inactive accordion-minus"><i class="fas fa-chevron-right"></i></span> </span> <span id="header-text-1696422411484" class="accordions-head-title">Charging Instrument </span> </div> <div class="accordion-content content1696422411484 "> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Indictment-filed-with-amended-page-numbering-Feb.-15-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Indictment filed with amended page numbering</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Feb. 15, 2024)</span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Order-granting-State-of-Georgia-motion-to-re-scan-and-amend-inaccurate-numbering-in-the-indictment-Feb.-14-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order granting State of Georgia motion to re-scan and amend inaccurate numbering in the indictment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Feb. 14, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-State-of-Georgia-motion-to-rescan-the-indictment-and-with-amended-page-numbering-Feb.-1-2024-1.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">State of Georgia motion to rescan the indictment and with amended page numbering</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Feb. 1, 2024)</span></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/just-security-fulton-county-da-indictment.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Indictment of Trump and 18-codefendants</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Aug. 14, 2023)</span></li> </ul> </div> <div post_id="89115" itemcount="1" header_id="header-1698138054456" id="header-1698138054456" style="" class="accordions-head head1698138054456 border-semi-round" toggle-text="" main-text="Guilty Pleas, Sentencing and Probation"> <span id="accordion-icons-1698138054456" class="accordion-icons"> <span class="accordion-icon-active accordion-plus"><i class="fas fa-chevron-up"></i></span> <span class="accordion-icon-inactive accordion-minus"><i class="fas fa-chevron-right"></i></span> </span> <span id="header-text-1698138054456" class="accordions-head-title">Guilty Pleas, Sentencing and Probation</span> </div> <div class="accordion-content content1698138054456 "> <p><strong>Guilty Pleas</strong></p> <p><em>General</em></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Order-unsealing-records-and-dockets-for-Kenneth-Chesebro-Sidney-Powell-Jenna-Eliis-and-Scott-Hall-Oct.-27-2023-e-filed-Oct.-31.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order unsealing records and dockets for Kenneth Chesebro, Sidney Powell, Jenna Ellis, and Scott Hall</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 27, 2023) [e-filed Oct. 31]</span></li> </ul> <p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Jenna Ellis</span></i></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94Transcript-of-Jenna-Ellis-Oct.-24-negotiated-plea-hearing-Oct.-24-2023-e-filed-Jan.-8-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Transcript of Jenna Ellis Oct. 24 negotiated plea hearing</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 24, 2023) [e-filed Jan. 8, 2024]</span></li> <li aria-level="1"><a href="https://abc7.com/jenna-ellis-sydney-powell-donald-trump-2020-election/14054154/">Video of Jenna Ellis proffer</a> (Nov. 13, 2023) [credit ABC]</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://publicrecordsaccess.fultoncountyga.gov/Portal/DocumentViewer/Index/FC48DF8E1A752B33DA9DA0FC413B0CC6D4FD84894E19CA5B3A470761F98959ED4585D5D4DAF6B2E0C61B51EE15BC196ABD7BA6D83B2048EFD8022D269A96FD69C1FD0573A26665C30E748DA5F700DBCB?caseNum=23SC190514&docType=PDF&docName=FIRST%20OFFENDER%20FINAL%20DISPOSITION&eventName=FIRST%20OFFENDER%20FINAL%20DISPOSITION&docTypeId=108&isVersionId=False&p=0"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Jenna Ellis first offender final disposition</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 24, 2023) [behind paywall]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eu7uzRFDpTY&t=412s"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Video of Jenna Ellis guilty plea hearing</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 24, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://publicrecordsaccess.fultoncountyga.gov/Portal/DocumentViewer/Index/FC48DF8E1A752B33DA9DA0FC413B0CC6D95887F93C027EAFC1EFAA6D13BC4AC2CFB5BB899D6878C32A0ABF6C84502BE9CB697DE0812A94376F06781909CCA36A393B24CFD300A3CA95256C8A4DB442C8?caseNum=23SC190514&docType=PDF&docName=PLEA%20OF%20GUILTY%20STATEMENT&eventName=PLEA%20OF%20GUILTY%20STATEMENT&docTypeId=108&isVersionId=False&p=0"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Jenna Ellis plea of guilty statement</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 24, 2023) [behind paywall]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Jenna-Ellis-criminal-accusation-Oct.-24-2023-1.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Jenna Ellis criminal accusation</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 24, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Order-of-Nolle-Prosequi-as-to-Jenna-Ellis-Oct.-24-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order of nolle prosequi as to Jenna Ellis</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 24, 2023) </span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-State-of-Georgia-motion-to-nolle-prosequi-as-to-Jenna-Ellis-Oct.-23-2023-e-filed-Oct.-24.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">State of Georgia motion to nolle prosequi as to Jenna Ellis</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 23, 2023) [e-filed Oct. 24]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Jenna-Ellis-waiver-of-indictment-Oct.-23-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Jenna Ellis waiver of indictment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 23, 2023)</span></li> </ul> <p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Kenneth Chesebro</span></i></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Second-order-modifying-Kenneth-Chesebro-condition-of-probation-Nov.-27-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Second order modifying Kenneth Chesebro conditions of probation</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Nov. 27, 2023)</span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-State-of-Georgia-second-motion-to-modify-Kenneth-Chesebro-condition-of-probation-Nov.-20-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Kenneth Chesebro second motion to modify condition of probation</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Nov. 20, 2023)</span></li> </ul> </li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-First-order-modifying-Kenneth-Chesebro-condition-of-probation-Nov.-7-2023-e-filed-Nov.-8.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">First order modifying Kenneth Chesebro conditions of probation</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Nov. 7, 2023) [e-filed Nov. 8]</span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://publicrecordsaccess.fultoncountyga.gov/Portal/DocumentViewer/Index/CC2AFD5DAB4CC310196347F466F4E4DF179228C9CAC2A7B4F27ACB17C4FF4FA3DADC2D2F3A5D1E3882E647C0CBF50C740A84AF81E2D5AEDD43E5AE31D2D8CEA6F74DE91DD50E8DFA9A6D3B8B4EFA9EB1?caseNum=23SC188947&docType=PDF&docName=MOTION%20TO%20MODIFY&eventName=MOTION%20TO%20MODIFY&docTypeId=108&isVersionId=False&p=0"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Kenneth Chesebro motion to modify condition of probation</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Nov. 7, 2023) [behind paywall]</span></li> </ul> </li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Kenneth-Chesebro-plea-of-guilty-statement-Oct.-20-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Kenneth Chesebro plea of guilty statement to count 15</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 20, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FoNO945_vk0&t=119s">Video of Kenneth Chesebro guilty plea hearing</a> (Oct. 20, 2023)</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Kenneth-Chesebro-apology-letter-Oct.-20-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Kenneth Chesebro apology letter</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 20, 2023)</span></li> </ul> <p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sidney Powell </span></i></p> <ul> <li aria-level="1"><a href="https://abc7.com/jenna-ellis-sydney-powell-donald-trump-2020-election/14054154/">Video of Sidney Powell proffer</a> (Nov. 13, 2023) [credit ABC]</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Sidney-Powell-amended-final-disposition-Oct.-23-2023-e-filed-Oct.-24.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sidney Powell amended final disposition</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 23, 2023) [e-filed Oct. 24]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Order-of-Nolle-Prosequi-as-to-Sidney-Powell-Oct.-20-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order of nolle prosequi as to Sidney Powell</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 20, 2023) </span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHTz__OGYVo"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Video of Sidney Powell guilty plea hearing</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 19, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Sidney-Powell-plea-of-guilty-statement-Oct.-19-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sidney Powell plea of guilty statement</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 19, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-State-of-Georgia-motion-to-nolle-prosequi-as-to-Sidney-Powell-Oct.-19-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">State of Georgia motion to nolle prosequi as to Sidney Powell</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 19, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Sidney-Powell-apology-letter-Oct.-19-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sidney Powell apology letter</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 19, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Sidney-Powell-criminal-accusation-and-waiver-of-indictment-Oct.-18-19-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sidney Powell criminal accusation and waiver of indictment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 18 & 19, 2023)</span></li> </ul> <p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Scott Hall </span></i></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Scott-Hall-sentencing-summary-and-condition-of-probation-Oct.-3-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Scott Hall sentencing summary and condition of probation</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 3, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Order-of-nolle-prosequi-as-to-Scott-Hall-Sept.-29-2023-e-filed-Oct.-2-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order of nolle prosequi as to Scott Hall</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 2, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Scott-Hall-plea-of-guilty-statement-Sept.-29-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Scott Hall plea of guilty statement</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Sept. 29 2023) [e-filed Oct. 3, 2023]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Scott-Hall-waiver-of-indictment-Sept.-29-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Scott Hall waiver of indictment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Sept. 29, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Criminal-accusation-against-Scott-Hall-Sept.-29-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Criminal accusation against Scott Hall</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Sept. 29, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-State-of-Georgia-motion-for-nolle-prosequi-as-to-Scott-Hall-Sept.-29-2023-e-file-Oct.-2-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">State of Georgia motion for nolle prosequi as to Scott Hall</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Sept. 29, 2023) [e-filed Oct. 2, 2023]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/live/Fj863lqm8EM?si=IPs21ie0zlksk1AV"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Video of Scott Hall guilty plea hearing</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Sept. 29, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Scott-Hall-apology-letter-undated.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Scott Hall apology letter</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (undated)</span></li> </ul> </div> <div post_id="89115" itemcount="2" header_id="header-1696422411981" id="header-1696422411981" style="" class="accordions-head head1696422411981 border-semi-round" toggle-text="" main-text="Special Purpose Grand Jury"> <span id="accordion-icons-1696422411981" class="accordion-icons"> <span class="accordion-icon-active accordion-plus"><i class="fas fa-chevron-up"></i></span> <span class="accordion-icon-inactive accordion-minus"><i class="fas fa-chevron-right"></i></span> </span> <span id="header-text-1696422411981" class="accordions-head-title">Special Purpose Grand Jury</span> </div> <div class="accordion-content content1696422411981 "> <p><a href="https://www.fultonclerk.org/DocumentCenter/Index/94?Grid-orderBy=LastModifiedDate-desc">Case No.: 2022-EX-000024</a></p> <p>General</p> <ul> <li aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-SPGJ-final-report-complete-publication-September-8-2023.pdf">SPGJ final report (complete publication)</a> (Sept 8, 2023)</li> <li aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Court-order-directing-the-complete-publication-of-the-SPGJ-final-report-on-Sept.-8-2023-Aug.-28-2023.pdf">Order directing the complete publication of the SPGJ final report on Sept. 8, 2023</a> (Aug. 28, 2023)</li> <li aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Special-purpose-grand-jury-final-report-partial-publication-Feb.-16-2023.pdf">SPGJ final report (partial publication)</a> (Feb. 16, 2023)</li> <li aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Order-directing-partial-release-of-SPGJ-final-report-February-13-2023.pdf">Order directing partial release of SPGJ final report</a> (Feb. 13, 2023)</li> <li aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Georgia-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Court-order-dissolving-the-SPGJ Courts Law Enforcement Rule of Law 2020 presidential election election interference Georgia (U.S. State) Law enforcement RICO Norman L. Eisen Clearinghouse: Mar-a-Lago Documents Case – Southern District of Florida https://www.justsecurity.org/89121/clearinghouse-mar-a-lago-documents-case-southern-district-of-florida/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=clearinghouse-mar-a-lago-documents-case-southern-district-of-florida Just Security urn:uuid:20a083cc-20d0-3cd2-5ad1-caed6263eb6f Fri, 01 Nov 2024 05:25:16 -0400 <p>Repository containing a collection of information about Special Counsel Jack Smith's classified documents case against Donald Trump.</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89121/clearinghouse-mar-a-lago-documents-case-southern-district-of-florida/">Clearinghouse: Mar-a-Lago Documents Case &#8211; Southern District of Florida</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <p>This repository contains a collection of information for researchers, journalists, educators, scholars, and the public at large. This particular repository is part of a much larger collection – the <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/88175/trump-trials-clearinghouse" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Trump Trials Clearinghouse</a> – which contains similar documents and information related to other criminal and civil trials involving former President Donald Trump.</p> <p>The repository and other parts of the Trump Trials Clearinghouse will be continually updated. If you think the repository is missing something, please send recommendations for additional content by email to <a href="mailto:lte@justsecurity.org">lte@justsecurity.org</a>.</p> <div id="accordions-89117" class="accordions-89117 accordions" data-accordions={&quot;lazyLoad&quot;:true,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;89117&quot;,&quot;event&quot;:&quot;click&quot;,&quot;collapsible&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;heightStyle&quot;:&quot;content&quot;,&quot;animateStyle&quot;:&quot;swing&quot;,&quot;animateDelay&quot;:1000,&quot;navigation&quot;:true,&quot;active&quot;:999,&quot;expandedOther&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;URLHash&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;headerToggle&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;scrollTop&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;scrollTopOffset&quot;:100,&quot;stats&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}> <div id="accordions-lazy-89117" class="accordions-lazy" accordionsId="89117"> </div> <div id="expand-collapse-89117" class="expand-collapse" accordion-id="89117"> <span class="expand"><i class="fas fa-expand"></i> Expand all</span><span class="collapse"><i class="fas fa-compress"></i> Collapse all</span> </div> <style type="text/css"> .accordions-89117 .expand-collapse { background-color: #2c7f96 !important; } </style> <div id="search-input-89117" class="search-input-wrap"> <input class="search-input" placeholder="" value=""> </div> <script style="display: none;"> jQuery(document).ready(function($) { jQuery(document).on('keyup', '#search-input-89117 input.search-input', function() { keyword = jQuery(this).val().toLowerCase(); content_head = []; content_body = []; $('#accordions-89117 .items .accordions-head-title').each(function(index) { content = $(this).text().toLowerCase(); content_head[index] = content; $(this).parent().removeClass("accordion-header-active"); $(this).parent().removeClass("ui-state-active"); }); $('#accordions-89117 .items .accordion-content').each(function(index) { $(this).hide(); content = $(this).text().toLowerCase(); content_body[index] = content + ' ' + content_head[index]; n = content_body[index].indexOf(keyword); if (n < 0) { $(this).prev().hide(); } else { $(this).prev().show(); } }); }) }) </script> <div class="items" style="display:none" > <div post_id="89117" itemcount="0" header_id="header-1696359527005" id="header-1696359527005" style="" class="accordions-head head1696359527005 border-semi-round" toggle-text="" main-text="Relevant Court Proceedings"> <span id="accordion-icons-1696359527005" class="accordion-icons"> <span class="accordion-icon-active accordion-plus"><i class="fas fa-chevron-up"></i></span> <span class="accordion-icon-inactive accordion-minus"><i class="fas fa-chevron-right"></i></span> </span> <span id="header-text-1696359527005" class="accordions-head-title">Relevant Court Proceedings</span> </div> <div class="accordion-content content1696359527005 "> <ul> <li>United States v. Trump <a href="https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/67490070/united-states-v-trump/">Case No. 9:23-cr-80101</a></li> </ul> <h4><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Charging Instruments and Arraignment </strong></span></h4> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Mar-a-Lago-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Trump-waiver-of-appearance-at-arraignment-and-entry-of-not-guilty-plea-Aug.-4-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump waiver of appearance at arraignment, and entry of not guilty plea</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Aug. 4, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Mar-a-Lago-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Superseding-Indictment-charging-Carlos-De-Oliveira-adding-two-charges-against-Trump-and-four-charges-against-Nauta-July-27-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Superseding Indictment charging a third defendant, Carlos De Oliveira, with four counts, and adding three counts against Trump and two counts against Nauta</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (July 27, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Mar-a-Lago-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Government-notice-of-superseding-indictment-July-27-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Government notice of superseding indictment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (July 27, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Mar-a-Lago-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Minute-order-for-Nauta-initial-appearance-and-arraignment-July-6-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Minute order for Nauta initial appearance and arraignment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (July 6, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Mar-a-Lago-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Full-transcript-of-Trump-arraignment-June-14-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Full transcript of Trump arraignment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (June 14, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Mar-a-Lago-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Minute-order-for-Trump-initial-appearance-and-arraignment-June-13-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Minute order for Trump initial appearance and arraignment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (June 13, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Mar-a-Lago-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Order-denying-Press-Coalition-motion-June-12-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order denying press coalition motion</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (June 12, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Mar-a-Lago-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Press-motion-to-intervene-and-unseal-Trump-indictment-June-9-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Press coalition motion to intervene and unseal Trump indictment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (June 9, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Mar-a-Lago-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Order-granting-motion-to-unseal-case-June-9-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order granting motion to unseal case</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (June 9, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Mar-a-Lago-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Government-motion-to-unseal-indictment-June-9-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Government motion to unseal indictment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (June 9, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Mar-a-Lago-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Order-granting-government-motion-for-miscellaneous-relief-June-8-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order granting government motion to seal indictment, judicial summonses, and related paperwork</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (June 8, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Mar-a-Lago-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Government-motion-to-seal-indictment-judicial-summons-related-paperwork-and-any-resulting-order-until-Trump-appeared-in-court-June-8-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Government motion to seal indictment, judicial summonses, related paperwork, and any resulting order until Trump appeared in court</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (June 8, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Mar-a-Lago-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Indictment-of-Donald-Trump-and-Waltine-Nauta-June-8-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Indictment of Donald Trump and Waltine Nauta</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (June 8, 2023)</span></li> </ul> <h4><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Conditions of Release</strong></span></h4> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Government-supplemental-brief-in-support-of-motion-to-modify-Trump-conditions-of-release-July-5-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Government supplemental brief in further support of motion to modify Trump conditions of release</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (July 5, 2024) </span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Trump-response-in-further-support-of-opposition-to-government-motion-to-modify-Trump-conditions-of-release-July-5-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump supplemental brief in further support of opposition to government motion to modify Trump conditions of release</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (July 5, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Government-filing-summarizing-all-exhibits-in-support-of-motion-to-modify-Trump-conditions-of-release-June-26-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Government filing summarizing all exhibits in support of motion to modify Trump conditions of release</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (and </span><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Exhibits-to-Government-filing-summarizing-all-exhibits-in-support-of-motion-to-modify-Trump-conditions-of-release-June-26-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exhibits</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) (June 26, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Government-additional-exhibits-admitted-during-June-24-hearing-in-support-of-motion-to-modify-Trump-conditions-of-release-June-24-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Government additional exhibits admitted during June 24 hearing in support of motion to modify Trump conditions of release</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (June 24, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Government-reply-in-support-of-motion-to-modify-Trump-conditions-of-release-June-21-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Government reply in support of motion to modify Trump conditions of release</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (and </span><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Exhibits-to-Government-reply-in-support-of-motion-to-modify-Trump-conditions-of-release-June-21-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exhibits</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) (June 21, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Trump-opposition-to-government-motion-to-modify-his-conditions-of-release-June-14-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump opposition to government motion to modify his conditions of release</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (June 14, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Government-motion-to-modify-Trump-conditions-of-release-May-31-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Government motion to modify Trump conditions of release</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (and </span><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Exhibits-to-government-motion-to-modify-Trump-conditions-of-release-May-31-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exhibits</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) (May 31, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Paperless-order-denying-without-prejudice-government-motion-to-modify-conditions-of-release-May-28-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Paperless order denying without prejudice government motion to modify Trump conditions of release</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (May 28, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Trump-motion-to-strike-govt-motion-to-modify-conditions-of-release-and-to-hold-govt-in-contempt-and-impose-sanctions-May-27-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump motion to strike government motion to modify his conditions of release, and to hold government in contempt and impose sanctions</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (and </span><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Exhibits-to-Trump-motion-to-strike-govt-motion-to-modify-conditions-of-release-and-to-hold-govt-in-contempt-and-impose-sanctionsMay272024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exhibits</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) (May 27, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94-Government-motion-to-modify-conditions-of-release-May-24-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Government motion to modify Trump conditions of release</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (and </span><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Exhibits-to-government-motion-to-modify-conditions-of-release-May-24-2024.pdf.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exhibits</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) (May 24, 2024)</span></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Paperless-order-denying-without-prejudice-government-motion-to-implement-special-condition-of-release-June-26-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Paperless order denying without prejudice government motion to implement special condition of release</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (June 26, 2023)</span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Mar-a-Lago-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Government-motion-to-implement-special-condition-of-release-June-23-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Government motion to implement special condition of release</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (June 23, 2023)</span></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Mar-a-Lago-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Personal-recognizance-bond-entered-as-to-Trump-June-13-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Personal recognizance bond entered as to Trump, including conditions of release</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (June 13, 2023)</span></li> </ul> <h4><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Pretrial Motions (including motions to dismiss)</strong></span></h4> <p><b><i>Appointment and Funding of Special Counsel Jack Smith </i></b><b>(Trump)</b></p> <p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Government Appeal — United States v. Donald Trump, </span></i><a href="https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/68955302/united-states-v-donald-trump/"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">24-12311</span></i></a><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">, (11th Cir.)</span></i></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse-11th-Cir.-order-grant-Trump-motion-extend-time-file-brief-in-Jack-Smith-appeal-Cannon-order-dismiss-indictment-Sept.-18-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order granting Trump unopposed motion for an extension of time to file appellee brief in government appeal to the 11th Cir. from order granting Trump motion to dismiss the superseding indictment based on the alleged unlawful appointment and funding of Special Counsel Jack Smith</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Sept. 18, 2024)</span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse-11th-Cir.-Trump-motion-extend-time-file-brief-in-Jack-Smith-appeal-Cannon-order-dismiss-indictment-Sept.-17-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump unopposed motion for an extension of time to file appellee brief in government appeal to the 11th Cir. from order granting Trump motion to dismiss the superseding indictment based on the alleged unlawful appointment and funding of Special Counsel Jack Smith</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Sept. 17, 2024)</span></li> </ul> </li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse-11th-Cir.-appeal-Jack-Smith-appointment-funding-order-granting-motions-for-leave-to-file-briefs-of-amici-curiae-Sept.-18-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order granting motions for leave to file briefs of amici curiae</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Sept. 18, 2024)</span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse-Amicus-curiae-brief-constitutional-lawyers-support-govt-appeal-Cannon-order-dismissing-indictment-appointment-funding-Jack-SmithSept.-3-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Amicus brief of constitutional lawyers, et al., in support of government appeal to the 11th Cir. from order granting Trump motion to dismiss the superseding indictment based on the alleged unlawful appointment and funding of Special Counsel Jack Smith</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Sept. 3, 2024)</span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="3"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse-Motion-leave-file-amicus-curiae-brief-constitutional-lawyers-support-gov-appeal-order-dismissing-indictment-appointment-funding-Jack-SmithSept.-3-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Motion for leave to file amicus curiae brief of constitutional lawyers, et al., in support of government appeal to the 11th Cir. from order granting Trump motion to dismiss the superseding indictment based on the alleged unlawful appointment and funding of Special Counsel Jack Smith</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Sept. 3, 2024)</span></li> </ul> </li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JustSecurityMar-a-LagoTrumpClearinghouse-Amicus-curiae-brief-CREW-et-al-support-govt-appeal-Cannon-order-dismissing-indictment-appointment-funding-Jack-SmithSept.-3-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Amicus brief of CREW, et al., in support of government appeal to the 11th Cir. from order granting Trump motion to dismiss the superseding indictment based on the alleged unlawful appointment and funding of Special Counsel Jack Smith</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Sept. 3, 2024)</span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" Courts Law Enforcement Rule of Law Classification Classified Information Procedures Act (CIPA) Donald Trump indictment Law enforcement Mar-a-Lago national security Prosecution Norman L. Eisen Clearinghouse: New York Attorney General Corporate Fraud Case https://www.justsecurity.org/89120/clearinghouse-new-york-attorney-general-corporate-fraud-case/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=clearinghouse-new-york-attorney-general-corporate-fraud-case Just Security urn:uuid:032df79f-3eee-e787-4c98-1430464c73e3 Fri, 01 Nov 2024 05:25:07 -0400 <p>Repository containing a collection of information about New York Attorney General Letitia James's corporate fraud case against Donald Trump.</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89120/clearinghouse-new-york-attorney-general-corporate-fraud-case/">Clearinghouse: New York Attorney General Corporate Fraud Case</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <p>This repository contains a collection of information for researchers, journalists, educators, scholars, and the public at large. This particular repository is part of a much larger collection – the <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/88175/trump-trials-clearinghouse" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Trump Trials Clearinghouse</a> – which contains similar documents and information related to other criminal and civil trials involving former President Donald Trump.</p> <p>The repository and other parts of the Trump Trials Clearinghouse will be continually updated. If you think the repository is missing something, please send recommendations for additional content by email to lte@justsecurity.org.</p> <div id="accordions-89119" class="accordions-89119 accordions" data-accordions={&quot;lazyLoad&quot;:true,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;89119&quot;,&quot;event&quot;:&quot;click&quot;,&quot;collapsible&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;heightStyle&quot;:&quot;content&quot;,&quot;animateStyle&quot;:&quot;swing&quot;,&quot;animateDelay&quot;:1000,&quot;navigation&quot;:true,&quot;active&quot;:999,&quot;expandedOther&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;URLHash&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;headerToggle&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;scrollTop&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;scrollTopOffset&quot;:100,&quot;stats&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}> <div id="accordions-lazy-89119" class="accordions-lazy" accordionsId="89119"> </div> <div id="expand-collapse-89119" class="expand-collapse" accordion-id="89119"> <span class="expand"><i class="fas fa-expand"></i> Expand all</span><span class="collapse"><i 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content_body[index].indexOf(keyword); if (n < 0) { $(this).prev().hide(); } else { $(this).prev().show(); } }); }) }) </script> <div class="items" style="display:none" > <div post_id="89119" itemcount="0" header_id="header-1696424433131" id="header-1696424433131" style="" class="accordions-head head1696424433131 border-semi-round" toggle-text="" main-text="Selected Court Proceedings"> <span id="accordion-icons-1696424433131" class="accordion-icons"> <span class="accordion-icon-active accordion-plus"><i class="fas fa-chevron-up"></i></span> <span class="accordion-icon-inactive accordion-minus"><i class="fas fa-chevron-right"></i></span> </span> <span id="header-text-1696424433131" class="accordions-head-title">Selected Court Proceedings</span> </div> <div class="accordion-content content1696424433131 "> <p><b>Summons and Complaint</b></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Just-Security-N.Y.-Civil-Fraud-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-State-of-New-York-summons-and-complaint-Sept.-21-2022.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">State of New York summons and complaint</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Sept. 21, 2022)</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>Ongoing Consolidated Appeal of Summary Judgment and Final Decision and Judgment, <em>NY First Department Appeal, Case No.: <a href="https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/nyscef/DocumentList?docketId=e5uCZdnX6Hk42lLyXZPRpQ==&display=all&courtType=Appellate%20Division%20-%201st%20Dept&resultsPageNum=1">2023-04925</a></em></strong></p> <p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Appeal of Summary Judgment and Final Decision and Judgment (Consolidated Appeal), NY First Department Appeal, Case No.: </span></i><a href="https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/nyscef/DocumentList?docketId=e5uCZdnX6Hk42lLyXZPRpQ==&display=all&courtType=Appellate%20Division%20-%201st%20Dept&resultsPageNum=1"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">2023-04925</span></i></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JustSecurityN.Y.CivilFraudTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Defendants-joint-reply-brief-in-support-of-appeal-from-summary-judgment-and-final-judgment-Aug.-30-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Defendants joint reply brief in support of appeal from summary judgment and final decision and judgment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Aug. 30, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JustSecurityN.Y.CivilFraudTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Non-party-appellants-joint-reply-brief-in-support-of-appeal-from-sanctions-imposed-in-summary-judgment-Aug.-30-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Non-party appellants joint reply brief in support of appeal from sanctions imposed in summary judgment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Aug. 30, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JustSecurityN.Y.CivilFraudTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94OAG-brief-in-defendants-joint-appeal-summary-judgment-final-judgment-non-party-appeal-against-sanctions-Aug272024-enteredAug29.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">State of New York corrected respondent brief to (1) defendants joint appeal from summary judgment and final decision ad judgment, and (2) non-party appeal from sanctions imposed in summary judgment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Aug. 27, 2024) [entered Aug. 29] </span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JustSecurityN.Y.CivilFraudTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Defendants-joint-appeal-brief-against-summary-judgment-and-final-judgment-July-22-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Defendants joint brief in support of appeal from summary judgment and final decision and judgment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (July 22, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JustSecurityN.Y.CivilFraudTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Brief-of-non-party-appellants-against-sanctions-imposed-on-them-in-Justice-Engoron-Sept.-26-summary-judgment-July-22-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brief of non-party appellants against sanctions imposed on them in summary judgment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (July 22, 2024)</span></li> <li aria-level="1"></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JustSecurityN.Y.CivilFraudTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Non-party-appellants-joint-reply-brief-in-support-of-appeal-from-sanctions-imposed-in-summary-judgment-Aug.-30-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Non-party appellants joint reply brief in support of appeal from sanctions imposed in summary judgment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Aug. 30, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JustSecurityN.Y.CivilFraudTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94OAG-brief-in-defendants-joint-appeal-summary-judgment-final-judgment-non-party-appeal-against-sanctions-Aug272024-enteredAug29.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">State of New York corrected respondent brief to (1) defendants joint appeal from summary judgment and final judgment, and (2) non-party appeal from sanctions imposed in summary judgment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Aug. 27, 2024) [entered Aug. 29] </span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JustSecurityN.Y.CivilFraudTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Defendants-joint-appeal-brief-against-summary-judgment-and-final-judgment-July-22-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Defendants joint brief in support of appeal from summary judgment and final judgment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (July 22, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JustSecurityN.Y.CivilFraudTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Brief-of-non-party-appellants-against-sanctions-imposed-on-them-in-Justice-Engoron-Sept.-26-summary-judgment-July-22-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brief of non-party appellants against sanctions imposed on them in Justice Engoron Sept. 26, summary judgment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (July 22, 2024)</span></li> </ul> <p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Appeal of Final Decision and Judgment (Pre-Consolidation), NY First Department Appeal, Case No.: </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">(</span><a href="https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/nyscef/DocumentList?docketId=nzcQfVIeLAH6gQK9iRhvJQ==&display=all&courtType=Appellate%20Division%20-%201st%20Dept&resultsPageNum=1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">2024-01134</span></a><i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> & </span></i><a href="https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/nyscef/DocumentList?docketId=UAXDrpjd/ABR2IOhkaUCMw==&display=all&courtType=Appellate%20Division%20-%201st%20Dept&resultsPageNum=1"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">2024-01135</span></i></a><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">) </span></i></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Just-Security-N.Y.-Civil-Fraud-Trump-Clearinghouse-First-Department-grant-OAG-request-to-consolidate-the-defendants-appeals-from-summary-judgment-and-final-judgment-June-25-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order denying State of New York motion to dismiss defendants appeal of summary judgment, but granting motion to consolidate briefing on their appeal and appeals by non-party appellants against sanctions</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (June 25, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Just-Security-N.Y.-Civil-Fraud-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94Trump-filing-confirming-having-posted-a-175-million-undertaking-on-appeal-April-1-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump filing confirming having posted a $175 million undertaking on appeal</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (April 1, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/JustSecurityN.Y.CivilFraudTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Order-granting-in-part-Trump-motion-to-stay-Engoron-judgment-pending-appeal.-Must-post-bond-175m-April-4-March252024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order granting in part Trump motion to stay Engoron judgment pending appeal – all portions of the judgment stayed except (1) extending and enhancing the role of the Monitor and (2) directing the installation of an Independent Director of Compliance, so long as Trump posts an undertaking of $175 million by April 4</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (March 25, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Just-Security-N.Y.-Civil-Fraud-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-State-of-New-York-affirmation-in-surreply-to-defendants-motion-for-a-stay-pending-appeal-March-22-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">State of New York affirmation in surreply to defendants motion for a stay pending appeal</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (March 22, 2024)</span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Just-Security-N.Y.-Civil-Fraud-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Court-granting-OAG-letter-seeking-permission-file-a-surreply-to-defendants-motion-for-a-stay-pending-appeal-March-22-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Court grants State of New York letter seeking permission to file a surreply to defendants motion for a stay pending appeal</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (March 22, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Just-Security-N.Y.-Civil-Fraud-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Defendants-response-letter-to-OAG-letter-seeking-permission-to-file-a-surreply-to-defendants-motion-for-a-stay-pending-appeal-March-21-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Defendants response letter to State of New York letter seeking permission to file a surreply to defendants motion for a stay pending appeal</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (March 21, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Just-Security-N.Y.-Civil-Fraud-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-State-of-New-York-letter-seeking-permission-to-file-a-surreply-to-defendants-motion-for-a-stay-pending-appeal-March-20-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">State of New York letter seeking permission to file a surreply to defendants motion for a stay pending appeal</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (March 20, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Just-Security-N.Y.-Civil-Fraud-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-OAG-letter-seeking-permission-file-surreply-to-defendants-motion-for-a-stay-pending-appeal-exhibited-proposed-surreply-March-202024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">State of New York letter seeking permission to file a surreply to defendants motion for a stay pending appeal (and exhibited proposed affirmation in surreply)</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (March 20, 2024) [this filing was later deleted from the docket, with the state filing an amended letter seeking permission to file, receiving permission and filing the surreply again, as above]</span></li> </ul> </li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Just-Security-N.Y.-Civil-Fraud-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Reply-mem.-supporting-motion-stay-pending-appeal-Feb.-16-decision-Feb.-23-final-judgment-March-17-2024e-filed-March-18.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Defendants reply memorandum of law in support of application for stay pending appeal of Feb. 16 decision and order and Feb. 23 final judgment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (March 17, 2024) [e-filed March 18]</span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Just-Security-N.Y.-Civil-Fraud-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Affirmation-supporting-teply-mem.-supporting-motion-stay-pending-appeal-Feb.-16-decision-Feb.-23-final-judgment-March-18-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Affirmation in support of defendants reply memorandum of law in support of application for stay pending appeal of Feb. 16 decision and order and Feb. 23 final judgment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (March 18, 2024)</span></li> </ul> </li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Just-Security-Mar-a-Lago-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94OAG-mem.-in-opposition-to-application-for-stay-pending-appeal-of-Feb.-16-decision-Feb.-23-final-judgment-March-11-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">State of New York memorandum of law in opposition to application for stay pending appeal of Feb. 16 decision and order and Feb. 23 final judgment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (March 11, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/JustSecurityN.Y.CivilFraudTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Order-granting-Ds-application-interim-stay-final-judgment-pending-appeal-respect-all-matters-sought-except-enforcement-fineFeb.-28-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order granting defendants application for interim stay of final judgment pending appeal in respect of all matters sought except enforcement of the fine imposed, and setting briefing and oral argument</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Feb. 28, 2024)</span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Just-Security-N.Y.-Civil-Fraud-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-AG-opposition-Ds-emergency-application-for-interim-stay-pending-appeal-Feb.-16-decisionorder-Feb.-23-final-judgmentFeb.-28-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">State of New York opposition to defendants joint emergency application for an interim stay pending appeal of Feb. 16 decision and order and Feb. 23 final judgment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Feb. 28, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Just-Security-N.Y.-Civil-Fraud-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Defendants-joint-application-for-a-stay-pending-appeal-of-Justice-Engoron-Feb.-16-decision-and-order-and-Feb.-23-judgment-Feb.-28-2024-1.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Defendants joint emergency application for an interim stay pending appeal of Feb. 16 decision and order and Feb. 23 final judgment, including order to show cause, exhibits</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (and </span><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Just-Security-N.Y.-Civil-Fraud-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-MemOfLaw-in-support-defendants-emergency-application-interim-stay-pending-appeal-Feb.-16-decisionorder-Feb.-23-final-judgment-Feb.-28-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">memorandum of law in support</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) (Feb. 28, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Just-Security-N.Y.-Civil-Fraud-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94Defendants-notice-of-appeal-of-Feb.-23-judgment-Feb.-26-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Defendants notice of appeal of Feb. 23 judgment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Feb. 26, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Just-Security-N.Y.-Civil-Fraud-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Defendants-notice-of-appeal-of-Feb.-16-decision-and-order-Feb.-26-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Defendants notice of appeal of Feb. 16 decision and order</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Feb. 26, 2024)</span></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Appeal of Summary Judgment (Pre-Consolidation), NY First Department Appeal, Case No.: </span></i><a href="https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/nyscef/DocumentList?docketId=e5uCZdnX6Hk42lLyXZPRpQ==&display=all&courtType=Appellate%20Division%20-%201st%20Dept&resultsPageNum=1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">2023-04925</span></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Just-Security-N.Y.-Civil-Fraud-Trump-Clearinghouse-First-Department-grant-OAG-request-to-consolidate-the-defendants-appeals-from-summary-judgment-and-final-judgment-June-25-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order denying State of New York motion to dismiss defendants appeal of summary judgment, but granting motion to consolidate briefing on their appeal and appeals by non-party appellants against sanctions</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (June 25, 2024)</span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JustSecurityN.Y.CivilFraudTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Non-party-affirmation-in-opposition-OAG-motion-to-dismiss-or-alternative-consolidate-briefing-June-14-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Non-party appellants affirmation in opposition to State of New York motion to dismiss or, in the alternative, consolidate briefing</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (June 14, 2024) </span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JustSecurityN.Y.CivilFraudTrumpClearinghouse%E2%80%94Defendants-memorandum-of-law-opposition-OAG-motion-to-dismiss-or-alternative-consolidate-briefing-June-13-2024-entered-June-14.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Defendants memorandum of law in opposition to Courts Law Enforcement Rule of Law Bank Fraud Corporate Liability corporations Insurance Fraud Law enforcement Michael Cohen New York State Attorney General Letitia James Trump Organization Norman L. Eisen Clearinghouse: January 6th Election Interference Case – District of Columbia https://www.justsecurity.org/89122/clearinghouse-january-6th-election-interference-case-district-of-columbia/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=clearinghouse-january-6th-election-interference-case-district-of-columbia Just Security urn:uuid:6302859e-22d1-c41e-f738-938487997af7 Fri, 01 Nov 2024 04:25:25 -0400 <p>This repository contains a collection of information for researchers, journalists, educators, scholars, and the public at large. This particular repository is part of a much larger collection – the Trump Trials Clearinghouse – which contains similar documents and information related to other criminal and civil trials involving former President Donald Trump. The repository and other [&#8230;]</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89122/clearinghouse-january-6th-election-interference-case-district-of-columbia/">Clearinghouse: January 6th Election Interference Case &#8211; District of Columbia</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <p>This repository contains a collection of information for researchers, journalists, educators, scholars, and the public at large. This particular repository is part of a much larger collection – the <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/88175/trump-trials-clearinghouse" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Trump Trials Clearinghouse</a> – which contains similar documents and information related to other criminal and civil trials involving former President Donald Trump.</p> <p>The repository and other parts of the Trump Trials Clearinghouse will be continually updated. If you think the repository is missing something, please send recommendations for additional content by email to <a href="mailto:lte@justsecurity.org">lte@justsecurity.org</a>.</p> <div id="accordions-89116" class="accordions-89116 accordions" data-accordions={&quot;lazyLoad&quot;:true,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;89116&quot;,&quot;event&quot;:&quot;click&quot;,&quot;collapsible&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;heightStyle&quot;:&quot;content&quot;,&quot;animateStyle&quot;:&quot;swing&quot;,&quot;animateDelay&quot;:1000,&quot;navigation&quot;:true,&quot;active&quot;:999,&quot;expandedOther&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;URLHash&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;headerToggle&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;scrollTop&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;scrollTopOffset&quot;:100,&quot;stats&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}> <div id="accordions-lazy-89116" class="accordions-lazy" accordionsId="89116"> </div> <div id="expand-collapse-89116" class="expand-collapse" accordion-id="89116"> <span class="expand"><i class="fas fa-expand"></i> Expand all</span><span class="collapse"><i class="fas fa-compress"></i> Collapse all</span> </div> <style type="text/css"> .accordions-89116 .expand-collapse { background-color: #2c7f96 !important; } </style> <div id="search-input-89116" class="search-input-wrap"> <input class="search-input" placeholder="" value=""> </div> <script style="display: none;"> jQuery(document).ready(function($) { jQuery(document).on('keyup', '#search-input-89116 input.search-input', function() { keyword = jQuery(this).val().toLowerCase(); content_head = []; content_body = []; $('#accordions-89116 .items .accordions-head-title').each(function(index) { content = $(this).text().toLowerCase(); content_head[index] = content; $(this).parent().removeClass("accordion-header-active"); $(this).parent().removeClass("ui-state-active"); }); $('#accordions-89116 .items .accordion-content').each(function(index) { $(this).hide(); content = $(this).text().toLowerCase(); content_body[index] = content + ' ' + content_head[index]; n = content_body[index].indexOf(keyword); if (n < 0) { $(this).prev().hide(); } else { $(this).prev().show(); } }); }) }) </script> <div class="items" style="display:none" > <div post_id="89116" itemcount="0" header_id="header-1696423615346" id="header-1696423615346" style="" class="accordions-head head1696423615346 border-semi-round" toggle-text="" main-text="Relevant Court Proceedings"> <span id="accordion-icons-1696423615346" class="accordion-icons"> <span class="accordion-icon-active accordion-plus"><i class="fas fa-chevron-up"></i></span> <span class="accordion-icon-inactive accordion-minus"><i class="fas fa-chevron-right"></i></span> </span> <span id="header-text-1696423615346" class="accordions-head-title">Relevant Court Proceedings</span> </div> <div class="accordion-content content1696423615346 "> <h4><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>Charging Instrument </b></span></h4> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JustSecurity-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94Superseding-indictment-August-27-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Superseding Indictment of Donald Trump</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Aug. 27, 2024)</span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JustSecurity-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94Government-notice-of-superseding-indictment-Aug.-27-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Government notice of Superseding Indictment of Donald Trump</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Aug. 27, 2024)</span></li> </ul> </li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Federal-Indictment-of-Donald-Trump-August-1-2023.pdf">Indictment of Donald Trump</a> (Aug. 1, 2023)</li> </ul> <h4><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>Filings and orders following Aug. 2, 2024 mandate</b></span></h4> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Just-Security-Jan-6-DC-Trump-Clearinghouse-Govt-opposition-Trump-motion-leave-file-motion-dismiss-injunctive-relief-on-Appointments-and-Appropriations-Clauses-Oct.-31-2024-.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Government response in opposition to Trump motion for leave to file motion, and in opposition to proposed substantive motion, to dismiss and for injunctive relief based on violations of the Appointments and Appropriations Clauses</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 31, 2024)  </span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Just-Security-Jan-6-DC-Trump-Clearinghouse-Trump-motion-leave-file-motion-dismiss-injunctive-relief-on-Appointments-and-Appropriations-Clauses-Oct.-24-2024-.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump motion for leave to file motion to dismiss and for injunctive relief based on violations of the Appointments and Appropriations Clauses (and proposed motion)</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 24, 2024) </span></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Just-Security-Jan-6-DC-Trump-Clearinghouse-Minute-order-grant-Trump-motion-continue-deadline-PI-compel-immunity-related-discovery-reply-leave-file-MTD-AppointmentsAppropriations-Oct282024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Minute order granting Trump motion to continue deadlines on  presidential immunity briefing, motion to compel immunity-related discovery, and reply in support of motion to file a motion to dismiss based on the Appointments and Appropriations Clauses</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 28, 2024)</span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Just-Security-Jan-6-DC-Trump-Clearinghouse-Trump-motion-continue-deadlines-re-presidential-immunity-compel-immunity-related-discovery-reply-leave-file-MTD-AppointmentsAppropriations-Oct282024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump motion to continue deadlines on  presidential immunity briefing, motion to compel immunity-related discovery, and reply in support of motion to file a motion to dismiss based on the Appointments and Appropriations Clauses</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 25, 2024)</span></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Just-Security-Jan-6-DC-Trump-Clearinghouse-Minute-order-granting-government-motion-to-set-an-additional-Jencks-Act-deadline-Oct.-28-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Minute order granting government motion to set an additional Jencks Act deadline</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Oct. 28, 2024)</span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Just-Security-Jan-6-DC-Trump-Clearinghouse-Government-motion-to-set-an-additional-Jencks-Act-deadline-Oct.-25-2024.pdf"><span>Government motion to set an additional Jencks Act deadline</span></a><span> (Oct. 25, 2024)</span></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Minute-order-lifting-Oct.-10-stay-order-directing-public-filing-redacted-appendix-to-government-motion-for-Immunity-Determinations-Oct182024.pdf">Minute order lifting Oct. 10 stay of order directing public filing of redacted appendix to government motion for “Immunity Determinations,” and directing the Clerk of the Court to docket the redacted appendix</a> (Oct. 18, 2024) <ul> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Order-deny-Trump-motion-continue-stay-Oct.-10-order-directing-public-docketing-redacted-appendix-govt-motion-Immunity-Determinations-Oct-17-2024.pdf">Order denying Trump motion to continue stay of Oct. 10 order directing public docketing of redacted appendix to government motion for “Immunity Determinations”</a> (Oct 17, 2024)</li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Trump-motion-continue-stay-Oct.-10-order-directing-public-docketing-redacted-appendix-govt-motion-for-Immunity-Determinations-Oct172024.pdf">Trump motion to continue stay of Oct. 10 order directing public docketing of redacted appendix to government motion for “Immunity Determinations”</a> (Oct. 17, 2024)</li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Order-granting-govt-motion-file-redacted-appendix-motion-Immunity-Determinations-on-public-docket-Trump-request-stay-of-order-7-days-Oct102024.pdf">Order granting (1) government motion to file redacted appendix to motion for “Immunity Determinations” on public docket and (2) Trump request for a stay of order for seven days to “evaluate litigation options”</a> (Oct. 10, 2024)</li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Trump-submission-regarding-government-proposed-redactions-to-its-motion-for-Immunity-Determinations-Oct.-10-2024.pdf">Trump submission regarding government proposed redactions to its motion for “Immunity Determinations”</a> (Oct. 10, 2024)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Govt-opposition-Trump-supplemental-motion-dismiss-indictment-based-the-statutory-grounds-Oct162024.pdf">Government response in opposition to Trump supplemental to motion to dismiss the indictment based on the statutory grounds</a> (Oct. 16, 2024) <ul> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Just-Security-Jan-6-DC-Trump-Clearinghouse-Trump-supplemental-to-motion-to-dismiss-the-indictment-based-on-the-statutory-grounds-Oct.-3-2024.pdf">Trump supplemental to motion to dismiss the indictment based on the statutory grounds</a> (Oct. 3, 2024)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Order-grantdeny-in-part-Trump-motions-compel-for-an-order-re-scope-of-prosecution-team-Oct.-16-2024.pdf">Order granting in part and denying in part Trump motions to compel and for an order regarding the scope of the prosecution team</a> (Oct. 16, 2024) <ul> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Govt-sur-reply-Trump-omnibus-reply-support-discovery-motions-to-compel-order-re-scope-of-prosecution-team-exhibits-Oct12024.pdf">Government sur-reply to Trump omnibus reply in support of discovery motions, including motions to compel and for an order regarding the scope of the prosecution team (and exhibit)</a> (Oct. 1, 2024)</li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Minute-order-grant-govt-motion-leave-file-sur-reply-Trump-omnibus-reply-discovery-motions-to-compel-prosecution-scope-Sept.-25-2024.pdf">Minute order granting government unopposed motion for leave to file sur-reply to Trump omnibus reply in support of discovery motions, including motions to compel and for an order regarding the scope of the prosecution team</a> (Sept. 25, 2024)</li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Govt-unopposed-motion-leave-file-sur-reply-Trump-omnibus-reply-support-discovery-motions-to-compel-prosecution-scope-Sept.242024.pdf">Government unopposed motion for leave to file sur-reply to Trump omnibus reply in support of discovery motions, including motions to compel and for an order regarding the scope of the prosecution team</a> (Sept. 24, 2024)</li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Trump-omnibus-reply-in-further-support-of-discovery-motions-motion-to-compel-and-on-scope-of-prosecution-Sept.-19-2024.pdf">Trump omnibus reply in further support of discovery motions, including motions to compel and for an order regarding the scope of the prosecution team</a> (Sept. 19, 2024) <ul> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="3"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-notice-filing-classified-supplement-Trump-omnibus-reply-further-support-discovery-motions-motion-compel-scope-of-prosecution-Sept.-19-2024.pdf">Notice of filing a classified supplement to Trump omnibus reply in further support of discovery motions, including motions to compel and for an order regarding the scope of the prosecution team</a> (Sept. 19, 2024)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Just-Security-Jan-6-DC-Trump-Clearinghouse-Government-motion-for-Immunity-Determinations-Oct.-2-2024.pdf">Government motion for “Immunity Determinations”</a> (Oct. 2, 2024) <ul> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Appendix-Vol.-I-to-government-motion-for-Immunity-Determinations-entered-Oct.-18-2024.pdf">Appendix Vol. I to government motion for “Immunity Determinations”</a> [entered Oct. 18, 2024]</li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Appendix-Vol.-II-to-government-motion-for-Immunity-Determinations-entered-Oct.-18-2024.pdf">Appendix Vol. II to government motion for “Immunity Determinations”</a> [entered Oct. 18, 2024]</li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Appendix-Vol.-III-to-government-motion-for-Immunity-Determinations-entered-Oct.-18-2024.pdf">Appendix Vol. III to government motion for “Immunity Determinations”</a> [entered Oct. 18, 2024]</li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Appendix-Vol.-IV-to-government-motion-for-Immunity-Determinations-entered-Oct.-18-2024.pdf">Appendix Vol. IV to government motion for “Immunity Determinations”</a> [entered Oct. 18, 2024]</li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Government-motion-leave-file-unredacted-sealed-motion-Immunity-Determinations-redacted-version-on-public-docket-Sept272024.pdf">Government motion for leave to file an unredacted, under seal motion on “Immunity Determinations,” and to file a redacted version of that motion on the public docket</a> (Sept. 27, 2024)</li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Minute-order-setting-briefing-on-redactions-in-government-motion-for-Immunity-Determinations-and-appendix-to-that-motion-Sept.-27-2024.pdf">Minute order setting deadlines for Trump objections to redactions in government motion for “Immunity Determinations” and appendix to that motion</a> (Sept. 27, 2024)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Order-granting-govt-motion-leave-file-oversized-opening-brief-Presidential-Immunity-denying-Trump-request-reconsiderscheduling-order-Sept242024.pdf">Opinion and order granting government opposed motion for leave to file oversized opening brief on Presidential Immunity and denying Trump request to reconsider Sept. 5 scheduling order</a> (Sept. 24, 2024) <ul> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Trump-opposition-to-government-motion-for-leave-to-file-oversized-brief-on-Presidential-Immunity-Sept.-23-2024.pdf">Trump opposition to government motion for leave to file oversized opening brief on Presidential Immunity, and request to reconsider Sept. 5 scheduling order</a> (Sept. 23, 2024)</li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Minute-order-setting-Sept.-23-5pm-deadline-Trump-opposition-to-govt-motion-for-leave-to-file-oversized-brief-on-Presidential-Immunity-Sept.-21-2024-.pdf">Minute order: Trump shall file any opposition to government motion for leave to file oversized brief on Presidential Immunity by Sept. 23, 2024, at 5 PM</a> (Sept. 21, 2024)</li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Government-opposed-motion-for-leave-to-file-oversized-brief-on-Presidential-Immunity-Sept.-21-2024-.pdf">Government opposed motion for leave to file oversized opening brief on Presidential Immunity</a> (Sept. 21, 2024)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Schedule-order-on-disclosures-MTDs-immunity-staying-pretrial-deadlines-excluding-Speedy-Trial-time-reopening-dismissal-motion-Sept.-5-2024.pdf">Order setting briefing schedule on evidentiary disclosures, motions to compel and dismiss, presidential immunity, and staying all other pretrial deadlines, excluding Aug. 2 to Oct. 24 from Speedy Trial computation, and reopening motion to dismiss on statutory grounds</a> (Sept. 5, 2024)</li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Minute-entry-of-Sept.-5-arraingment-and-status-conference-Sept.-5-2024.pdf">Minute entry of Sept. 5 arraignment and status conference</a> (Sept. 5, 2024)</li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Government-notice-of-filing-its-classified-ex-parte-in-camera-and-under-seal-notice-regarding-classified-discovery-Sept.-4-2024.pdf">Government notice of filing its classified, ex parte, in camera, and under seal notice regarding classified discovery</a> (Sept. 4, 2024)</li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Minute-order-granting-motion-for-waiver-of-Trump-presence-at-arraignment-Sept.-3-2024.pdf">Minute order granting motion for waiver of Trump presence at arraignment</a> (Sept. 3, 2024) <ul> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-Motion-for-waiver-of-Trump-presence-at-arraignment-Sept.-3-2024.pdf">Motion for waiver of Trump presence at arraignment</a> (Sept. 3, 2024)</li> </ul> </li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Just-Security-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94Joint-status-report-Aug.-30-2024.pdf">Joint status report</a> (Aug. 30, 2024)</li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JustSecurity-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94Superseding-indictment-August-27-2024.pdf">Superseding Indictment of Donald Trump</a> (Aug. 27, 2024) <ul> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JustSecurity-Jan.-6-D.C.-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94Government-notice-of-superseding-indictment-Aug.-27-2024.pdf">Government notice of Superseding Indictme Courts Law Enforcement Rule of Law 2020 presidential election election interference House Select Committee on January 6 January 6th Attack on US Capitol Law enforcement Special Counsel Jack Smith Norman L. Eisen Clearinghouse: 2016 Election Interference Case – Manhattan District Attorney https://www.justsecurity.org/89089/clearinghouse-2016-election-interference-case-manhattan-district-attorney/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=clearinghouse-2016-election-interference-case-manhattan-district-attorney Just Security urn:uuid:f93c8a25-7e36-7b74-b8dd-c229e2ad99cc Fri, 01 Nov 2024 04:25:05 -0400 <p>Repository containing a collection of information about Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg's case against Donald Trump.</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89089/clearinghouse-2016-election-interference-case-manhattan-district-attorney/">Clearinghouse: 2016 Election Interference Case &#8211; Manhattan District Attorney</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <p>This repository contains a collection of information for researchers, journalists, educators, scholars, and the public at large. This particular repository is part of a much larger collection – the <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/88175/trump-trials-clearinghouse" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Trump Trials Clearinghouse</a> – which contains similar documents and information related to other criminal and civil trials involving former President Donald Trump.</p> <p>The repository and other parts of the Trump Trials Clearinghouse will be continually updated. If you think the repository is missing something, please send recommendations for additional content by email to <a href="mailto:lte@justsecurity.org">lte@justsecurity.org.</a></p> <div id="accordions-88363" class="accordions-88363 accordions" data-accordions={&quot;lazyLoad&quot;:true,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;88363&quot;,&quot;event&quot;:&quot;click&quot;,&quot;collapsible&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;heightStyle&quot;:&quot;content&quot;,&quot;animateStyle&quot;:&quot;swing&quot;,&quot;animateDelay&quot;:1000,&quot;navigation&quot;:true,&quot;active&quot;:999,&quot;expandedOther&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;URLHash&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;headerToggle&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;scrollTop&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;scrollTopOffset&quot;:100,&quot;stats&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}> <div id="accordions-lazy-88363" class="accordions-lazy" accordionsId="88363"> </div> <div id="expand-collapse-88363" class="expand-collapse" accordion-id="88363"> <span class="expand"><i class="fas fa-expand"></i> Expand all</span><span class="collapse"><i class="fas fa-compress"></i> Collapse all</span> </div> <style type="text/css"> .accordions-88363 .expand-collapse { background-color: #2c7f96 !important; } </style> <div id="search-input-88363" class="search-input-wrap"> <input class="search-input" placeholder="" value=""> </div> <script style="display: none;"> jQuery(document).ready(function($) { jQuery(document).on('keyup', '#search-input-88363 input.search-input', function() { keyword = jQuery(this).val().toLowerCase(); content_head = []; content_body = []; $('#accordions-88363 .items .accordions-head-title').each(function(index) { content = $(this).text().toLowerCase(); content_head[index] = content; $(this).parent().removeClass("accordion-header-active"); $(this).parent().removeClass("ui-state-active"); }); $('#accordions-88363 .items .accordion-content').each(function(index) { $(this).hide(); content = $(this).text().toLowerCase(); content_body[index] = content + ' ' + content_head[index]; n = content_body[index].indexOf(keyword); if (n < 0) { $(this).prev().hide(); } else { $(this).prev().show(); } }); }) }) </script> <div class="items" style="display:none" > <div post_id="88363" itemcount="0" header_id="header-16963547430" id="header-16963547430" style="" class="accordions-head head16963547430 border-semi-round" toggle-text="" main-text="Relevant State Court Proceedings"> <span id="accordion-icons-16963547430" class="accordion-icons"> <span class="accordion-icon-active accordion-plus"><i class="fas fa-chevron-up"></i></span> <span class="accordion-icon-inactive accordion-minus"><i class="fas fa-chevron-right"></i></span> </span> <span id="header-text-16963547430" class="accordions-head-title">Relevant State Court Proceedings</span> </div> <div class="accordion-content content16963547430 "> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>State of New York v. Trump, <a href="https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/webcrim_attorney/Detail?which=case&docketNumber=GI2EiBlp2xKw2X3yzpC/YA==&countyId=ftUCLXxA/VgUxT4CDSVwBw==&docketId=njFxMUl5XftJPCCQbDSj5Q==&docketDseq=o6PDyKIx4BvSfbvyCgDnHw==&defendantName=Trump,+Donald+J&court=New+York+Supreme+Court+-+Criminal+Term&courtType=S&recordType=C&recordNum=RKp1rFtdXC7ieuIS9t1_PLUS_0A==">Case No.: IND-71543-23</a></strong></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>Charging Documents and Arraignment</b></span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Hush-Money-New-York-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-State-of-New-York-response-to-Trump-request-for-a-bill-of-particulars-May-16-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">State of New York response to Trump request for a bill of particulars</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (May 16, 2023)</span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Hush-Money-New-York-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Trump-request-for-bill-of-particulars-April-27-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump request for bill of particulars</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (April 27, 2023)</span></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Just-Security-NY-2016-Election-Interference-Case-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94Trump-case-file-April-4-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump case file</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (April 4, 2023)</span></li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Hush-Money-New-York-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Trump-arraignment-hearing-transcript-April-4-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Transcript of arraignment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (April 4, 2023)</span></li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Just-Security-Hush-Money-New-York-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Trump-Indictment-indicted-March-30-2023-and-released-to-public-April-4-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump Indictment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (indicted on March 30, 2023 released on April 4, 2023) and </span><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Just-Security-NY-2016-Election-Interference-Trump-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-%E2%80%94-Trump-statement-of-facts-supporting-indictment-April-4-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">statement of facts</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (April 4, 2023)</span></li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Just-Security-NY-2016-Election-Interference-Case-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94Order-unsealing-indictment-April-4-2023-.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order unsealing indictment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (April 4, 2023) </span></li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse%E2%80%94Transcript-of-hearing-on-application-of-news-organizations-to-unseal-indictment-April-4-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Transcript of hearing on application of news organizations to unseal indictment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (April 4, 2023)</span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Just-Security-NY-2016-Election-Interference-Case-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Application-of-news-organizations-to-unseal-indictment-March-31-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Application of news organizations to unseal indictment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (March 31, 2023)</span></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse%E2%80%94Order-on-application-of-news-organizations-to-permit-videography-photography-and-radio-coverage-of-the-arraignment-April-3-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order on application of news organizations to permit videography, photography, and radio coverage of the arraignment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (April 3, 2023)</span> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse%E2%80%94Supplemental-submission-supporting-application-news-organizations-permit-videography-photography-radio-coverage-of-arraignment-April3-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Supplemental submission in further support of application of news organizations to permit videography, photography, and radio coverage of the arraignment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (April 3, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse%E2%80%94DANY-response-to-application-of-news-organizations-to-permit-videography-photography-radio-coverage-of-arraignment-April-3-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">State of New York response to application of news organizations to permit videography, photography, and radio coverage of the arraignment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (April 3, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse%E2%80%94Trump-opposition-application-news-organizations-to-permit-videography-photography-radio-coverage-of-arraignment-April-3-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump opposition to application of news organizations to permit videography, photography, and radio coverage of the arraignment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (April 3, 2023)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse%E2%80%94Application-of-news-organizations-to-permit-videography-photography-and-radio-coverage-of-the-arraignment-March-31-2023.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Application of news organizations to permit videography, photography, and radio coverage of the arraignment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (March 31, 2023)</span></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Just-Security-NY-2016-Election-Interference-Case-Clearinghouse-%E2%80%94-Order-confirming-the-existence-of-grand-jury-true-bill-and-indictment-March-30-2023-e-filed-March-31.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order confirming the existence of grand jury true bill and indictment</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (March 30, 2023) (entered March 31)</span></li> </ul> <p><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Verdict </span></strong></p> <ul> <li><b><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse-Verdict-sheet-May-30-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Verdict Form</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (May 30, 2024)</span></b></li> </ul> <p><b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Sentencing</span> </b></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse%E2%80%94Order-adjourning-sentencing-until-Nov-26-2024-and-presidential-immunity-decision-until-Nov-12-2024-Sept.-6-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order adjourning (1) sentencing until November 26, 2024, and (2) decision on Trump motion to dismiss based on Presidential Immunity until November 12, 2024</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Sept. 6, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse%E2%80%94DANY-letter-to-Second-Circuit-confirming-a-September-6-decision-by-Merchan-on-motion-adjourn-sentencing-until-after-election-Sept.-5-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">State of New York letter to Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, confirming a September 6, 2024, decision by Justice Merchan on motion to adjourn sentencing until after the election</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Sept. 5, 2024) [state filing in 2d Cir. removal appeal]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse%E2%80%94Justice-Merchan-email-confirming-decision-on-Sept.-5-on-Trump-request-adjournment-sentencing-until-after-the-election-Aug.-16-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Justice Merchan email confirming a decision will be rendered by September 5, 2024, on Trump pre-motion letter seeking adjournment of sentencing until after the election</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Aug. 16, 2024) [exhibit to state </span><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse%E2%80%94DANY-opposition-Trump-motion-for-stay-pending-appeal-of-District-Court-order-denying-leave-to-file-second-notice-of-removal-Sept.-5-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">filing</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> in 2d Cir. removal appeal]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse%E2%80%94State-of-New-York-letter-in-response-to-Trump-request-for-adjournment-of-sentencing-Aug.-16-2024-entered-Aug.-19.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">State of New York letter in response to Trump request for adjournment of sentencing</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Aug. 16, 2024) [entered Aug. 19]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse%E2%80%94Trump-premotion-letter-seeking-adjournment-of-sentencing-until-after-the-election-Aug.-14-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump pre-motion letter seeking adjournment of sentencing until after the election</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Aug. 14, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse-Order-adjourn-sentencing-September-18-sett-briefing-schedule-Trump-motion-set-aside-on-SCOTUS-presidential-immunity-decision-July-2-2024.pdf">Order adjourning sentencing until September 18, 2024</a> (July 2, 2024)</li> </ul> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>Presidential Immunity</b></span></p> <p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vacate Jury Verdict and Dismiss Indictment</span></i></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse%E2%80%94Order-adjourning-sentencing-until-Nov-26-2024-and-presidential-immunity-decision-until-Nov-12-2024-Sept.-6-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order adjourning (1) sentencing until November 26, 2024, and (2) decision on Trump motion to dismiss based on Presidential Immunity until November 12, 2024</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Sept. 6, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse%E2%80%94Merchan-letter-decision-motion-recusal-weekofAug.11-motion-set-aside-jury-verdict-MTD-SCOTUS-presidential-immunity-Sept.16-Aug.52024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Justice Merchan letter to parties on change of schedule: decision on motion to set aside jury verdict and dismiss the indictment on the basis of the U.S. Supreme Court’s presidential immunity decision in <em>Trump v. United States</em> to be handed down on September 16. 2024 (previously Sept. 6); and decision on Trump second renewed motion for recusal to be handed down the week of August 11, 2024</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Aug. 5, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse-Trump-reply-further-support-post-trial-motion-vacate-conviction-dismiss-indictment-basis-SCOTUS-presidential-immunity-decisionJuly312024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump reply in further support of his post-trial motion to vacate his conviction and dismiss the indictment on the basis of the U.S. Supreme Court's presidential immunity decision in </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump v. United States</span></i></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (July 31, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse-DA-opposition-Trump-post-trial-motion-vacate-conviction-dismiss-indictment-on-basis-Supreme-Court-presidential-immunity-decision-July242024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">State of New York memorandum of law in opposition to Trump post-trial motion to vacate his conviction and dismiss the indictment on the basis of the U.S. Supreme Court's presidential immunity decision in </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump v. United States</span></i></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (July 24, 2024) [entered July 25]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse-Trump-post-trial-motion-to-dismiss-the-indictment-and-vacate-the-jurys-verdicts-July102024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump post-trial motion to vacate his conviction and dismiss the indictment on the basis of the U.S. Supreme Court's presidential immunity decision in </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump v. United States</span></i></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (and </span><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse-Todd-Blanche-affirmation-exhibits-post-trial-motion-vacate-conviction-dismiss-indictment-SCOTUS-presidential-immunity-decisionJuly312024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">affirmation of Todd Clanche and exhibits in support</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) (July 10, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse-Order-adjourn-sentencing-September-18-sett-briefing-schedule-Trump-motion-set-aside-on-SCOTUS-presidential-immunity-decision-July-2-2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Order setting briefing schedule for Trump post-trial motion to vacate his conviction and dismiss the indictment on the basis of the U.S. Supreme Court's presidential immunity decision in </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump v. United States</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and adjourning sentencing until September 18, 2024</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (July 2, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse-DANY-response-Trump-pre-motion-leave-file-motion-set-aside-jury-verdict-SCOTUS-presidential-immunity-agree-sentence-adjournJuly22024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">State of New York response to Trump pre-motion letter seeking leave to file post-trial motion to vacate his conviction and dismiss the indictment on the basis of the U.S. Supreme Court's presidential immunity decision in </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trump v. United States</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and agreeing to adjourn sentencing pending resolution of the aforementioned</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (July 2, 2024)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/JustSecurityNY2016ElectionInterferenceCaseClearinghouse-Trump-pre-motion-letter-seeking-leave-to-file-motion-to-set-aside-jurys-verdict-based-on-SCOTUS-presidential-immunity-decision-July-1-2024.pdf">Trump pre-motion letter seeking leave to file post-trial motion to vacate his conviction and dismiss the indictment on the basis of the U.S. Supreme Court's presidential immunity decision in Trump v. United States file</a> (July 1, 2024)</li> </ul> <p><em>Exclude Evidence/Adjournment </em></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/JustSecurityNY2 Courts Law Enforcement Rule of Law 2016 Presidential Elections Alvin Bragg election interference Federal Election Commission (FEC) Law enforcement Manhattan Trump Criminal Trial Michael Cohen Norman L. Eisen Trump Trials Clearinghouse https://www.justsecurity.org/88175/trump-trials-clearinghouse/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=trump-trials-clearinghouse Just Security urn:uuid:8f37a628-f0ce-563c-4a8d-ec31112d6795 Fri, 01 Nov 2024 04:00:56 -0400 <p>Welcome to this all-source, public resource for analysts, researchers, investigators, journalists, educators, and the public at large.</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/88175/trump-trials-clearinghouse/">Trump Trials Clearinghouse</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Former President Donald Trump is a defendant in a sizable number of criminal and civil cases. To help readers parse through these complex legal developments, we have centralized information on Trump’s major cases in the most comprehensive clearinghouse of its kind. Below you will find links to relevant court proceedings, key statutes, government documents, and defense documents – as well as </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Just Security</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> resources and analysis, media and other guides. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="color: #ff0000;">NEW</span>: The clearinghouse also includes <em>Just Security</em> Journalism Fellow Adam Klasfeld&#8217;s <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/klasfeldadam/">courtroom reporting and coverage</a> of the issues. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">We will continue updating this page with new information as the trials develop. Moreover, as Trump’s co-defendants plead guilty and cases close, this page will remain a one-stop source for those matters. We hope this repository of information will be useful for analysts, researchers, investigators, journalists, educators, and the public at large. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you think the Trump Trials Clearinghouse is missing something important, please send recommendations for additional content by email to </span><a href="mailto:lte@justsecurity.org"><span style="font-weight: 400;">lte@justsecurity.org</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <h4 style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/88039/trumps-legal-and-political-calendar-all-the-dates-you-need-to-know/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Master Calendar of Trump Court Dates and the 2024 Campaign<img data-recalc-dims="1" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="wp-image-88178 aligncenter" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/calendar-trump-cases-scaled.jpg?resize=580%2C250&#038;ssl=1" alt="" width="580" height="250" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/calendar-trump-cases-scaled.jpg?w=2560&amp;ssl=1 2560w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/calendar-trump-cases-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C129&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/calendar-trump-cases-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C442&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/calendar-trump-cases-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C331&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/calendar-trump-cases-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C663&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/calendar-trump-cases-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C883&amp;ssl=1 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px" /></span></strong></a></h4> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4 style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89089/clearinghouse-hush-money-2016-election-interference-case-manhattan-district-attorney/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>New York: 2016 Election<br /> </strong></span></a><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89089/clearinghouse-hush-money-2016-election-interference-case-manhattan-district-attorney/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-85771" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/BeFunky-collage-4-20-scaled.jpg?resize=530%2C246&#038;ssl=1" alt="IMAGE (L to R): Former U.S. President Donald Trump arrives during a rally at the Waco Regional Airport on March 25, 2023 in Waco, Texas (Photo by Brandon Bell/Getty Images); Former Trump Attorney Michael Cohen arrives at the district attorney's office to complete his testimony before a grand jury on March 15, 2023 in New York. (Photo by Yuki IWAMURA / AFP) (Photo by YUKI IWAMURA/AFP via Getty Images); David J. Pecker, CEO of Hachette Filipacchi Magazines, applauds during a press conference (Photo credit should read BOB STRONG/AFP via Getty Images); Adult film actress Stormy Daniels (Stephanie Clifford) speaks to the media as she exit the United States District Court Southern District of New York for a hearing related to Michael Cohen, President Trump's longtime personal attorney and confidante, April 16, 2018 in New York City. (Photo by Drew Angerer/Getty Images) " width="530" height="246" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/BeFunky-collage-4-20-scaled.jpg?w=2560&amp;ssl=1 2560w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/BeFunky-collage-4-20-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C139&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/BeFunky-collage-4-20-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C475&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/BeFunky-collage-4-20-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C356&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/BeFunky-collage-4-20-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C713&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/BeFunky-collage-4-20-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C951&amp;ssl=1 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 530px) 100vw, 530px" /></a></h4> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4 style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89122/clearinghouse-january-6th-election-interference-case-district-of-columbia/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Department of Justice: 2020 Election Interference</span></strong></a><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89122/clearinghouse-january-6th-election-interference-case-district-of-columbia/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" class=" wp-image-87480 aligncenter" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/collagejan6specialcounselimagesocial.jpg?resize=558%2C252&#038;ssl=1" alt="IMAGE: (L) Special Counsel Jack Smith delivers remarks on a recently unsealed indictment including four felony counts against former U.S. President Donald Trump at the Justice Department on August 1, 2023 in Washington, DC. (Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images); (R) Members of the House Select Committee to Investigate the January 6 Attack on the U.S. Capitol hold its last public meeting in the Canon House Office Building on Capitol Hill on December 19, 2022 in Washington, DC. (Photo by Jim Lo Scalzo-Pool/Getty Images)" width="558" height="252" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/collagejan6specialcounselimagesocial.jpg?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/collagejan6specialcounselimagesocial.jpg?resize=300%2C135&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/collagejan6specialcounselimagesocial.jpg?resize=768%2C347&amp;ssl=1 768w" sizes="(max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px" /></a></h4> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4 style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89123/clearinghouse-georgia-election-interference-case/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Georgia: 2020 Election Interference</a><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89123/clearinghouse-georgia-election-interference-case/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-88176 aligncenter" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/fulton-county-georgia-collage-scaled.jpg?resize=552%2C238&#038;ssl=1" alt="" width="552" height="238" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/fulton-county-georgia-collage-scaled.jpg?w=2560&amp;ssl=1 2560w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/fulton-county-georgia-collage-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C129&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/fulton-county-georgia-collage-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C442&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/fulton-county-georgia-collage-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C331&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/fulton-county-georgia-collage-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C663&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/fulton-county-georgia-collage-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C883&amp;ssl=1 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px" /></a></span></strong></h4> <h4></h4> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4 style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89121/clearinghouse-mar-a-lago-documents-case-southern-district-of-florida/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Department of Justice: Classified Documents</strong></span></a><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89121/clearinghouse-mar-a-lago-documents-case-southern-district-of-florida/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-87446 aligncenter" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/MAL-boxes-scaled.jpg?resize=551%2C297&#038;ssl=1" alt="" width="551" height="297" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/MAL-boxes-scaled.jpg?w=2560&amp;ssl=1 2560w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/MAL-boxes-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C162&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/MAL-boxes-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C553&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/MAL-boxes-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C415&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/MAL-boxes-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C830&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/MAL-boxes-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1106&amp;ssl=1 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 551px) 100vw, 551px" /></a></h4> <h4></h4> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4 style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89120/clearinghouse-new-york-attorney-general-corporate-fraud-case/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>New York Attorney General: Corporate Fraud</strong></a><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89120/clearinghouse-new-york-attorney-general-corporate-fraud-case/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img data-recalc-dims="1" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-89175" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/GettyImages-1704700698-e1696425776313-300x169.jpg?resize=523%2C295&#038;ssl=1" alt="" width="523" height="295" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/GettyImages-1704700698-e1696425776313.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/GettyImages-1704700698-e1696425776313.jpg?w=594&amp;ssl=1 594w" sizes="(max-width: 523px) 100vw, 523px" /></a></h4> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h4 style="text-align: center;"></h4> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><i>NB: Sasha Matsuki and Arava Rose also contributed to co-authoring previous versions of this clearinghouse.</i></p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/88175/trump-trials-clearinghouse/">Trump Trials Clearinghouse</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> Courts Accountability election law Georgia (U.S. State) January 6th Attack on US Capitol Manhattan Trump Criminal Trial Mar-a-Lago New York State Attorney General Letitia James Special Counsel Jack Smith Norman L. Eisen US-made jam-resistant drones helped Ukrainians cut through Russia EW https://www.defenseone.com/technology/2024/10/us-made-jam-resistant-drones-are-helping-ukrainians-cut-through-russia-ew/400735/ Defense One - All Content urn:uuid:969467fd-f29f-da50-87a9-421553302180 Thu, 31 Oct 2024 21:02:50 -0400 Shield AI’s V-BATs are giving Kyiv new range, capabilities. Science & Tech Patrick Tucker Shield AI NAVAL AIR: 21st Century Catalina http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htnavai/articles/202411010949.aspx StrategyPage.com urn:uuid:21c2803d-2502-6e2a-724f-08e555f238d6 Thu, 31 Oct 2024 20:09:49 -0400 SUBMARINES: Chinese Sinking Submarine http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htsub/articles/202411010831.aspx StrategyPage.com urn:uuid:bf4f4756-6ebb-01df-2283-08d0e29f008c Thu, 31 Oct 2024 20:08:31 -0400 Pilot error blamed for crash of F-35 that flew for 11 minutes after ejection, investigation finds https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2024/10/pilot-error-blamed-f-35-flew-11-minutes-after-ejection-investigation-finds/400731/ Defense One - All Content urn:uuid:ae9faf51-ad82-e8ac-1d05-ee8b45e00eae Thu, 31 Oct 2024 17:49:11 -0400 Multiple “aircraft electrical and display malfunctions” were not the primary cause of the crash. Threats Audrey Decker F-35Bs on the flightlight at Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, Nov. 24, 2020. U.S. Marine Corps / Staff Sgt. Brittney Vella That F-35 that flew on after the pilot ejected? 'Pilot error' blamed https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2024/10/pilot-error-blamed-f-35-flew-11-minutes-after-ejection-investigation-finds/400731/ Defense One - All Content urn:uuid:9d21fe3e-277a-8ffa-9da8-fd890db72dee Thu, 31 Oct 2024 17:49:11 -0400 But investigators also noted multiple “aircraft electrical and display malfunctions” ahead of the crash. Threats Audrey Decker F-35Bs on the flightlight at Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, Nov. 24, 2020. U.S. Marine Corps / Staff Sgt. Brittney Vella PHOTO: Stout On The Norwegian Sea http://www.strategypage.com/military_photos/military_photos_20241031212457.aspx StrategyPage.com urn:uuid:d14bcd9e-fc47-7fde-738c-04e8ce933b34 Thu, 31 Oct 2024 17:24:57 -0400 The D Brief: N. Korea tests big ICBM; Aussies’ arms ambitions; Pentagon ups recruiting goals; China sanctions US dronemaker; And just a bit more. https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2024/10/the-d-brief-october-31-2024/400703/ Defense One - All Content urn:uuid:e64b9d06-3be5-1f52-5075-bcfd019143b3 Thu, 31 Oct 2024 11:02:36 -0400 Threats Ben Watson and Bradley Peniston Congress Should Protect Americans from Transnational Repression https://www.justsecurity.org/104416/congress-protect-americans-transnational-repression/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=congress-protect-americans-transnational-repression Just Security urn:uuid:51b08f05-7637-5113-429f-7d2f6e7e4645 Thu, 31 Oct 2024 08:54:43 -0400 <p>U.S. Congress should support the Transnational Repression Reporting Act to make clear that cross-border authoritarian repression will not be tolerated in the United States.</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104416/congress-protect-americans-transnational-repression/">Congress Should Protect Americans from Transnational Repression</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Canadian government’s recent</span> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/15/canadian-police-accuse-india-criminal-network-kill-dissidents"><span style="font-weight: 400;">allegations</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> of Indian government involvement in the assassinations of Canadian Sikhs have the sordid quality of a Hollywood B-movie. The Canadian Royal Mounted Police </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51zntZsERoE"><span style="font-weight: 400;">allege</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> that corrupt Indian diplomats worked with imprisoned Indian mob boss Lawrence Bishnoi to carry out overseas assassinations on two Indian Sikhs living in Canada, cooperating with other criminals on a campaign of widespread “extortion, intimidation, coercion and harassment.” </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As disturbing as these charges are, the allegations are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the Indian government’s transnational repression, in particular against Indian Americans. The Indian government also allegedly put out a hit on an American Sikh living New York, has revoked</span> <a href="https://time.com/5721667/aatish-taseer-india-oci/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">overseas citizenship statuses</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> of vocal critics, and</span> <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/24160779/inside-indias-secret-campaign-to-threaten-and-harass-americans"><span style="font-weight: 400;">detained</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and intimidated the India-based relatives of Indians living in the states.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Against these mounting threats, California representative Adam Schiff has initiated a vital campaign to protect Americans from transnational repression. His bipartisan</span> <a href="https://iqconnect.house.gov/iqextranet/iqClickTrk.aspx?&amp;cid=CA28AS&amp;crop=0000.0000.0000.0000&amp;report_id=&amp;redirect=https%3a%2f%2fschiff.house.gov%2fimo%2fmedia%2fdoc%2ftnr_final.pdf&amp;redir_log=372398510197363"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Transnational Repression Reporting Act of 2024</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> — co-sponsored by Representatives Daniel S. Goldman (D-NY), David Valadao (R-CA), Ilhan Omar (D-MN), Barbara Lee (D-CA), James McGovern (D-MA), Eleanor Holmes Norton (D-DC), and Eric Swalwell (D-CA) — would institute an annual public-facing reporting process that would help raise the profile of Americans targeted by foreign governments. The U.S. congress should lend its full support to the bill, thereby taking a crucial first step towards addressing this growing problem. </span></p> <h2><b>India’s Transnational Threat</b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">India’s various threats against nationals residing in the United States represent an extension of the authoritarian practices that activists and journalists in India must contend with. In pursuit of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Hindu nationalist vision for India — a political project that </span><a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/on-religion/the-violent-toll-of-hindu-nationalism-in-india"><span style="font-weight: 400;">deploys violence</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> in order to transform India into a pure Hindu nation, in which other religious minorities are subordinate — the Indian government has widely </span><a href="https://rsf.org/en/modi-ramps-online-censorship-india"><span style="font-weight: 400;">censored</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> independent media, </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/06/29/rana-ayyub-india-journalism-modi-harassment/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">harassed journalists</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and media companies, and </span><a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/24160779/inside-indias-secret-campaign-to-threaten-and-harass-americans"><span style="font-weight: 400;">threatened</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> the families of regime critics.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This effort to suppress dissent now extends overseas, even affecting my U.S. based organization, the Indian American Muslim Council (IAMC). Last year, the Washington Post uncovered an Indian intelligence-associated</span> <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/10/india-the-disinfo-lab-discredit-critics/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">disinformation campaign</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> directed at U.S. officials and human rights groups that had spoken out against the Modi regime. IAMC, along with our ally Hindus for Human Rights, was a primary target in this Indian intelligence-led campaign. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Both of our organizations’ social media accounts have also been geo-blocked in India. In spite of his claim of being a “free speech absolutist,” Elon Musk’s X has routinely caved to Indian government requests to block accounts. Last year, X informed IAMC that our accounts had been taken down in India in response to an Indian government request made under their expansive censorship law, the Information Technology Act. The act has been extensively criticized for its overbroad provisions, with a number of Indian jurists </span><a href="https://www.livemint.com/Politics/DSjZ9XsezZ4fN2GGfkWu1N/SC-seeks-govt-reply-on-PIL-challenging-powers-of-IT-Act.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">attempting</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to challenge its constitutionality. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">IAMC has also been accused of terrorism, simply for posting on X. After IAMC used social media to call on President Joe Biden and Secretary of State Antony Blinken to condemn anti-Muslim violence in the Indian state of Tripura, the Indian press reported that the Indian government </span><a href="https://mronline.org/2021/11/08/tripura-police-books-102-people-under-uapa-for-social-media-posts-against-communal-violence/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">had charged us</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> under the draconian anti-terrorism law, the</span> <a href="https://iamc.com/statement-on-tripura-police-slapping-uapa-on-iamc-over-speaking-up-against-anti-muslim-violence/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Unlawful Activities Prevention Act</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Our posts about the violence “have potential to flare up communal tension in Tripura State between different religious communities, which may result into communal riots,” </span><a href="https://mronline.org/2021/11/08/tripura-police-books-102-people-under-uapa-for-social-media-posts-against-communal-violence/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">according</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to the Indian police statement. Considering how the UAPA has been used to criminalize peaceful dissenters in India, I hold serious reservations about returning to my home country. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The effects of the Indian government’s targeted attacks have had a profound chilling effect on my organization and the Indian American diaspora more broadly. Many of my friends and relatives no longer feel safe to express their thoughts online or in the company of other Indian nationals who may have ties to the Modi-led Indian government. Even a U.S. Congress Member — vocal critic of the Modi regime Rep. Pramila Jayapal (D-WA)—</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;"> </span><a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/24160779/inside-indias-secret-campaign-to-threaten-and-harass-americans"><span style="font-weight: 400;">expressed </span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">fear of speaking out against the Indian government. “I’m always thinking about the impact on my family — for example, if there was some attempt to not allow me back into India,” she said.</span></p> <h2><b>The Transnational Repression Reporting Act</b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Against these real and mounting concerns, California representative Adam Schiff’s </span><a href="https://iqconnect.house.gov/iqextranet/iqClickTrk.aspx?&amp;cid=CA28AS&amp;crop=0000.0000.0000.0000&amp;report_id=&amp;redirect=https%3a%2f%2fschiff.house.gov%2fimo%2fmedia%2fdoc%2ftnr_final.pdf&amp;redir_log=372398510197363"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Transnational Repression Reporting Act of 2024</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> has the potential to vastly help Indian Americans. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">By instituting an annual, attorney general-led reporting process for cases of transnational repression, one which would require American law-enforcement and legislative agencies to record and investigate each attack in a public-facing process, the Act would raise the profile of attacks on American lives and freedoms. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Other American citizens who face intimidation and harassment from foreign governments — including </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2024/chinese-communist-party-us-repression-xi-jinping-apec/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Chinese</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/iran-china-harassing-dissidents-united-states-ee48c1b9c32d187b183faaa616d9ab16"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Iranian</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and </span><a href="https://quincyinst.org/2023/10/06/transnational-repression-is-coming-to-a-town-near-you/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Saudi Americans</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> — also stand to benefit. The bill itself mentions a number of profoundly troubling cases of overseas attacks on these groups otherwise little known by American legislators and the American public.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Last year in San Francisco, Chinese Communist Party (CCP)-affiliated groups</span> <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2024/chinese-communist-party-us-repression-xi-jinping-apec/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">beat</span></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Chinese American protestors for criticizing Xi-Jinping. At an otherwise peaceful protest coinciding with the Chinese president’s visit to the United States, numerous Chinese Americans had to contend with chemical spray attacks from CCP-sponsored mobs.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A year before that, in Brooklyn, Iranian American journalist Masih Alinejad</span> <a href="https://www.npr.org/2024/07/10/g-s1-8835/masih-alinejad-iran"><span style="font-weight: 400;">nearly escaped death</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> after an Iranian-government-hired assassin showed up on her doorstep carrying an assault rifle. The assassin fled when he noticed Alinejad was on  a Zoom call. She escaped death by sheer coincidence.  </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Even a phone call made in the United States can have serious repercussions for foreign dissidents. Saudi Arabia has an extensive apparatus for</span> <a href="https://www.ap.org/news-highlights/best-of-the-week/2022/saudi-harassing-arresting-us/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">spying</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> on Saudis living overseas, with the government deploying phone taps, in person harassment, and online abuse to quell dissent.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In retaliation to remarks made during a private phone call in Boston, the Saudi regime sentenced</span><a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/09/saudi-arabia-prince-incommunicado-detention"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Prince Abdullah bin Faisal al Saud</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to 30 years in prison. With ever-more sophisticated means of surveilling dissidents, it is imperative for the United States to send a clear message to foreign governments seeking to endanger the lives of those living in America by passing the </span><a href="https://iqconnect.house.gov/iqextranet/iqClickTrk.aspx?&amp;cid=CA28AS&amp;crop=0000.0000.0000.0000&amp;report_id=&amp;redirect=https%3a%2f%2fschiff.house.gov%2fimo%2fmedia%2fdoc%2ftnr_final.pdf&amp;redir_log=372398510197363"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Transnational Repression Reporting Act of 2024</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">When the Indian, Chinese, Iranian, Saudi Arabian, or any other governments make it dangerous to raise our voices in the United States, our First Amendment freedoms as Americans are at stake. When authoritarian organizations abroad export their tactics overseas, the lives of Americans are subject to authoritarian pressures at home.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Surveillance systems will only grow more sophisticated with time, making it easier to monitor and threaten foreign dissidents. The U.S. Congress must act quickly to oppose transnational repression. Our elected legislators should lend their full support to the</span> <a href="https://iqconnect.house.gov/iqextranet/iqClickTrk.aspx?&amp;cid=CA28AS&amp;crop=0000.0000.0000.0000&amp;report_id=&amp;redirect=https%3a%2f%2fschiff.house.gov%2fimo%2fmedia%2fdoc%2ftnr_final.pdf&amp;redir_log=372398510197363"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Transnational Repression Reporting Act of 2024</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to protect the freedom of speech, ensure the security of all Americans, and make clear that authoritarian repression–or worse–will not be tolerated in the United States. </span></p> <h6><em><strong>IMAGE: Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau (C), with Foreign Minister Mélanie Joly (R) and Public Safety Minister Dominic LeBlanc speaks during a press conference on October 14, 2024, on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, after Canada expelled six top Indian diplomats, including the country&#8217;s ambassador.  (Photo by DAVE CHAN/AFP via Getty Images)</strong></em></h6> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104416/congress-protect-americans-transnational-repression/">Congress Should Protect Americans from Transnational Repression</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> Civil Liberties Congress Democracy Diplomacy Featured Articles Intelligence activities International and Foreign Local Voices Rule of Law Surveillance Authoritarianism Canada Digital Surveillance Foreign Surveillance India Rep. Adam Schiff Saudi Arabia transnational repression Rasheed Ahmed Is The Pentagon’s Plan to Protect Civilians Living up to its Promises? https://www.justsecurity.org/104451/pentagon-plan-protect-civilians-promises/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pentagon-plan-protect-civilians-promises Just Security urn:uuid:4c57a544-a1b9-5e84-283c-57b36a925c58 Thu, 31 Oct 2024 08:53:10 -0400 <p>Taking stock of the Pentagon's progress in implementing the Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response Action Plan. </p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104451/pentagon-plan-protect-civilians-promises/">Is The Pentagon&#8217;s Plan to Protect Civilians Living up to its Promises?</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As the Biden administration’s term comes to a close, one of Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin’s most notable achievements is his overhaul of the Department of Defense’s (DOD’s) civilian harm policies, including the creation of the Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response Action Plan (CHMR-AP). With the start of fiscal year (FY) 2025 this month, the Pentagon’s expansive action plan for improving its civilian harm mitigation and response policies entered its fourth and final year of implementation.  At this moment, it is worth taking stock of the progress already made towards implementation and what must be done over the next year to secure civilian harm mitigation and response as an enduring Pentagon priority. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The conception of the CHMR-AP was catalyzed three years ago, when on August 29 , 2021, the U.S. </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/19/us/politics/afghanistan-drone-strike-video.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">conducted </span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">a drone strike in Kabul, Afghanistan that killed 10 civilians, including seven children and an aid worker. In November of that same year, the </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">New York Times</span></i> <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/13/us/us-airstrikes-civilian-deaths.html."><span style="font-weight: 400;">reported</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> that the U.S. military concealed the effects of a 2019 airstrike that killed dozens of civilians in Baghuz, Syria. Civil society groups, recognizing these strikes as emblematic of a systemic pattern of civilian harm over two decades of U.S. military operations, </span><a href="https://civiliansinconflict.org/press-releases/ngos-demand-reform/."><span style="font-weight: 400;">demanded</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> urgent reform of DOD’s civilian protection policies and practices.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In response, the </span><a href="https://media.defense.gov/2022/Aug/25/2003064740/-1/-1/1/CIVILIAN-HARM-MITIGATION-AND-RESPONSE-ACTION-PLAN.PDF."><span style="font-weight: 400;">release</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> of the CHMR-AP in August 2022, as </span><a href="https://media.defense.gov/2022/Jan/27/2002928875/-1/-1/1/DEPARTMENT%20OF%20DEFENSE%20RELEASES%20MEMORANDUM%20ON%20IMPROVING%20CIVILIAN%20HARM%20MITIGATION%20AND%20RESPONSE.PDF."><span style="font-weight: 400;">mandated</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> by Secretary Austin, demonstrated an unprecedented commitment to overhauling U.S. policies around preventing, mitigating, and responding to civilian harm resulting from U.S. military operations. Civil society </span><a href="https://civiliansinconflict.org/about-us/media/civic-welcomes-release-of-us-civilian-harm-mitigation-and-response-action-plan/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">welcomed </span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">the release of the Action Plan, which reflects </span><a href="https://civiliansinconflict.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Civil-Society-Guidance-for-Civilian-Harm-Mitigation-Response-Action-Plan.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">input </span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">from protection, humanitarian, and human rights groups, and has been watching closely for the successful fruition of the Action Plan’s objectives, including over a hundred concrete actions to improve and build upon DOD civilian harm policies and practices. These actions spread across eleven thematic objectives and are sequenced into four phases that correspond with fiscal years 2022-2025. Today, using data collected through non-attributional interviews with DOD officials and publicly available primary documents, Center for Civilians in Conflict (CIVIC) and the Stimson Center released a <a href="https://civiliansinconflict.org/tracking-implementation-of-the-civilian-harm-mitigation-and-response-action-plan-chmr-ap/">report</a> evaluating DOD’s key achievements and challenges in implementing each of these actions. This article summarizes our overarching findings, including recommendations for ensuring successful implementation as the CHMR-AP enters its fourth and final year. </span></p> <h2><b>Laying the Foundation: Staffing and Institutions</b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Since the release of the CHMR-AP, DOD has focused primarily on staffing and developing civilian harm mitigation and response (CHMR) institutions and policies. The CHMR-AP </span><a href="https://media.defense.gov/2022/Aug/25/2003064740/-1/-1/1/CIVILIAN-HARM-MITIGATION-AND-RESPONSE-ACTION-PLAN.PDF"><span style="font-weight: 400;">calls </span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">for the hiring of 166 new personnel across the DOD and the creation of various new CHMR roles. DOD components experienced numerous challenges and obstacles in personnel recruitment that significantly delayed CHMR-AP implementation, such as difficulties finding candidates with the required CHMR expertise and the long duration of the civilian hiring process. However, despite the countless bureaucratic hurdles involved in creating and filling the positions for  a CHMR workforce, nearly all of the 166 positions have been hired and the focus has shifted toward the substantive and technical work laid out in the CHMR-AP. The growth in CHMR-focused staff and expertise across the DOD represents one of the most significant and sustainable achievements of the initial years of CHMR-AP implementation, as these new positions will be responsible for driving CHMR efforts throughout and beyond the CHMR-AP’s four-year implementation period. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Simultaneously, DOD has established new institutions to drive and oversee CHMR efforts across the Department, including a CHMR Steering Committee of senior DOD leadership, a CHMR Directorate within the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, and the Civilian Protection Center of Excellence (CP CoE). The latter represents a significant achievement of the DOD in institutionalizing CHMR within the Department, since the CP CoE serves as the hub and facilitator of CHMR expertise across the force and is the largest organization created by the CHMR-AP, with an anticipated staff of 50-70 personnel. The training, analysis, and learning on CHMR conducted by the CP CoE will be indispensable in the development of evidence-based best practices and innovative solutions. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The new staff and institutions created over the past two years ideally will anchor CHMR as an enduring priority within the DOD, regardless of evolutions in policies, presidential administration, or senior DOD leadership.</span></p> <h2><b>New Policy and Doctrine</b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Pentagon has begun CHMR-AP-mandated development and updating of policies and joint doctrine to integrate CHMR considerations. One of the most important new policies to be released during the CHMR-AP period was the long-awaited </span><a href="https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/300017p.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">DOD Instruction on Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (CHMR DOD-I), which solidified the intent and activities of the CHMR-AP into official DOD policy. Among other things, the CHMR DOD-I included an official definition of “civilian harm,” which is critical to understanding the scope of CHMR policies. The CHMR DOD-I defines civilian harm</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">as: </span></p> <blockquote><p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Civilian casualties and damage to or destruction of civilian objects (which do not constitute military objectives under the law of war) resulting from military operations. As a matter of DOD policy, other adverse effects on the civilian population and the personnel, organizations, resources, infrastructure, essential services, and systems on which civilian life depends resulting from military operations are also considered in CHMR efforts to the extent practicable. These other adverse effects do not include mere inconveniences.</span></i></p></blockquote> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The latter part of the definition speaks to the extent to which the U.S. military will consider harms beyond direct deaths and injuries. Given the wide range of direct and </span><a href="https://civiliansinconflict.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/1-Final-2020-02-03-NGO-recommendations-on-Civilian-Objects-for-DoD-Policy-Nov-2019-1.pdf."><span style="font-weight: 400;">reverberating harms</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> that civilians face in armed conflict, a narrow interpretation of the definition would hamper the effectiveness of the overall effort to reduce the risk and severity of civilian harm. (Loren Voss, co-author of CIVIC and Stimson’s report, discusses the definition further </span><a href="https://www.stimson.org/2024/why-cant-we-get-civilian-harm-right/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">here</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. For further analysis of the DoD-I</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">see this author’s analysis in </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Just Security</span></i> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/92068/heres-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-pentagons-new-civilian-harm-policy/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">here</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.) </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Numerous CHMR-AP actions relied in some way on the </span><a href="https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/300017p.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">publication</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> of the CHMR DOD-I, which was ultimately not signed and published until December 2023. As a result, all of the actions that depended on the CHMR DOD-I stalled, creating cascading delays across objectives. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The CHMR-AP also requires CHMR-related updates to various </span><a href="https://www.jcs.mil/doctrine/joint-doctine-pubs/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">joint doctrine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. While we were able to verify that some of these updates have been made, doctrine updates are not publicly available, and requests by the authors for access to doctrine updates were denied by the DOD. This limited transparency on doctrine obfuscated any insight into the rigor of CHMR integration. </span></p> <h2><b>Understanding the Civilian Environment</b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One new contribution of the CHMR-AP was a commitment to better understanding the civilian environment and how to integrate the civilian environment into operational planning and joint targeting. Joint Publication 5-0, </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Joint Planning, </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">defined the “civilian environment” for the first time: </span></p> <blockquote><p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">The factors within the operational environment that relate to civilians and their communities, including the civilian population and the personnel, organizations, resources, infrastructure, essential services, and systems on which civilian life depends.</span></i></p></blockquote> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This definition is focused primarily on physical elements and appears to omit less tangible – yet critical – elements such as culture, behavior, and the interactions between elements. Additionally, how narrowly or broadly DOD interprets elements of the definition will affect the definition’s utility. For example, DOD should consider elements “on which civilian life depends” to include not only immediate human needs such as food, water, and shelter, but also other social structures such as education and financial systems.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This definition will be operationalized through the recently established Civilian Environment Teams embedded at operational combatant commands, who will be responsible for conducting analysis and creating intelligence products on the civilian environment. Commanders and decision-makers will then utilize this intelligence in operational and contingency planning and the joint targeting process. </span></p> <h2><b>Responding to Civilian Harm</b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In recent years, DOD has failed to meaningfully respond to civilian harm caused by its operations, whether through public and private acknowledgements, formal apologies and explanations, or condolence or </span><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/84563/under-pentagons-civilian-harm-plan-addressing-credible-cases-moral-imperative/"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">ex gratia </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">payments</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. For example, Congress authorizes $3 million annually for </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">ex gratia </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">payments to civilians harmed in U.S. or partnered operations. The DOD has reported just </span><a href="https://media.defense.gov/2022/Sep/27/2003086234/-1/-1/1/ANNUAL-REPORT-ON-CIVILIAN-CASUALTIES-IN-CONNECTION-WITH-UNITED-STATES-MILITARY-OPERATIONS-IN-2021.PDF"><span style="font-weight: 400;">one</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> payment from these funds since </span><a href="https://media.defense.gov/2021/Aug/05/2002823939/-1/-1/0/ANNUAL-REPORT-ON-CIVILIAN-CASUALTIES-IN-CONNECTION-WITH-UNITED-STATES-MILITARY-OPERATIONS-IN-2020-FINAL.PDF"><span style="font-weight: 400;">2020</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> despite many requests from civilian survivors whose harm the military has already </span><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/84563/under-pentagons-civilian-harm-plan-addressing-credible-cases-moral-imperative/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">verified</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Objective 8 of the CHMR-AP mandates that DOD review and update its guidance on responding to civilian harm, including through condolences and the public acknowledgement of harm. Our research suggests DOD is making steady progress on key Objective 8 requirements, including the creation of Civilian Harm Assessment Cells, development of an overarching institutional framework for response, updated </span><a href="https://media.defense.gov/2020/Jun/23/2002320314/-1/-1/1/INTERIM-REGULATIONS-FOR-CONDOLENCE-OR-SYMPATHY-PAYMENTS-TO-FRIENDLY-CIVILIANS-FOR-INJURY-OR-LOSS-THAT-IS-INCIDENT-TO-MILITARY-OPERATIONS.PDF"><span style="font-weight: 400;">interim regulations</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> for </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">ex gratia </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">payments, and a </span><a href="https://ogc.osd.mil/Portals/99/OLC%20FY%202024%20Proposals/16June2023Proposals.pdf?ver=hRpiurKLbzRHemnabuZGdQ%3d%3d"><span style="font-weight: 400;">legislative proposal</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> for additional response authorities. These are positive developments, but until </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">ex gratia </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">payments or other tangible responses actually move forward, it remains unclear what, if any, effect these policy changes will have for the many civilians still awaiting redress for the devastating harm they and their families endured – the ultimate measure of success. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Finally, as noted in the CHMR-AP,  DOD historically has not maintained comprehensive data related to civilian harm, hindering its ability to understand and learn from civilian harm trends, assess and investigate specific incidents of harm, and respond to harm. Objective 6 therefore requires DOD to develop standardized civilian harm reporting and data management processes. While efforts to create the civilian harm data management platform are under way, sources cited challenges to Objective 6 implementation, including stakeholders’ differing priorities and understandings of the purpose and related functions of the required platform. Sources also expressed skepticism that the platform would be fully operational by the end of FY25 as instructed by the Action Plan, noting that an emphasis on speed to meet the CHMR-AP deadline could negatively impact the quality and usefulness of the final product.</span></p> <h2><b>Security Cooperation</b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">DOD’s most prominent CHMR-AP activities related to security cooperation include the development of a framework for CHMR Baselines of Allies and Partners (CBAPs), which are intended to assess the capability and willingness of partners to prevent, mitigate, and respond to civilian harm and inform the development of security cooperation programming. However, absent sufficient effort and political will to connect CBAPs with security cooperation planning and decision making, CBAPs may simply become a box-checking exercise that fails to influence predetermined policy outcomes.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Additionally,  the CHMR-AP mandates the Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) to establish a central coordinating CHMR office. Such an office does not currently exist and our research indicates that the agency has no current plans to do so, reflecting limited investment in the work needed to effectively integrate CHMR into U.S. security cooperation decisions and activities. Meanwhile, the Undersecretary of Defense for Policy has appeared  to fill this role, including by taking a lead role in oversight over CBAP development and international engagement on CHMR, including through co-leadership of the </span><a href="https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3915930/readout-of-international-contact-group-meeting-on-civilian-harm-mitigation-and/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">International Contact Group on Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Unfortunately, the CHMR-AP’s security cooperation commitments on paper and in international fora have stood in stark contrast to the DOD’s actual practice over the implementation period, particularly regarding the U.S. government’s virtually unconditional military support to the government of Israel in the face of catastrophic civilian harm using U.S. weapons.</span></p> <h2><b>What’s Next? </b></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">DOD has one year remaining of CHMR-AP implementation and much work remains to be done. Although the Action Plan only runs through FY25, the institutions and policies it created will sustain CHMR efforts in the years following. According to a DOD official, most CHMR-AP actions were on track as of the end of FY24, with completion of all actions anticipated by the end of FY25. However, while we identified significant progress in a number of areas, we were unable to verify progress in others, and our research uncovered delays and obstacles in several areas. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As DOD dives into the substantive work of the CHMR-AP during its final year, comprehensive and strategic leadership across the Department will be critical to building a robust and accountable CHMR culture and mission. Multiple sources warned of the risk of siloed courses of action and superficial monitoring of implementation progress. A cohesive and effective approach to implementation will require leadership that understands the full picture of CHMR workstreams, where they intersect, and where friction points or bottlenecks are forming, and has the vision to coordinate across CHMR workstreams where necessary.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Additionally, in the coming year, DOD will need to develop specific guidance on the continuation of CHMR efforts after CHMR-AP completion to ensure that, in the absence of clear benchmarks provided by the Action Plan, CHMR does not lose its priority status, along with funding, resources, and momentum. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lastly, to truly deliver on the commitments laid out in the CHMR-AP – not only on paper but also in practice – DOD leadership must critically evaluate not just the implementation of each objective but also the most important measure of success: the on-the-ground impact of its CHMR efforts on the experiences of civilians in conflict. </span></p> <h6><em>IMAGE: US Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin III speaks during a press conference at the Pentagon in Washington, DC, October 30, 2024. (Photo by SAUL LOEB/AFP via Getty Images).</em></h6> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104451/pentagon-plan-protect-civilians-promises/">Is The Pentagon&#8217;s Plan to Protect Civilians Living up to its Promises?</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> Civilian Harm Executive Featured Articles Human Rights Humanitarian Intelligence activities International Justice Military Other Use of Force Biden administration Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response Action Plan Department of Defense (DoD) Lloyd Austin Pentagon Madison Hunke The Just Security Podcast: ‘The Presidents and the People’ Book Talk https://www.justsecurity.org/104473/presidents-people-book-podcast/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=presidents-people-book-podcast Just Security urn:uuid:b2223917-e284-68bb-bf52-8a9fe5cce5b3 Thu, 31 Oct 2024 08:48:29 -0400 <p>Corey Brettschneider discusses his new book "The Presidents and the People" and the lessons it offers for American democracy.</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104473/presidents-people-book-podcast/">The Just Security Podcast: ‘The Presidents and the People’ Book Talk</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <p><em>Editor’s note: This episode of the</em> <a href="https://www.buzzsprout.com/2074610">Just Security Podcast</a> is<em> part of a <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/democracy-backsliding-series/">series</a> from leading experts with practical solutions to democratic backsliding, polarization, and political violence.</em></p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">With the U.S. presidential election less than a week away, anxiety is high, both across the country and around the world. Many fear the rise of populism and the erosion of democratic norms. In over two centuries, the United States has had many presidents who pushed on the door of anti-democratic power, but it has also had people who pushed back.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">Ahead of the election, what lessons can we learn by looking to the past?</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">Brown University political scientist Corey Brettschneider is one of the leading thinkers on presidential power. His recent book, <em>The Presidents and the People: Five Leaders Who Threatened Democracy and the Citizens Who Fought to Defend It </em>examines how John Adams, James Buchanan, Andrew Johnson, Woodrow Wilson, and Richard Nixon abused their power, and how citizens like Frederick Douglass, Ida B. Wells, and Daniel Ellsberg resisted and offered a more democratic understanding of the Constitution.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">Just Security Senior Fellow Tom Joscelyn sat down with Brettschneider to discuss the book and the lessons it offers for the election, the state of American democracy, and beyond.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">Here is Tom’s conversation with Corey Brettschneider.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">Show Notes:</p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;">Corey’s <a href="https://wwnorton.com/books/9781324006275">book</a> <em>The Presidents and the People: Five Leaders Who Threatened Democracy and the Citizens Who Fought to Defend It </em>published by W. W. Norton &amp; Company</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;">Just Security’s “Democracy Backsliding” <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/democracy-backsliding-series/">series </a></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;">Just Security’s 2024 Presidential Election <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/2024-presidential-election/">coverage</a></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;">Just Security’s Democracy <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/democracy/">coverage</a></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;">Just Security’s Domestic Extremism <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/domestic-extremism/">coverage</a></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;">Music: “Broken” by David Bullard from Uppbeat: https://uppbeat.io/t/david-bullard/broken (License code: OSC7K3LCPSGXISVI)</li> </ul> <p>Listen to the episode, with a transcript available soon, by clicking below.</p> <p><a href="https://www.buzzsprout.com/2074610/episodes/16025289-the-presidents-and-the-people-book-talk"><img data-recalc-dims="1" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-104474" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-31-at-8.15.19 AM.png?resize=1003%2C456&#038;ssl=1" alt="The episode title appears with sound waves behind it. " width="1003" height="456" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-31-at-8.15.19 AM.png?w=682&amp;ssl=1 682w, https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-31-at-8.15.19 AM.png?resize=300%2C136&amp;ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /></a></p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104473/presidents-people-book-podcast/">The Just Security Podcast: ‘The Presidents and the People’ Book Talk</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> Democracy Disinformation Domestic Extremism Election 2024 Presidential Election 2024 US Election Protection Democracy Backsliding Series elections Just Security Podcast Richard Nixon Series on Solutions to Democratic Backsliding United States Corey Brettschneider Early Edition: October 31, 2024 https://www.justsecurity.org/104468/early-edition-october-31-2024/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=early-edition-october-31-2024 Just Security urn:uuid:b4fdf333-80c5-2a34-61c4-ff41c32a1750 Thu, 31 Oct 2024 07:39:31 -0400 <p>Signup to receive the Early Edition in your inbox here. A curated weekday guide to major news and developments over the past 24 hours. Here’s today’s news: ISRAEL-HAMAS WAR Israeli strikes killed at least 30 people in Gaza yesterday, the Hamas-run health ministry said. The strikes also hit the only operational hospital in northern Gaza, [&#8230;]</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104468/early-edition-october-31-2024/">Early Edition: October 31, 2024</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> <p>Signup to receive the Early Edition in your inbox <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/early-edition-signup/">here</a>.</p> <p>A curated weekday guide to major news and developments over the past 24 hours. Here’s today’s news:</p> <p><b><i>ISRAEL-HAMAS WAR</i></b></p> <p><b>Israeli strikes killed at least 30 people in Gaza yesterday, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">the Hamas-run health ministry said. The strikes also hit the</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">only operational hospital in northern Gaza, sparking a fire which destroyed essential medical supplies, according to a medic. Nidal Al-Mughrabi and Dawoud Abu Alkas report for </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-wages-deadly-gaza-strikes-northern-areas-issue-plea-help-2024-10-30/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reuters</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">; Abeer Salman and Eyad Kourdi report for </span><a href="https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/israel-iran-palestine-gaza-war-10-31-24-intl-hnk#cm2wq712b0000356my03cwao5"><span style="font-weight: 400;">CNN</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><b>Israel’s deadly Tuesday strike on a residential building in northern Gaza targeted a “spotter” observing the Israeli forces from the roof of the building, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">an Israeli official said, claiming troops did not know the building was used as a shelter. Sebastian Usher and David Gritten report for </span><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c6247nwz73do"><span style="font-weight: 400;">BBC News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>The amount of aid entering Gaza in October has hit the lowest level since the start of the war, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">U.N. data shows. Mostafa Salem and Nadeen Ebrahim report for </span><a href="https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/israel-iran-palestine-gaza-war-10-30-24-intl-hnk#cm2w04kb700003b6nrrbg4qrl"><span style="font-weight: 400;">CNN</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>ISRAEL-HAMAS WAR — U.S. RESPONSE</i></b></p> <p><b>President Biden yesterday discussed a new U.S. effort to broker ceasefires in Gaza and Lebanon with Cypriot President Nikos Christodoulides,</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> whose country has played a key role in efforts to get aid into Gaza since the war started. Aamer Madhani and Menelaos Hadjicostis report for </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/biden-cyprus-christodoulides-mideast-aaff06c75848b048931307c35abcf197"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>The State Department failed to comply with its own swift investigation policies in respect of hundreds of reports that Israel has used U.S.-supplied arms in attacks that caused unnecessary harm to civilians, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">sources say. Abigail Hauslohner and Michael Birnbaum report for the </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/10/30/us-weapons-israel-gaza-civilian-deaths/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Washington Post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><b><i>ISRAEL-HAMAS WAR — INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE</i></b></p> <p><b>The U.N. Security Council yesterday unanimously expressed grave concern over Israeli legislation banning the UN aid agency for Palestinians (UNRWA), </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">urging</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Israel to &#8220;abide by its international obligations.” Separately, UNRWA’s chief said that banning the agency will leave a vacuum in the provision of lifesaving services and lead to further instability in Gaza. Michelle Nichols reports for </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-security-council-warns-against-attempts-dismantle-unrwa-2024-10-30/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reuters</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">; Baraa Anwer and Sarah El Deeb report for </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/gaza-unrwa-west-bank-israel-aid-1db00a3979b5b8759823e1a81da9c6fb"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres warned that Israel could carry out “ethnic cleansing” of Gaza by systematically displacing Palestinians </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">if international action is not taken. Patrick Greenfield, Malak A Tantesh, and Julian Borger report for the </span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/30/antonio-guterres-warns-israel-could-carry-out-ethnic-cleansing-of-gaza"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Guardian</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><b><i>ISRAEL-HEZBOLLAH WAR </i></b></p> <p><b>Lebanon’s prime minister yesterday expressed hope that an Israel-Hezbollah ceasefire deal would be announced within days, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">after Israel&#8217;s public broadcaster published what it said was a leaked U.S.-drafted agreement providing for an initial 60-day truce. Maayan Lubell, Maya Gebeily, and Timour Azhari report for </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/senior-biden-advisers-visit-israel-try-end-war-lebanon-axios-reports-2024-10-30/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reuters</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>Israeli strikes around Lebanon’s eastern city of Baalbek killed 19 people yesterday, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lebanon’s health ministry said.  The attack came hours after Israel&#8217;s military issued evacuation orders covering the entire city and two neighboring towns. David Gritten and Hugo Bachega report for </span><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/crez85y20zvo"><span style="font-weight: 400;">BBC News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>Naim Qassem yesterday delivered his first remarks in a televised address as Hezbollah’s new leader. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">Qassam said the group is open to a ceasefire on “suitable terms,” and emphasized their commitment to the “path of war” and the cause of Palestinians in Gaza. Mohamad El Chamaa and Sammy Westfall report for the </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/10/30/israel-iran-war-news-gaza-palestine-hamas/#link-3VWUCTICPRBF5K4BIKLWSFMPCE"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Washington Post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>ISRAEL-IRAN CONFLICT  </i></b></p> <p><b>Israel’s recent strike on Iran will be met with a “definitive and painful” response that will likely come before the U.S. presidential election, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">a high-ranking source said yesterday. Asked about the remark, White House spokesperson Karine Jean-Pierre </span><a href="https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/israel-iran-palestine-gaza-war-10-31-24-intl-hnk#cm2wknz88000g356mx7peo20z"><span style="font-weight: 400;">said</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> that “Iran should not respond to Israel’s retaliation.” Fred Pleitgen and Niamh Kennedy report for </span><a href="https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/israel-iran-palestine-gaza-war-10-30-24-intl-hnk#cm2w69wn300003b6lu1vnybo2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">CNN</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>U.S. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION</i></b></p> <p><b>A majority of swing-state voters say that they fear violence if former President Trump does not win the presidential election and do not believe he will accept defeat, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">a </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/10/30/voters-fear-violence-trump-loss/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Washington Post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> poll shows. Colby Itkowitz, Dan Keating, Emily Guskin, and Scott Clement report. </span></p> <p><b>An 18-year-old Trump supporter was arrested on Tuesday for threatening two supporters of Vice President Kamala Harris with a machete outside an early-voting site. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">Maggie Astor reports for the </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/30/us/politics/florida-trump-supporter-arrested-machete.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">New York Times</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><b>The man suspected of setting fire to Oregon and Washington ballot drop boxes has significant experience in metalworking and may be planning additional attacks, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">Portland authorities said yesterday. Claire Rush reports for </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/ballot-drop-box-fires-portland-vancouver-60fea753ceb761624e6aba49f0e9dd99"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>A Philadelphia judge accelerated and relocated the hearing of Elon Musk’s $1mn-a-day swing state sweepstakes lawsuit </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">after Pennsylvania District Attorney’s </span><a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/25260145-musksuitupdate103024"><span style="font-weight: 400;">complained</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> about receiving threats and antisemitic messages from Musk’s supporters. Josh Gerstein reports for </span><a href="https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2024/10/30/2024-elections-live-coverage-updates-analysis/elon-musk-lawsuit-update-00186378"><span style="font-weight: 400;">POLITICO</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><b>The Supreme Court yesterday allowed Virginia to remove about 1,600 possible noncitizens from the state’s voter registration rolls. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">Ann E. Marimow, Justin Jouvenal and Gregory S. Schneider report for the </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/10/30/virginia-noncitizen-voter-purge-supreme-court/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Washington Post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>A judge yesterday granted the Trump campaign’s request to extend the mail-in voting deadline in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">after reports of voters being improperly turned away while waiting for ballots. Democrats in Erie County also </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/30/us/politics/pennsylvania-ballot-delays-lawsuit.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">launched</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> a similar lawsuit yesterday. Separately, a Pennsylvania appeals court ruled yesterday that mail-in ballot envelopes need not be accurately hand-dated. Michael Corkery reports for the </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/30/us/politics/trump-lawsuit-pennsylvania-mail-in-ballot-voting-bucks-county.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">New York Times</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">; Mark Scolforo reports for </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/pennsylvania-mail-ballots-envelope-dates-2024-election-bedaba0bf6c546808da3853ad893f987"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>Republican leaders in some states are seeking to block Justice Department monitors from polling sites, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">legal experts say. David Nakamura reports for the </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/10/30/election-monitors-justice-department-republican-states/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Washington Post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>Police chiefs and sheriffs across the nation are bracing themselves for Election Day turmoil at voting sites, voter intimidation, and violent threats against election workers. </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">Betsy Woodruff Swan reports for </span><a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2024/10/30/election-threats-violence-00186377"><span style="font-weight: 400;">POLITICO</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>OTHER U.S. DOMESTIC DEVELOPMENTS </i></b></p> <p><b>A retrial began yesterday in the case of a military contractor accused of contributing to the abuse of detainees at Iraq’s Abu Ghraib prison </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">after an earlier civil case ended with a hung jury. Matthew Barakat reports for </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/abu-ghraib-torture-lawsuit-retrial-caci-virginia-e2d9a9eff2c8321ed192877d3c673397"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>A Florida bail bondsman who bailed women out of jail in return for sexual favors for himself and others was arrested Tuesday on human trafficking and racketeering charges.</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> James Wagner reports for the </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/30/us/florida-bail-bondsman-sex-trafficking.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">New York Times</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>U.S. FOREIGN AFFAIRS </i></b></p> <p><b>U.S. airstrikes killed up to 35 militants in attacks on several self-styled Islamic State group sites in Syria, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">U.S. Central Command said yesterday. </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/islamic-state-group-us-airstrikes-syria-pentagon-4a997c6b994185aec8d57660aef06a24"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> reports. </span></p> <p><b>The U.N. General Assembly yesterday overwhelmingly called on the United States to end its Cuba sanctions regime</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Marc Frank reports for </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/un-once-more-calls-us-change-course-cuba-2024-10-30/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reuters</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b><i>RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR</i></b></p> <p><b>North Korean troops wearing Russian uniforms are moving towards Ukraine,</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> U.S. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin said yesterday. Separately, South Korean authorities said North Korea is likely to ask Russia for nuclear technology in exchange for troops. Tara Copp and Lolita C. Baldor report for </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/united-states-north-korea-russia-ukraine-war-faeabb0b2c2ea162bbc6c4691df4d6c8"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">; Natasha Bertrand reports for </span><a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2024/10/30/politics/north-korea-russia-nuclear-technology-troops/index.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">CNN</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><b>The United States yesterday imposed sanctions on 398 firms across Russia, India, China, and a dozen other nations </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">over providing products and services enabling Russia’s war effort and sanctions avoidance. Fatima Hussein reports for </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/treasury-sanctions-finance-russia-ukraine-92d32f9041d24d371d8afb89d4df603e"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AP News</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>The number of summary killings of Ukrainian soldiers by Russian forces has been steadily increasing over the past weeks, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">Ukrainian officials say. David L. Stern and Serhiy Morgunov report for the </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/10/30/russia-ukraine-pow-executions/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Washington Post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><b><i>GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTS</i></b><b> </b></p> <p><b>North Korea said it conducted a test of an intercontinental ballistic missile this morning, </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">achieving what is believed to be the longest flight time yet for a North Korean missile. Helen Regan, Gawon Bae, and Yumi Asada report for </span><a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2024/10/30/asia/north-korea-icbm-test-intl-hnk/index.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">CNN</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><b>The majority of Mexico’s Supreme Court justices resigned over last month’s controversial constitutional overhaul requiring all judges to be elected by popular vote,</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> the court said yesterday. Kylie Madry, Lizbeth Diaz, and Brendan O&#8217;Boyle report for </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/third-judge-mexicos-top-court-resigns-citing-judicial-reform-2024-10-30/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reuters</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104468/early-edition-october-31-2024/">Early Edition: October 31, 2024</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org">Just Security</a>.</p> Daily News Roundup Beatrice Yahia With Election Day Near, Here’s a Reminder That a Second Trump Term Could Mean Mayhem https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/31/opinion/donald-trump-second-term-election.html NYT > Federal Bureau of Investigation urn:uuid:4645992a-67ec-788b-c808-42cc29752ce8 Thu, 31 Oct 2024 05:03:58 -0400 Our tense democracy could lurch from being an illiberal republic to a dictatorship by any other name. Presidential Election of 2024 Trump, Donald J United States Politics and Government Fringe Groups and Movements Presidential Power (US) Immunity from Prosecution Federal-State Relations (US) Central Intelligence Agency Federal Bureau of Investigation Homeland Security Department Republican Party Senate Harris, Kamala D Jonathan Stevenson