mikenov on Twitter: Coronavirus | Coronavirus: is the hantavirus a new threat to the world? - AS.com en.as.com/en/2020/03/25/…

Fri, 29 May 2020 20:39:44 -0400

Coronavirus | Coronavirus: is the hantavirus a new threat to the world? - AS.com en.as.com/en/2020/03/25/…

Posted by mikenov on Saturday, May 30th, 2020 12:39am

mikenov on Twitter

8:28 PM 5/29/2020 - In light of the new possibilities of Gene Editing, the knowledge of transmission modes & features of the Infections should not be treated as the unquestionable and codified, but as presumptive, easily changeable, & geared to us

Fri, 29 May 2020 20:34:38 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Covid-19-Review.

Michael Novakhov

@mikenov

·

In light of the new possibilities of Gene Editing, the knowledge of transmission modes & features of the Infections should not be treated as the unquestionable and codified, but as presumptive, easily changeable, & geared to use of pathogens as bioweapons.

https://covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/828-pm-5292020-in-light-of-new.html

Blogs from Michael_Novakhov

_______________________________________________________________

Blogs from Michael_Novakhov (25 sites)

Covid-19-Review: Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks: Analysis of COVID-19 autopsies reveals many new details about this disease. | While many hypotheses already exist, a well-accepted consensus on the cause of the clotting disorders remains elusive to date.

Covid-19-Review: Thrombotic microangiopathy, addressing the prominent coagulopathy and neuropsychiatric symptoms... microangiopathy and excessive cytokine release.

Covid-19-Review: 4:07 PM 5/28/2020 - This is a fantasy: "lack of the restaurant leftovers". The real reason is that #RATS ARE INFECTED WITH #HANTERVIRUS & POSSIBLY #CORONAVIRUS & TRANSMIT THESE #INFECTIONS TO HUMANS, JUST LIKE THEY DID FOR ALL HUMAN HISTORY. Do not fantasize, address the issue!

Covid-19-Review: "Starving, angry and cannibalistic: America's rats are getting desperate amid coronavirus pandemic" - https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national... I think, the real #reason is that these #rats are #crazy and psychotic, because they are #sick: intentionally infected with #Hantavirus and #Coronavirus. They have to be tested and indeed eradicated: they might be the real vector of the Disease X - M.N.

Covid-19-Review: 10:14 AM 5/28/2020 - Covid-19 and infected pork: Maybe, the answer is the INFECTED PORK: Hantavirus? Coronavirus? Co-infection? Other? Are the infected rats and pigs the silent asymptomatic carriers and the super-spreaders of Covid-19?

Covid-19-Review: "6:39 AM 5/28/2020 - This finding echoes WHO and several COVID-19 studies of global research teams that have suggested COVID-19 origins unknown." - globaltimes.cn

Covid-19-Review: 12:41 PM 5/27/2020 - Covid-19 is the Disease-X-19, one or several diseases or infections, with uncertain causes and mechanisms. It might be the new Bioweapon of the new Pandemic-Biowarfare, the clever and sophisticated Intelligence Operation, possibly by German New Abwehr - M.N.

Covid-19-Review: 9:53 AM 5/26/2020 - Mike Nova's Shared NewsLinks Review: Potential Uses of the Hantavirus as a Biological Weapon | Security Studies Online | Studies have shown that this virus can be shed in the feces, which means that shared bathrooms can be a source of infection.

Covid-19-Review: 9:08 AM 5/26/2020 - The symptoms of the hantavirus are almost similar to that of coronavirus, it is essentially transmitted from rodents to humans | Potential Uses of the Hantavirus as a Biological Weapon | Security Studies Online

mikenov on Twitter: 8:28 PM 5/29/2020 - In light of the new possibilities of Gene Editing, the knowledge of transmission modes & features of the Infections should not be treated as the unquestionable but geared to use of pathogens as bioweapons. cov

Fri, 29 May 2020 20:34:08 -0400

8:28 PM 5/29/2020 - In light of the new possibilities of Gene Editing, the knowledge of transmission modes & features of the Infections should not be treated as the unquestionable but geared to use of pathogens as bioweapons.

covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/828-pm…

Posted by mikenov on Saturday, May 30th, 2020 12:34am

mikenov on Twitter

mikenov on Twitter: #Covid19Review: 8:28 PM 5/29/2020 - In light of the new possibilit... covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/828-pm…

Fri, 29 May 2020 20:32:46 -0400

#Covid19Review: 8:28 PM 5/29/2020 - In light of the new possibilit... covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/828-pm…

Posted by mikenov on Saturday, May 30th, 2020 12:32am

mikenov on Twitter

mikenov on Twitter: To put it briefly, the so called "Covid-19" or more correctly Disease X 2019 appears to be the weaponized Hantavirus Infection, possibly the Seoul or Andes types or others. - Michael Novakhov covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/742-pm

Fri, 29 May 2020 20:06:08 -0400

To put it briefly, the so called "Covid-19" or more correctly Disease X 2019 appears to be the weaponized Hantavirus Infection, possibly the Seoul or Andes types or others. - Michael Novakhov covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/742-pm…

Posted by mikenov on Saturday, May 30th, 2020 12:06am

mikenov on Twitter

mikenov on Twitter: the so called "Covid-19" and the Hantavirus Infection (Seoul Virus in the cited research but most likely other types also) is the one and the same pathological condition. covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/742-pm…

Fri, 29 May 2020 20:05:45 -0400

the so called "Covid-19" and the Hantavirus Infection (Seoul Virus in the cited research but most likely other types also) is the one and the same pathological condition. covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/742-pm…

Posted by mikenov on Saturday, May 30th, 2020 12:05am

mikenov on Twitter

mikenov on Twitter: conspicuous hemophagocytosis and a secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like syndrome". Considering that the clinical picture is practically or mostly the same, the hypothesis can be established. covid-19-review.blogspot.com/20

Fri, 29 May 2020 20:05:04 -0400

conspicuous hemophagocytosis and a secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like syndrome". Considering that the clinical picture is practically or mostly the same, the hypothesis can be established. covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/742-pm…

Posted by mikenov on Saturday, May 30th, 2020 12:05am

mikenov on Twitter

mikenov on Twitter: Covid-19-Review: 7:42 PM 5/29/2020 - M.N.: The underlying pathophysiological mechanism in Hantavirus Infection and in "Covid-19" as reported by the Mt. Sinai pathologists, appears to be the same covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/742

Fri, 29 May 2020 20:04:28 -0400

Covid-19-Review: 7:42 PM 5/29/2020 - M.N.: The underlying pathophysiological mechanism in Hantavirus Infection and in "Covid-19" as reported by the Mt. Sinai pathologists, appears to be the same covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/742-pm…

Posted by mikenov on Saturday, May 30th, 2020 12:04am

mikenov on Twitter

mikenov on Twitter: #Covid19Review: 7:42 PM 5/29/2020 - M.N.: The underlying pathophys... covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/742-pm…

Fri, 29 May 2020 20:03:44 -0400

#Covid19Review: 7:42 PM 5/29/2020 - M.N.: The underlying pathophys... covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/742-pm…

Posted by mikenov on Saturday, May 30th, 2020 12:03am

mikenov on Twitter

7:42 PM 5/29/2020 - M.N.: The underlying pathophysiological mechanism in Hantavirus Infection and in "Covid-19" as reported by the Mt. Sinai pathologists, appears to be the same: "conspicuous hemophagocytosis and a secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocyt

Fri, 29 May 2020 19:59:18 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Covid-19-Review.

Hantavirus Infection and Covid-19

https://covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/742-pm-5292020-mn-underlying.html
________________________________________________________________

M.N.: The underlying pathophysiological mechanism in Hantavirus Infection and in "Covid-19" as reported by the Mt. Sinai pathologists, appears to be the same: "conspicuous hemophagocytosis and a secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like syndrome".

Considering that the clinical picture is practically or mostly the same, the hypothesis can be established. that the so called "Covid-19" and the Hantavirus Infection (Seoul Virus in the cited research but most likely other types also) is the one and the same pathological condition, and very likely the Co-Infection. To put it briefly, the so called "Covid-19" or more correctly Disease X 2019 appears to be the weaponized Hantavirus Infection, possibly the Seoul or Andes types or others, with Sars-Cov-2 Infection used as the misleading and confusing cover.

Michael Novakhov

7:42 PM 5/29/2020

_______________________________________________________________

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare immune disorder in which overactivity of white blood cells leads to hemophagocytosis and can result in death. HLH may be primary due to genetic causes or secondary due to cancers, autoimmune disorders, or infections. Although a variety of infections have been shown to cause HLH, studies have raised the possibility of HLH linked to HFRS, mostly due to PUUV- induced HFRS (Puumala virus) [5, 6].

Although it has been shown that wild Norway rats on the east coast of the United States can carry SEOV, it has never been noted in Washington, DC [7, 8]. This case represents a reported diagnosis of SEOV in a person residing in Washington, DC, and a case of HLH secondary to SEOV. - Domestically Acquired Seoul Virus Causing Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis—Washington, DC, 2018 | Open Forum Infectious Diseases
_____________________________________________________________________

RESULTS Laboratory results of our COVID-19 cohort show elevated inflammatory markers, abnormal coagulation values, and elevated cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα. Autopsies revealed large pulmonary emboli in four cases. We report microthrombi in multiple organ systems including the brain, as well as conspicuous hemophagocytosis and a secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like syndrome in many of our patients. - Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2: targeting of endothelial cells renders a complex disease with thrombotic microangiopathy and aberrant immune response. The Mount Sinai COVID-19 autopsy experience | medRxiv

______________________________________________________________________

Blogs from Michael_Novakhov

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Blogs from Michael_Novakhov (25 sites)

Covid-19-Review: Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks: Analysis of COVID-19 autopsies reveals many new details about this disease. | While many hypotheses already exist, a well-accepted consensus on the cause of the clotting disorders remains elusive to date.

Covid-19-Review: Thrombotic microangiopathy, addressing the prominent coagulopathy and neuropsychiatric symptoms... microangiopathy and excessive cytokine release.

Covid-19-Review: 4:07 PM 5/28/2020 - This is a fantasy: "lack of the restaurant leftovers". The real reason is that #RATS ARE INFECTED WITH #HANTERVIRUS & POSSIBLY #CORONAVIRUS & TRANSMIT THESE #INFECTIONS TO HUMANS, JUST LIKE THEY DID FOR ALL HUMAN HISTORY. Do not fantasize, address the issue!

Covid-19-Review: "Starving, angry and cannibalistic: America's rats are getting desperate amid coronavirus pandemic" - https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national... I think, the real #reason is that these #rats are #crazy and psychotic, because they are #sick: intentionally infected with #Hantavirus and #Coronavirus. They have to be tested and indeed eradicated: they might be the real vector of the Disease X - M.N.

Covid-19-Review: 10:14 AM 5/28/2020 - Covid-19 and infected pork: Maybe, the answer is the INFECTED PORK: Hantavirus? Coronavirus? Co-infection? Other? Are the infected rats and pigs the silent asymptomatic carriers and the super-spreaders of Covid-19?

Covid-19-Review: "6:39 AM 5/28/2020 - This finding echoes WHO and several COVID-19 studies of global research teams that have suggested COVID-19 origins unknown." - globaltimes.cn

Covid-19-Review: 12:41 PM 5/27/2020 - Covid-19 is the Disease-X-19, one or several diseases or infections, with uncertain causes and mechanisms. It might be the new Bioweapon of the new Pandemic-Biowarfare, the clever and sophisticated Intelligence Operation, possibly by German New Abwehr - M.N.

Covid-19-Review: 9:53 AM 5/26/2020 - Mike Nova's Shared NewsLinks Review: Potential Uses of the Hantavirus as a Biological Weapon | Security Studies Online | Studies have shown that this virus can be shed in the feces, which means that shared bathrooms can be a source of infection.

Covid-19-Review: 9:08 AM 5/26/2020 - The symptoms of the hantavirus are almost similar to that of coronavirus, it is essentially transmitted from rodents to humans | Potential Uses of the Hantavirus as a Biological Weapon | Security Studies Online

Covid-19-Review: 5:55 PM 5/25/2020 - Mike Nova's Shared NewsLinks Review: May 15, 2020 - Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is endemic in ... Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; 2. Institute ...hemorrhagic fever china - Google Search

Covid-19-Review: Are the tests for the Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers performed in the hospitals for the differential diagnosis when Covid-19 is suspected?

Covid-19-Review: 8:43 AM 5/25/2020 - Was "Sars-Cov-2" modified and weaponized in a lab, to include the genomic sequences from the other viruses which cause the Hemorrhagic Fevers? - M.N.

Covid-19-Review: Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks: Coronavirus: Experts warn of bioterrorism after pandemic | News | DW | Trump says he's no longer taking hydroxychloroquine | One Doctor Calls The Public Restroom A 'Bio Weapons Factory.' You're In Good Company If You Are Afraid:| Covid-19 and the Viral Infections in Pigs

Covid-19-Review: Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks: 6:44 AM 5/24/2020 - 5:24 PM 5/18/2020 - Covid-19 and the Viral Infections in Pigs

Covid-19-Review: 6:44 AM 5/24/2020 » Thailand Begins Coronavirus Vaccine Trials on Monkeys 24/05/20 01:12 from Google Alert - coronavirus vaccine

Covid-19-Review: 5:51 AM 5/24/2020 - Mike Nova's Shared NewsLinks Review: To #US #Senate: #FBI means: #Fools & #Brainless #Idiots. They became #FBIKGB. The only thing these psychopaths care about is their own safety and well-being: "Certainly, we are going to... protecting our workforce." Dismantle them & put them in prison!

Covid-19-Review: 12:39 PM 5/23/2020 - Hypercoagulability in Covid-19 - Mike Nova's Shared NewsLinks Review: #Covid19 central & key syndrome: acquired #hypercoagulability with the multisystem-multiorgan manifestations and lethal failures can be, and most likely is the direct consequence of one of the viral hemorrhagic fevers infections

Covid-19-Review: 11:23 AM 5/23/2020 - The Hypothesis of the Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, possibly ASF, as primary and concomitant infection in Covid-19 | Covid-19 central and key syndrome: acquired hypercoagulability with the multisystem-multiorgan manifestations and lethal failures can be and most likely is the direct consequence of one of the viral hemorrhagic fevers infections, and quite possible, African or Classical Swine Fevers, with Sars-Cov-2 as the concomitant and facilitating human infectivity condition.

Covid-19-Review: The clinical picture of altered coagulation in several viral infections manifests itself in bleeding (hemorrhage), thrombosis, or both. - 10:40 AM 5/23/2020

Covid-19-Review: Hypercoagulability in Hemorrhagic Fevers - Google Search venous thromboembolism following hemorrhagic fever - Connolly-Andersen

New York City expected to reopen on June 8, five upstate regions OK for phase 2: Cuomo reuters.com/article/us-hea… pic.twitter.com/46mHKYmraQ

Posted by Reuters on Friday, May 29th, 2020 10:55pm

Retweeted by mikenov on Friday, May 29th, 2020 10:59pm

61 likes, 20 retweets

mikenov on Twitter

mikenov on Twitter: RT @TheEconomist: As others become more aware, bansaka offers less protection than it used to econ.trib.al/uiAiMiO

Fri, 29 May 2020 18:59:28 -0400

As others become more aware, bansaka offers less protection than it used to econ.trib.al/uiAiMiO

Posted by TheEconomist on Friday, May 29th, 2020 10:55pm

Retweeted by mikenov on Friday, May 29th, 2020 10:59pm

25 likes, 11 retweets

mikenov on Twitter

mikenov on Twitter: #FBI (with the lucky exception of the upper echelons) is so incredibly, unbelievably #STUPID that I have to repeat the same thing about 10-20 times to get it sink into them. Hantavirus case which originated from the CAR VENTILATION SY

Fri, 29 May 2020 18:55:19 -0400

#FBI (with the lucky exception of the upper echelons) is so incredibly, unbelievably #STUPID that I have to repeat the same thing about 10-20 times to get it sink into them.
Hantavirus case which originated from the CAR VENTILATION SYSTEM - Google Search google.com/search?q=Hanta… pic.twitter.com/2jAZYeEocl

Posted by mikenov on Friday, May 29th, 2020 10:55pm

mikenov on Twitter

mikenov on Twitter: The most interesting & puzzling was the report about the Hantavirus case which originated from the CAR VENTILATION SYSTEM in 2017. This indicates the possible spreading mechanism and the possible involvement of #Webasto Co, of the

Fri, 29 May 2020 18:50:04 -0400

The most interesting & puzzling was the report about the Hantavirus case which originated from the CAR VENTILATION SYSTEM in 2017. This indicates the possible spreading mechanism and the possible involvement of #Webasto Co, of the #MunichCluster, pointing to Germans. Investigate! pic.twitter.com/HbrYlErJBU

Posted by mikenov on Friday, May 29th, 2020 10:50pm

mikenov on Twitter

mikenov on Twitter: M.N.: I absolutely disagree. The first signs were in 2017-2018, when the strange and alarming reports about the sporadic cases of Hantavirus appeared. Rats & pigs were sick. Coronavirus ignited in US no earlier than mid-January,

Fri, 29 May 2020 18:42:24 -0400

M.N.: I absolutely disagree. The first signs were in 2017-2018, when the strange and alarming reports about the sporadic cases of Hantavirus appeared. Rats & pigs were sick.

Coronavirus ignited in US no earlier than mid-January, CDC study says wgrz.com/article/news/h… via @WGRZ

Posted by mikenov on Friday, May 29th, 2020 10:42pm

mikenov on Twitter

mikenov on Twitter: Public health researchers said that anyone in the U.S. who thought maybe they had COVID-19 in December or early January probably had the flu. When did coronavirus arrive in US? Study points to 3-week window | wgrz.com wgrz.com/article

Fri, 29 May 2020 18:33:40 -0400

Public health researchers said that anyone in the U.S. who thought maybe they had COVID-19 in December or early January probably had the flu.
When did coronavirus arrive in US? Study points to 3-week window | wgrz.com wgrz.com/article/news/h…

Posted by mikenov on Friday, May 29th, 2020 10:33pm

mikenov on Twitter

mikenov on Twitter: rats behaviors during epidemics - Google Search google.com/search?q=rats+…

Fri, 29 May 2020 18:17:06 -0400

rats behaviors during epidemics - Google Search google.com/search?q=rats+…

Posted by mikenov on Friday, May 29th, 2020 10:17pm

mikenov on Twitter

mikenov on Twitter: When you notice your rat doing something abnormal, consider whether it could be a sign of illness or pain... health problems include a hunched posture, staring, stumbling, head tilt, failure to groom, sneezing, and wheezing. google.c

Fri, 29 May 2020 18:14:03 -0400

When you notice your rat doing something abnormal, consider whether it could be a sign of illness or pain... health problems include a hunched posture, staring, stumbling, head tilt, failure to groom, sneezing, and wheezing. google.com/search?q=abnor…

Posted by mikenov on Friday, May 29th, 2020 10:14pm

mikenov on Twitter

Bourbon Street March 18, 2020 Rat Activity during Corona Virus closure - YouTube

Fri, 29 May 2020 17:57:45 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story .

mikenov on Twitter: Bourbon Street March 18, 2020 Rat Activity during Corona Virus closure youtu.be/wvfGs3-Y2Ek via @YouTube

Fri, 29 May 2020 17:57:14 -0400

Bourbon Street March 18, 2020 Rat Activity during Corona Virus closure youtu.be/wvfGs3-Y2Ek via @YouTube

Posted by mikenov on Friday, May 29th, 2020 9:57pm

mikenov on Twitter

mikenov on Twitter: In light of the new possibilities of Gene Editing, the knowledge of transmission modes & features of the Infections should not be treated as the unquestionable and codified, but as presumptive, easily changeable, & geared to us

Fri, 29 May 2020 16:17:24 -0400

In light of the new possibilities of Gene Editing, the knowledge of transmission modes & features of the Infections should not be treated as the unquestionable and codified, but as presumptive, easily changeable, & geared to use of pathogens as bioweapons
images.app.goo.gl/LYzjc1zkrP9Drz…

Posted by mikenov on Friday, May 29th, 2020 8:17pm

mikenov on Twitter

Multi-state Outbreak of Seoul Virus | Hantavirus | DHCPP | CDC

Fri, 29 May 2020 15:58:10 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story .

Seoul virus

VERIFY: Is rat meat being sold in the U.S. disguised as boneless chicken? - YouTube

Fri, 29 May 2020 15:46:32 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story .

WUSA9 News contacted the Food and Drug Administration to ask if it is true that over one million rat meat is sold in the form of boneless chicken wings that is then served in restaurants.

South Korea warns against eating river rats

Fri, 29 May 2020 15:31:45 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story from BBC News - Home.

By News from Elsewhere......as found by BBC Monitoring
South Korea's government is warning people not to eat river rats, after a reported surge in the number of people hunting the creatures for their bile.
A university study published in January said that the rodents' gall bladders had a higher level of ursodeoxycholic acid than that found in bear bile, which is used in traditional medicine in parts of Asia. A professor who worked on the study warned that consuming river rat bile was dangerous, but there was a flurry of interest from people wanting to get their hands on one of the animals.
A concerned environment ministry spelled out the risks on Tuesday, telling Koreans that river rats are not safe for human consumption, The Korea Times reports. "The gall bladder and liver can be infected with zoonotic bacteria and parasites," ministry representative Noh Hee-kyong tells the paper.
While the government doesn't want people to eat the animals, it does encourage hunting. River rats are considered an invasive species in South Korea, having only been introduced in the 1980s for their fur, The Korea Times notes. As part of its eradication drive, the government offers a cash reward of 20,000 won ($17; £14) for each one caught.
Next story: Man must remove 80 goldfish from canal
Use #NewsfromElsewhere to stay up-to-date with our reports via Twitter.

seoul virus 2019 - Google Search

Fri, 29 May 2020 15:21:41 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story .

Search Results
Featured snippet from the web
Seoul virus is a type of hantavirus. People that become infected with this virus often exhibit relatively mild or no disease but some will develop a form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) with death in approximately 1-2% of cases (1 to 2 persons in 100 people).

FAQs: Seoul virus | Hantavirus | DHCPP | CDC
www.cdc.gov › hantavirus › outbreaks › faqs-seoul-virus
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SEOUL VIRUS | IDPH
www.dph.illinois.gov › topics-services › diseases-a-z-list
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Jan 19, 2017 - Not everyone infected with Seoul virus will have symptoms. In rare cases, symptoms may take up to eight weeks to develop. Initial symptoms ...
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Domestically Acquired Seoul Virus Causing Hemophagocytic ...
academic.oup.com › ofid › article › ofz404
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Sep 21, 2019 - Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Volume 6, Issue 10, October 2019, ofz404, ... Seoul orthohantavirus (SEOV) is an enveloped RNA virus in the ...
by B Shastri - ‎2019 - ‎Related articles
‎Abstract · ‎CASE REPORT · ‎Discussion

CDC Identifies Seoul Virus Outbreak Among Pet Rat Owners ...
www.the-scientist.com › the-nutshell › cdc-identifies-se...
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Feb 5, 2018 - Symptoms of Seoul virus infection range from mild influenza-like illness to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, which can cause acute kidney ...

Investigation of Seoul Virus Outbreak |
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Jan 25, 2020 - Seoul virus is a member of the hantavirus group of rodent-borne viruses. Trace-back and trace-out investigations of possibly infected rodents ...

Seoul virus – United States of America and Canada - WHO
www.who.int › csr › don › 20-february-2017-seoulviru...
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Feb 20, 2017 - Seoul virus is a type of hantavirus that is transmitted from rats to humans after exposure to aerosolized urine, droppings, or saliva of infected ...
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Seoul virus is a type of hantavirus carried by Norway rats and black rats. Humans may be infected after being exposed to urine, droppings or saliva of infected ...
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Seoul orthohantavirus - Wikipedia
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Jump to Viral proteins - Seoul orthohantavirus (SEOV) is a member of the Orthohantavirus family of rodent-borne viruses and can cause Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). It is an Old World hantavirus; a negative sense, single-stranded, tri-segmented RNA virus.
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Seoul Virus Tropism and Pathology in Naturally Infected ...
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Viruses. 2019 Jun 7;11(6). pii: E531. doi: 10.3390/v11060531. Seoul Virus Tropism and Pathology in Naturally Infected Feeder Rats. Maas M(1), van Heteren ...
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Outbreak of Seoul Virus Among Rats and Rat Owners - United ...
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Feb 2, 2018 - Viruses. 2019. PMID: 31319534 Free PMC article. Review.
by JL Kerins - ‎2018 - ‎Cited by 19 - ‎
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Comments on: Investigation of Seoul Virus Outbreak.

Distributed via the CDC Health Alert Network
January 24, 2017, 14:00 ET (2:00 PM ET)
CDCHAN-0040
Summary
CDC and health officials from Wisconsin and Illinois are conducting an investigation of Seoul virus infections among pet rats and persons exposed to rats at rat-breeding facilities in Wisconsin and Illinois. Seoul virus is a member of the hantavirus group of rodent-borne viruses. Trace-back and trace-out investigations of possibly infected rodents have identified distribution chains in other states that may require additional investigations. People who become infected with this virus often exhibit relatively mild or no symptoms, but some will develop a form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) with death in approximately 1–2% of HFRS cases. Although serologic studies have indicated the presence of Seoul virus in wild rats in the United States, this is the first known outbreak associated with pet rats in the United States.

As part of the outbreak investigation, CDC and Illinois and Wisconsin health officials are conducting trace-back and trace-out investigations to determine where rodents from confirmed-positive facilities may have been distributed.

CDC currently recommends testing of all persons who report recent or current illness after (1) handling rats from a facility with Seoul virus infection that was confirmed by laboratory testing (either rat or human), or (2) handling rats from a facility that sold rats to a facility with Seoul virus infection. Testing is also offered to persons without illness but (1) who are reporting exposure to rats from a facility with Seoul virus infection that was confirmed by laboratory testing, or (2) who are reporting exposure to rats from a facility that sold rats to a facility with Seoul virus infection but where no illness has been reported.

In general, CDC recommends consideration of hantavirus testing in all persons with symptoms of Seoul virus infection and rat contact, even if the rat was not associated with a facility where a confirmed infection in a rat or human was reported.

In the United States, hantavirus infections in people are notifiable conditions. Healthcare providers who suspect hantavirus infection in a patient should contact their state or local health department.

Background
During early December 2016, a home-based rat breeder in Wisconsin developed an acute febrile illness. During late December 2016, CDC tested a blood specimen from the patient and confirmed that the infection was caused by Seoul virus, a member of the hantavirus family of rodent-borne viruses. A family member who worked with rodents also tested positive for Seoul virus. Both people have recovered. A follow-up investigation of rat breeders who supplied the initial patient’s rats revealed six additional human cases of Seoul virus infections occurring at two Illinois rat-breeding facilities. Of the eight confirmed cases in Wisconsin and Illinois, two were hospitalized. Rats at these facilities have also tested positive for Seoul virus.
Human and animal health officials are working together to trace-back from where infected rodents may have come, and trace-out where potentially infected rodents may have been distributed, and make sure infected rats are not distributed further. Persons at risk of Seoul virus infection due to exposure to infected rats are also being identified. To date, state health officials in Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, and Wisconsin have been notified that their residents may have infected rats.
Seoul virus is transmitted from rats to people. People who become infected with this virus often exhibit relatively mild or no symptoms, but some develop HFRS (https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hfrs), which can result in death in approximately 1–2% of HFRS cases. Symptoms include fever, severe headache, back and abdominal pain, chills, blurred vision, redness of the eyes, or rash. HFRS is characterized by a prodromal phase with non-specific symptoms and can progress to hypotension, decreased urine output, and renal failure, which often resolves after a diuretic phase. Coagulopathy and pulmonary edema are rare complications. Laboratory findings include low platelets, elevated white blood cell counts, electrolyte abnormalities, elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, and proteinuria.
People can become infected after exposure to aerosolized urine, droppings, or saliva of infected rodents or after exposure to dust from their nests or bedding. Transmission may also occur from rat bites or when contaminated materials are directly introduced into broken skin or onto mucous membranes. The incubation period for humans ranges from 1 to 8 weeks; however, most individuals develop symptoms 1 to 2 weeks after exposure. Seoul virus is not spread from human to human. Infected rats do not become sick but can shed virus for many months.
Seoul virus infection in humans is confirmed by testing for Seoul virus IgM and IgG antibodies or by detection of viral RNA. IgM is commonly detectable within a few days after symptom onset and is detectable for approximately 2 to 3 months. IgG can usually be detected within a week after symptom onset and can remain detectable for years. Viral RNA is often detectable in blood from patients with acute disease. In coordination with state health departments, CDC offers testing for patients suspected of having Seoul virus infection.
There is no specific treatment for Seoul virus infection. Individuals with acute disease should have blood values monitored with laboratory testing, including complete blood count, basic metabolic profile, liver enzymes, and urinalysis. Supportive therapy is a mainstay of care. Care includes careful management of the patient’s hydration, renal function, and electrolyte levels; care also includes maintenance of correct oxygen and blood pressure levels and appropriate treatment of any secondary infections. Dialysis may be required to correct severe fluid overload. Intravenous ribavirin is an investigational drug that can be available on an emergency use basis for severe disease (http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/HowDrugsareDevelopedandApproved/ApprovalApplications/InvestigationalNewDrugINDApplication/ucm090039.htm).
Recommendations

CDC currently recommends laboratory testing for all persons who report recent or current illness after (1) handling rats from a facility with Seoul virus infection that was confirmed by laboratory testing (either rat or human), or (2) handling rats from a facility that sold rats to a facility with Seoul virus infection. Testing is also offered to persons with exposure to rats from a facility with Seoul virus infection that was confirmed by laboratory testing, or to persons with exposure to rats from a facility that sold rats to a facility with Seoul virus infection but where no illness was reported. All testing should be coordinated with the healthcare provider’s local or state health department.

Persons with potentially infected rats should not sell, trade, or release their rats. They should contact their state health department with any questions. Healthcare providers should emphasize the importance of safe animal practices with their patients (https://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/pets/small-mammals/petrodents.html).

Health care providers may also consider laboratory testing of patients with symptoms suggestive of Seoul virus infection and a history of rat contact, regardless of whether there is known interaction with rats or rat facilities with laboratory confirmed Seoul virus infections.

As with all human hantavirus infections, Seoul virus infection is a notifiable disease. Healthcare providers who suspect Seoul virus infection in a patient should report it to their local health department.

For laboratory testing inquiries, healthcare providers should contact their state or local health department. Prior approval is required by the state health department.

For More Information:
CDC Seoul virus FAQs: https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/outbreaks/seoul-virus/faqs.html
CDC healthy pets website: https://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/pets/small-mammals/petrodents.html
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) protects people’s health and safety by preventing and controlling diseases and injuries; enhances health decisions by providing credible information on critical health issues; and promotes healthy living through strong partnerships with local, national and international organizations.
Additional Resources
Thank you,
Karen Smith RN, NMCC, LSSGB
QA/Infection Prevention Manager
Wickenburg Community Hospital
520 Rose Lane
Wickenburg, AZ 85390
Office: (928) 668 – 1831
karen.smith@wickhosp.com

Domestically Acquired Seoul Virus Causing Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis—Washington, DC, 2018 | Open Forum Infectious Diseases

Fri, 29 May 2020 14:49:45 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story .

Abstract
Seoul orthohantavirus (SEOV) is an enveloped RNA virus in the genus Orthohantavirus of the family Bunyavirales. Although the virus and its natural host, the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), are globally distributed, the majority of known cases of SEOV occur in China and the Republic of Korea [1, 2]. SEOV infections are uncommonly reported in the United States [3], where the Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV) causes the majority of known hantavirus cases. As of January 2017, 728 cases of hantavirus infections have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), with >96% reported in the Western United States.
Humans infected with SEOV most commonly experience either no symptoms or a mild illness characterized by fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, rash, and conjunctival injection. Severe disease is rare and typically manifests as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), characterized by fever, hemorrhage, and impaired kidney function, as reflected by proteinuria or microhematuria and occasionally elevated creatinine. SEOV infection in humans has a mortality rate of <1%. In the SEOV outbreak among 183 rat owners in the United States and Canada in 2017, 24 (13.1%) had Seoul virus antibodies, 3 (12.5%) were hospitalized, and no deaths occurred [4].
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare immune disorder in which overactivity of white blood cells leads to hemophagocytosis and can result in death. HLH may be primary due to genetic causes or secondary due to cancers, autoimmune disorders, or infections. Although a variety of infections have been shown to cause HLH, studies have raised the possibility of HLH linked to HFRS, mostly due to PUUV- induced HFRS (Puumala virus) [5, 6].
Although it has been shown that wild Norway rats on the east coast of the United States can carry SEOV, it has never been noted in Washington, DC [7, 8]. This case represents a reported diagnosis of SEOV in a person residing in Washington, DC, and a case of HLH secondary to SEOV.
CASE REPORT
A 30-year-old male with no medical history presented to a Washington, DC, hospital in May 2018 with complaints of subjective fevers and myalgia for 6 days. He was evaluated at an urgent care clinic 3 days after onset of symptoms and advised to continue symptomatic management with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. He presented to the emergency department on day 6 POS (after onset of symptoms) with persistent fevers, worsening myalgia, and fatigue. He denied rash, joint pains, cough, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, and dysuria.
The patient was a resident of Washington, DC, and was employed as a maintenance worker at 2 facilities. He reported no travel outside the United States in the previous 9 years. The patient also reported no direct animal contact, known exposure to rodent excrement, or tick bites. However, he reported observing rats on the street outside his residence and outside both of his workplaces.
On admission, physical exam revealed an ill-appearing young male. Oral temperature was 39.5°C, heart rate 140 beats per minute, blood pressure 143/81 mm Hg, respiratory rate 16 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation on room air was 97%. He had mild bilateral conjunctival injection and flushed, diaphoretic skin without a rash, jaundice, or petechiae. He was breathing comfortably with no wheezing, crackles, or rhonchi. There was no hepatosplenomegaly or lymphadenopathy. Muscles and joints were not tender to palpation. A laboratory evaluation on admission was notable for elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit, thrombocytopenia, and elevated transaminases and creatinine (Table 1). Serum white blood cell count and bilirubin were normal. Chest radiography was normal. Abdominal ultrasound showed enlarged kidneys bilaterally, with the left kidney measuring 13.2 cm and right kidney 12.7 cm.
Table 1.
Laboratory evaluation of a 30 year old male from Washington DC on day 6, day 10 and day 16 post onset of symptoms of Seoul Virus infection (2018)
Specimen, Analyte . On Admission
POS Day 6 . Midcourse
POS Day 10 . On Discharge
POS Day 16 . Range .
White blood cell count, cells/mm³ 5000 14 800 7400 4000–10 800
Hemoglobin, g/dL 18.4 13.7 15.6 12.5–16.5
Hematocrit, % 55.4 40.2 46 37.5–49.5
No. of platelets/mm³ 25 000 74 316 145 000–400 000
Urea nitrogen, mg/dL 14 76 112 9–20
Creatinine, mg/dL 1.38 4.30 3.65 0.66–1.50
Creatinine kinase, units/L 768 1367 553 39–308
Aspartate aminotransferase, IU/L 209 127 21 3–34
Alanine aminotransferase, units/L 117 240 109 15–41
Total bilirubin, mg/dL 0.4 0.7 1.3 0.2–1.3
Specimen, Analyte . On Admission
POS Day 6 . Midcourse
POS Day 10 . On Discharge
POS Day 16 . Range .
White blood cell count, cells/mm³ 5000 14 800 7400 4000–10 800
Hemoglobin, g/dL 18.4 13.7 15.6 12.5–16.5
Hematocrit, % 55.4 40.2 46 37.5–49.5
No. of platelets/mm³ 25 000 74 316 145 000–400 000
Urea nitrogen, mg/dL 14 76 112 9–20
Creatinine, mg/dL 1.38 4.30 3.65 0.66–1.50
Creatinine kinase, units/L 768 1367 553 39–308
Aspartate aminotransferase, IU/L 209 127 21 3–34
Alanine aminotransferase, units/L 117 240 109 15–41
Total bilirubin, mg/dL 0.4 0.7 1.3 0.2–1.3
Table 1.
Laboratory evaluation of a 30 year old male from Washington DC on day 6, day 10 and day 16 post onset of symptoms of Seoul Virus infection (2018)
Specimen, Analyte . On Admission
POS Day 6 . Midcourse
POS Day 10 . On Discharge
POS Day 16 . Range .
White blood cell count, cells/mm³ 5000 14 800 7400 4000–10 800
Hemoglobin, g/dL 18.4 13.7 15.6 12.5–16.5
Hematocrit, % 55.4 40.2 46 37.5–49.5
No. of platelets/mm³ 25 000 74 316 145 000–400 000
Urea nitrogen, mg/dL 14 76 112 9–20
Creatinine, mg/dL 1.38 4.30 3.65 0.66–1.50
Creatinine kinase, units/L 768 1367 553 39–308
Aspartate aminotransferase, IU/L 209 127 21 3–34
Alanine aminotransferase, units/L 117 240 109 15–41
Total bilirubin, mg/dL 0.4 0.7 1.3 0.2–1.3
Specimen, Analyte . On Admission
POS Day 6 . Midcourse
POS Day 10 . On Discharge
POS Day 16 . Range .
White blood cell count, cells/mm³ 5000 14 800 7400 4000–10 800
Hemoglobin, g/dL 18.4 13.7 15.6 12.5–16.5
Hematocrit, % 55.4 40.2 46 37.5–49.5
No. of platelets/mm³ 25 000 74 316 145 000–400 000
Urea nitrogen, mg/dL 14 76 112 9–20
Creatinine, mg/dL 1.38 4.30 3.65 0.66–1.50
Creatinine kinase, units/L 768 1367 553 39–308
Aspartate aminotransferase, IU/L 209 127 21 3–34
Alanine aminotransferase, units/L 117 240 109 15–41
Total bilirubin, mg/dL 0.4 0.7 1.3 0.2–1.3
Hospital Course
The patient was admitted to the medical ward for further workup. On day 7 POS, his platelets decreased to 18 000/mm³, and he remained febrile with an oral temperature of 39.9°C. As a result of this, the Hematology and Infectious Diseases Departments were consulted to assist with further diagnostic testing. His peripheral blood smear showed megakaryocytes suggesting peripheral destruction without any evidence of a microangiopathic process or inclusion bodies. This selective destruction of platelets raised concerns for an autoimmune process, and he was started on intravenous immunoglobulin and intravenous methylprednisolone the same day. His fevers, myalgia, and fatigue resolved by day 8 POS. His platelets reached a nadir of 10 000/mm³ before recovering, and his hemoconcentration normalized on day 8 POS. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine peaked at 112 mg/dL and 4.95 mg/dL, respectively, by day 10 POS. Urine analysis was notable for >500 mg/dL protein and moderate blood. Serial, aerobic, and anaerobic blood cultures as well as a respiratory virus shell vial culture, were negative. Serologic and serum polymerase chain reaction testing for cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, HIV, hepatitis A, B, and C viruses, herpes simplex virus, parvovirus B19, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Leptospira interrogans were negative. Computed tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis showed no pertinent abnormalities. Kidney biopsy was suggestive of acute tubular damage with focal calcifications, and the interstitium demonstrated mild inflammatory infiltrate.
Triglyceride levels (on day 8 POS) and ferritin (on day 12 POS) checked in the evaluation of his thrombocytopenia were elevated: triglycerides 266 mg/dL and ferritin >40 000 ng/mL. A bone marrow biopsy performed on day 8 POS showed scattered hemophagocytic cells. His soluble interleukin-2 receptor (CD 25) level, checked on day 9 POS, was also elevated at 8820 pg/mL. At this time, the patient fulfilled 5 of 8 criteria for HLH, with fever and elevated ferritin, triglycerides, IL-2 levels, and hemophagocytotic cells in the bone marrow biopsy. He was started on standard HLH treatment with etoposide and dexamethasone.
Due to the patient's occupation in building maintenance with frequent rat sightings at 1 workplace, hemoconcentration, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury consistent with HFRS, hantavirus infection was suspected, and commercial serologic testing was performed on day 11 POS (Quest Infectious Diseases Inc., San Juan Capistrano, CA). Results returned positive for both hantavirus immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) on day 14 POS. He received treatment for HLH presumed to be induced by hantavirus infection and tolerated it well. He was discharged 18 days after symptom onset with a serum creatinine of 2.3 mg/dL, normal complete blood counts, and improving transaminases.
Given the unusual nature of the patient's presentation and his possible rat exposure, the DC Department of Health (DC Health) and CDC were contacted to request further assistance with diagnostic and epidemiological surveillance. Whole-blood and serum specimens from day 11 POS that were sent to the CDC tested positive for SEOV IgM and IgG via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at titers of ≥1:6400. RNA extracted from patient serum tested negative by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a nested pan-hantavirus assay known to detect SEOV.
As a result of the reported rodent exposure and no reported exposure to pet rats, DC Health Rodent Control completed inspections of the 3 addresses where the patient had observed rats. Evidence of rats was not discovered at 2 locations, but rat feces were discovered at 1 of the patient's workplaces. At this location, it was also noted that an adjacent vacant property had a substantial rat infestation. Abatement steps were taken on the vacant property, and the patient's employer was mandated to hire a pest control company.
Discussion
Our case is unique because, to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of HLH secondary to SEOV HFRS and the second hantavirus infection associated with the syndrome, with the first case reported in South Korea in 2002 secondary to Hantaan virus infection [6]. Past studies have documented that Norway rats serve as the reservoir species for SEOV in the United States and elsewhere [7, 8, 9, 10]. The 2016–2017 outbreak of SEOV associated with exposure to pet rats was the first time that SEOV had been linked to the pet rat population in the United States. Whole-genome sequencing of outbreak specimens revealed a closer linkage to the Cherwell strain, a strain of SEOV from infected pet rats in the United Kingdom [3, 11]. It was not possible in our case to genetically characterize the SEOV strain as PCR testing was negative. This was expected as the specimen was collected 11 days after the patient's onset of illness. Furthermore, as the SEOV strain could not be isolated from the patient, DC Health did not attempt to capture wild rats for surveillance testing.
Our case illustrates the ongoing risk of SEOV infection to people who may be exposed to wild rat infestations in occupational or other peridomestic settings, highlighting the importance of rodent control measures. Although uncommon, there have been a number of SEOV cases in the last 2 years in the United States, and SEOV should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with an undifferentiated febrile illness with renal injury and a possible history of recent rodent exposure. This case also demonstrates that SEOV should be included among the etiologies of HLH and suggests that such cases would be expected to respond to standard HLH treatment.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the staff at the Viral Special Pathogens diagnostic laboratory, CDC, Atlanta, GA, and the Washington DC Department of Health for their assistance with diagnosis and surveillance.
Financial support. This article was supported by a publication processing fee waiver by OFID/Oxford Journals.
Potential conflicts of interest. All authors: no reported conflicts of interest. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.
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Michael_Novakhov shared this story from ZME Science.

One of the most thorough studies of its kind, involving more than 20,000 patients in the UK across 208 hospitals, has ranked the main risk factors linked with the worst outcomes for COVID-19. Additionally, the study also ranked the main symptoms of coronavirus based on their frequency.

The British researchers, which are affiliated with universities from across the country, assessed the clinical features of patients admitted to hospitals with COVID-19 during the early growth phase of the first wave of the outbreak, between 6 February and 19 April 2020.

The median age of the 20,133 hospital inpatients with COVID-19 was 73 years while the median duration of symptoms before admission was required was 4 days (1-8 days).

According to the assessment, there are four main risk factors that are associated with developing the most dangerous coronavirus symptoms: age, sex, weight, and underlying illness.

Aside from old age, the researchers found that being male is an important factor, with 60% of coronavirus patients being male.

The vast majority of hospitalized coronavirus patients had at least one underlying chronic disease, with cardiac disease being the most prevalent among those who died, followed by asthmatic chronic pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and liver disease.

Lastly, obesity was also found to be an important risk factor, although other studies have not linked obesity with in-hospital mortality after adjusting for other comorbidities, age, and sex.

Something should be said about smoking, too. Only 6% of the patients were current smokers and 30.8% were previous smokers. Although the study was not able to class smoking as a comorbidity, another recent study performed at Imperial College in London found that smokers were 14% more likely to end up in a hospital with coronavirus symptoms than non-smokers.

The study also tallied the most frequent coronavirus symptoms, such as cough, fever, shortness of breath, fatigue, and confusion, in this order.

These findings are very similar to other studies that reported on COVID-19 risk factors and symptoms. However, it’s valuable to see them confirmed by a massive study such as this, involving more than 20,000 hospitalized patients.

The findings were reported in The BMJ

Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks: Analysis of COVID-19 autopsies reveals many new details about this disease. | While many hypotheses already exist, a well-accepted consensus on the cause of the clotting disorders remains elusive to date.

Fri, 29 May 2020 11:21:15 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Covid-19-Review.

While many hypotheses already exist, a well-accepted consensus on the cause of the clotting disorders remains elusive to date.
Spotting the Clotting: Hypercoagulopathy in COVID-19 | EMS World https://www.emsworld.com/article/1224381/spotting-clotting-hypercoagulopathy-covid-19 …

Spotting the Clotting: Hypercoagulopathy in COVID-19

Severe COVID-19 illness can involve a spectrum of inflammation and unusual vascular disorders.

emsworld.com

https://covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/michael-novakhov-sharednewslinks_29.html

Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks℠ | InBrief |
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Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks
Analysis of COVID-19 autopsies reveals many new details about this disease
Scapegoats: Virologists face death threats during coronavirus crisis \| Germany\| News and in-depth reporting from Berlin and beyond \| DW
Is COVID-19 Disease X that WHO warned of in 2018?
Disease X: accelerating the development of medical countermeasures for the next pandemic
Spotting the Clotting: Hypercoagulopathy in COVID-19
Thrombotic microangiopathy, addressing the prominent coagulopathy and neuropsychiatric symptoms... microangiopathy and excessive cytokine release.
Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2: targeting of endothelial cells renders a complex disease with thrombotic microangiopathy and aberrant immune response. The Mount Sinai COVID-19 autopsy experience \| medRxiv
Andes Hantavirus as potential bioweapon - Google Search
Rodents as Potential Couriers for Bioterrorism Agents
4:07 PM 5/28/2020 - This is a fantasy: "lack of the restaurant leftovers". The real reason is that #RATS ARE INFECTED WITH #HANTERVIRUS & POSSIBLY #CORONAVIRUS & TRANSMIT THESE #INFECTIONS TO HUMANS, JUST LIKE THEY DID FOR ALL HUMAN HISTORY. Do not fantasize, address the issue!
Coronavirus New York: CDC warns of aggressive rats - ABC7 New York
"Starving, angry and cannibalistic: America's rats are getting desperate amid coronavirus pandemic" - https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national... I think, the real #reason is that these #rats are #crazy and psychotic, because they are #sick: intentionally infected with #Hantavirus and #Coronavirus. They have to be tested and indeed eradicated: they might be the real vector of the Disease X - M.N.
10:14 AM 5/28/2020 - Covid-19 and infected pork: Maybe, the answer is the INFECTED PORK: Hantavirus? Coronavirus? Co-infection? Other? Are the infected rats and pigs the silent asymptomatic carriers and the super-spreaders of Covid-19?
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Nature publishes Shanghai COVID-19 study that suggests COVID-19 origins unknown
12:41 PM 5/27/2020 - Covid-19 is the Disease-X-19, one or several diseases or infections, with uncertain causes and mechanisms. It might be the new Bioweapon of the new Pandemic-Biowarfare, the clever and sophisticated Intelligence Operation, possibly by German New Abwehr - M.N.
Inflamed brains, toe rashes, strokes: Why COVID-19's weirdest symptoms are only emerging now \| National Geographic
More than 'covid toes': Numerous reports of skin rashes tied to COVID-19 \| Live Science
9:08 AM 5/26/2020 - Covid-19 and Hantaviruses: "The symptoms of the Hantavirus are almost similar to that of Coronavirus, it is essentially transmitted from rodents to humans" \| Potential Uses of the Hantavirus as a Biological Weapon \| Security Studies Online
9:53 AM 5/26/2020 - Mike Nova's Shared NewsLinks Review: Potential Uses of the Hantavirus as a Biological Weapon \| Security Studies Online \| Studies have shown that this virus can be shed in the feces, which means that shared bathrooms can be a source of infection.
Are the tests for the Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers performed in the hospitals for the differential diagnosis when Covid-19 is suspected?
5:55 PM 5/25/2020 - Mike Nova's Shared NewsLinks Review: May 15, 2020 - Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is endemic in ... Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; 2. Institute ...hemorrhagic fever china - Google Search
nosocomial factors in the outbreaks of hemorrhagic fevers - Google Search
Deutsche Welle: Coronavirus: Experts warn of bioterrorism after pandemic

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Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks

Analysis of COVID-19 autopsies reveals many new details about this disease

Fri, 29 May 2020 11:06:57 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story .

Pathologists at The Mount Sinai Hospital, at the epicenter of the COVID-19 global pandemic, have prepared one of the largest, most comprehensive analysis of autopsies of COVID-19 victims to date, revealing many complex new details about the disease. The analysis was released on the preprint server MedRxiv.

"An essential contribution of pathology is the understanding of the biology of the disease and the range of organ damage, and for this reason, we decided to uncompromisingly perform as many autopsies as possible," said Carlos Cordon-Cardo, MD, Ph.D., Irene Heinz Given and John LaPorte Given Professor and Chair of the Lillian and Henry M. Stratton-Hans Popper Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, and co-author of the study.

"Post-mortem examinations (autopsies) are the gold standard for the elucidation of the underlying pathophysiology of disease. Despite a rapidly growing body of literature focusing on the clinical impact and molecular microbiology of SARS-CoV-2, autopsy studies have comparatively been few and far between," said Mary Fowkes, MD, Ph.D., Director of the Autopsy Service, and senior author of the paper. SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes COVID-19.

To date, the team has performed more than 90 autopsies on deceased COVID-19 patients at The Mount Sinai Hospital. The published work analyzes the first 67. Gross anatomical findings were combined with the clinical history and laboratory data for all 67 patients. Microscopic examinations were carried out by the team, using special stains, immunochemistry, electron microscopy, and molecular pathology assays.

COVID-19 was initially conceptualized as a primarily respiratory illness, but the Mount Sinai analysis laid out in detail that it also causes damage to the thin layer of cells that line blood vessels (endothelium), which underlies the clotting abnormalities and hypoxia observed in severely ill patients who develop multi-organ failure that leads to death in some patients.

"The physical evidence we ascertained through our postmortem analyses helps elucidate the mechanisms behind some of the clinical symptoms observed by physicians treating COVID-19 patients, including thromboembolisms and neuropsychiatric disorders," says Clare Bryce, MBChB, Associate Professor of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, and, first author of the study.

The lungs in nearly all cases showed diffuse damage to the alveoli, the small sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood. This damage is the typical microscopic evidence of clinical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with most cases showing fibrin (a fibrous, non-globular protein involved in the clotting of blood) and/or platelet thrombi, or clots, to varying extents. This same pathology is found in most cases of ARDS, including those related to other coronoaviruses. However, the totality of findings in the autopsy series as a whole, with blood clots in multiple other organ systems—most notably the brain, kidney, and liver—reflects endothelial damage as an underlying process, which would also correlate with the activation of the coagulation cascade and persistent elevation of blood markers of inflammation.

The examined brains showed a surprising scarcity of inflammation, with only a few cases showing small foci of chronic inflammation. However, a surprising number of cases showed microthrombi with small and patchy evidence of tissue death caused by blockage of blood vessels in both peripheral and deep parts of the brain. These small microinfarcts may explain some of the psychological changes seen in some COVID-19 positive patients.

This study brings new light into the pathophysiology of COVID-19, offering justification for novel treatment plans, including the anticoagulation strategies being put into effect by clinical leaders including Valentin Fuster, MD, Ph.D., Director of Mount Sinai Heart and Physician-in-Chief at The Mount Sinai Hospital.

More information:

Clare Bryce et al. Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2: targeting of endothelial cells renders a complex disease with thrombotic microangiopathy and aberrant immune response. The Mount Sinai COVID-19 autopsy experience,

(2020).

DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20099960

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Scapegoats: Virologists face death threats during coronavirus crisis | Germany| News and in-depth reporting from Berlin and beyond | DW

Fri, 29 May 2020 10:18:41 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story .

Every country has at least one high-profile COVID-19 expert, who has become as recognizable as the country's leader.

And Germany is no exception. Christian Drosten quickly became a household name when he took on the role of the government's go-to expert on COVID-19.

The top virologist of the renowned Charité hospital in Berlin, and was one of the scientists to discover the SARS virus in 2013. Drosten became known to a wide audience through a daily audio podcast from German regional broadcaster NDR "Das Coronavirus-Update," in which he answered questions about COVID-19. The podcast quickly became a huge success with more than 43 million downloads or plays.

But as more people began to deny the COVID-19 threat and began todemonstrate against the lockdown measures, Drosten and other virologists were accused of fearmongering and began to see the darker side to the newfound public attention.

Drosten vs. Bild

Earlier this week, Germany's biggest tabloid Bild accused Drosten of publishing fake figures in a study on COVID-19 in children with the aim of pushing an alleged political agenda.

Together with a research group, Drosten had examined the viral concentration of COVID-19 in the throats of children and adults, and came to the conclusion that contrary to prior estimates, children may be affected by the virus the same as adults. The findings were criticized by some fellow scientists.

But the Bild newspaper claimed that Drosten's study led to the closure of schools and kindergartens across Germany, which opponents to the restrictions saw as a mistake.

What followed was a week-long back and forth about scientific procedures and journalistic ethics. On Twitter, economist Jörg Stoye called the Bild’s coverage an "anti-Drosten campaign."

Drosten compared to Mengele

Doubts over Drosten's advice and the action taken to contain COVID-19 have become louder in recent weeks, both on social media and on the streets, where thousands were turning out to protest lockdown measures, among them far-right extremists and conspiracy theorists.

Earlier in May stickers began appearing on lampposts in Munich comparing Drosten with Joseph Mengele — the infamous Nazi physician who carried out monstrous medical experiments on prisoners at Auschwitz concentration camp. "Trust me, I'm a doctor," read the slogan under the photos.

Drosten and other virologists have been discredited by politicians even from moderate political quarters. Armin Laschet, state premier of Germany's most populous state North Rhine-Westphalia is an opponent of strict lockdown measures. He is seeking to capitalize on the crisis in his bid to become the new chairman of Angela Merkel's CDU. On prime time television he accused virologists of changing their minds every few days.

'Drink this'

Along with slurs and ridicule and the online trolls came death threats.

On May 26, Social Democrat (SPD) MP and epidemiologist Karl Lauterbach posted a photo on Twitter. It showed a brown parcel addressed to him at the German parliament. Inside, he found a small bottle of liquid labelled "positive." "Drink this - it will make you immune," read the accompanying anonymous note.

Within an hour, virologist Drosten tweeted that he, too, had been sent an identical package.

Then Lauterbach received a second threat: A postcard with a cross, his name and the instruction to take care of his family.

The perpetrators are still unknown.

Germany's Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA) says it's "working intensively to better identify perpetrators and prevent violence."

"The task at hand, however, is for society as a whole," the BKA told DW in an email. "Education and prevention are important in order to prevent radical ideas from arising in the first place. We need cooperation in which everyone stands for fundamental rights and an open society."

Already in April,in an interview with the UK daily The Guardian, Drosten had spoken of the death threats which he had passed on to police.

"For many Germans, I'm the evil guy who is crippling the economy," he said.

(Don't) shoot the messenger

Drosten's story prompted Jeremy Farrar, the director of the Wellcome Trust and a member of the UK's Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), to tweet in "solidarity": "Many of us have received such threats.”

Drosten's American counterpart, Dr. Anthony Fauci, the country's leading infectious disease expert, now has personal protection after also receiving death threats.

While many US voters consider the 79-year-old a voice of reason in the Trump administration, it's Fauci's staunch advocacy of social distancing measures and comments, which are often at odds with those of President Donald Trump, that have made him an object of hate for others. Right-wing radicals claim that Fauci's goal is to stop Trump's re-election in this year's presidential election.

Criticism from Republican senators — eager to revive the flailing US economy — has also lent a hand in giving a voice to the US conservative base which claims Fauci doesn't have the country's best interests in mind.

Strategy: solidarity

Michael Lühmann from the Götting Institute for Democracy research says that it is important that the process logic of science is better understood.

"Debates, arguments, disputes are part of science, and are part of the search for knowledge," he told DW. "Science should always endeavor to translate knowledge in society."

"This doesn't mean that science should automatically provide political guidelines. The deductions are still reserved for social discourse and political translation. On the contrary, science should not be afraid to make recommendations that can be derived from scientific knowledge."

But if campaigns and attacks are carried out, as in the case of virologists, with the sole aim of discrediting scientists, then they should be rejected and scientists should fight together, Lühmann says.

"In this context, solidarity is not just a word, but also a strategy against such attacks."

Understanding conspiracy theories

Is COVID-19 Disease X that WHO warned of in 2018?

Fri, 29 May 2020 10:13:08 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story .

Disease X predictions: mortality rate higher than seasonal flu; spread as easily as the flu; shake financial markets even before turning pandemic

In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a list of 10 diseases that can cause epidemics; all were viral in nature. Besides the usual suspects such as Zika, Ebola and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) — triggered by a coronavirus, it also had a Disease X, to be caused by an unknown pathogen. There is now a growing consensus that COVID-19 is Disease X.

“This outbreak (COVID-19) is rapidly becoming the first true pandemic challenge that fits the Disease X category,” writes Marion Koopmans, head, viroscience department, Erasmus University Medical Centre in The Netherlands in the journal, Cell.

Peter Daszak, who was part of the WHO team that collated the 2018 list, writes in the New York Times that they had postulated that Disease X would be viral, originate in animals and would emerge in a place where economic development drives people and wildlife together. The group predicted that the disease would be confused with other diseases during the initial stages and would spread quickly due to travel and trade.

Disease X would have a mortality rate higher than seasonal flu and would spread as easily as the flu. It would shake the financial markets even before it became pandemic. “In a nutshell, COVID-19 is Disease X,” he writes. This flies in the face of WHO’s expectations that the next pandemic would be that of influenza.

The devastation caused by COVID-19 pandemic is a rude reminder of the fact that the world needs to better understand and manage epidemics. “Our understanding of infectious diseases has improved. But we don’t fully understand all aspects regarding the emergence of epidemics,” says Suresh V Kuchipudi, clinical professor and associate director, Animal Diagnostic Lab, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University.

He, however, highlights a similarity among the past few epidemics: “RNA (ribonucliec acid) viruses have caused all the recent major outbreaks, including COVID-19.” Due to their inherent nature to mutate and evolve, RNA viruses are more likely to cause future epidemics.

WHO tracked 1,483 epidemic events in 172 countries between 2011 and 2018. Nearly 60 per cent of the recent epidemics were zoonotic, of which 72 per cent originated in wildlife. Besides COVID-19, WHO reported nine disease outbreaks in the first 79 days of 2020.

Climate change and environmental degradation are making matters worse as they help viruses to mutate faster, thus increasing the rate of spread. RNA viruses have mutation rates that are up to a million times higher than their hosts.

These high rates are correlated with enhanced virulence and evolvability, traits considered beneficial for viruses, wrote Siobain Duffy, associate professor at the School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, in PLoS Biology in 2018.

Viral diseases are difficult to control and the limited knowledge about them adds to the challenge. Despite decades of experience, scientists are not even close to finding an effective method to contain a viral outbreak.

In fact, the currently used contaiment methods such as social isolation and closing down of schools were also used during the deadly Spanish flu in 1917-1918. The methods did not work then, and they do not seem to be working now. Even the much-promoted hand washing might not be as effective as is being expected.

Researchers at the University of Hong Kong found that personal protective measures such as hand hygiene or face masks and environmental hygiene measures such as improved hygiene and environmental cleaning do not help reduce transmission of influenza.

Despite the mounting threat, there are no global comprehensive surveillance efforts that proactively monitor the emergence of potential pandemic viruses. In 2018, a project (Global Virome Project) was launched to develop a global atlas of most of the planet’s naturally occurring potentially zoonotic viruses over the next 10 years.

Scientists today know just over 260 viruses in humans, which cumulatively account for just 0.1 per cent of potential zoonoses. In other words, the world remains ignorant about 99.9 per cent of potential zoonotic viruses.

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Disease X: accelerating the development of medical countermeasures for the next pandemic

Fri, 29 May 2020 10:07:19 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story .

Response toolsSelect a combination of diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutic products on the basis of the epidemic response and control strategyEpidemic or pandemic potential of the pathogen (eg, virulence, latency, pathophysiology); technical feasibility (eg, similarity to known pathogen, antigenic diversity, biomarkers); availability of other public health or epidemic control measures (eg, vector control, social distancing)Product strategyGenerate a product-specific target product profile to define essential product performance specificationsIndication for use (eg, pre-exposure or post-exposure prophylaxis, suppressive therapy); vaccination strategy and target population (eg, herd vs ring vaccination, use in paediatric populations or pregnant women, geographical considerations); durability of protection, product formulation stability and storage, route of administration, production, co-administration or combination therapyTarget selectionIdentify and prioritise potential targets for vaccine and drug candidate development that meet the target product profileUnderstanding of the natural history, biology, pathogenesis, and genetics of the pathogen (eg, viral life cycle, entry mechanisms, hosts, genomic sequence); mechanism of action or immunological response, and product development biomarkersAnimal modelSelect and develop well-defined and standardised animal models that recapitulate the pathogenesis of human disease to do efficacy studiesCorrelation of animal and human response, ease of use, animal rule requirements; availability, standardisation, and validation of reagents and related assays; toxicology studies or data required for drug repurposingPlatform selectionVaccine type (eg, attenuated and recombinant protein with or without adjuvants), therapeutics (eg, small molecules, antibodies), diagnostics (eg, lateral flow, nucleic acid technology)Safety profile, speed of development, complexity, ability to culture pathogen, immunological response (eg, humoral vs cellular, duration); availability of verification specimensManufacturingSelect suitable platform for manufacture of quality product at required scaleBiocontainment requirements, scalability, available capacity, formulation, dose selection, regulatory requirements for release assay validation, and qualification or validation of good manufacturing practicesClinical development planDefine clinical trial design (geography, sites, sample size, control groups) including clinical endpoints (survival vs disease prevention)Expertise of clinical trial sites, capacity, disease incidence or epidemiology studies; established infrastructure (including patient recruitment and enrolment, data collection and management); coordination between operational (ie, outbreak response) and research groupsManufacturing partnerIdentify qualified partners with the required manufacturing capabilities of good manufacturing practices and the capacity to meet product specificationsTechnology transfer plan, requisite infrastructure (capital equipment, talent, vendor support), access to raw materials, fill-finish capabilityDeliveryDefine product access and delivery methods across the supply chainSupply chain requirements (cold chain or thermostability); in-country operations, transfer and import or export agreements; means of dissemination (eg, fixed posts vs house-to-house campaigns)

Spotting the Clotting: Hypercoagulopathy in COVID-19

Fri, 29 May 2020 10:03:06 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story .

Only 90 days ago the SARS-CoV-2 virus was a readily dismissed concern in the minds of most Americans and many others worldwide. But as of mid-May, the novel virus had infected nearly 5 million (known) persons globally, with roughly a third of those COVID-19-positive patients in the U.S.

Since March 6th, when only nine Americans had died from COVID-19, over 90,000 U.S. citizens have now succumbed. More concerning, many of those dying have been young, previously healthy persons, including frontline first responders, doctors, nurses, and many other healthcare colleagues.

Early on COVID-19 was largely described as a severe respiratory illness characterized by cough, fever, and "flu-like" symptoms. Those seeking hospital care generally were described as having severe dry cough, dyspnea, fever, and pleuritic chest pain or tightness. Many were also found to have arterial oxygen desaturation, even in the absence of dyspnea. Some patients remained minimally symptomatic, but others had shown they could rapidly decompensate into a severe respiratory failure requiring ventilator support, with a radiographic picture often resembling adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Considering these overt pulmonary disease presentations, a focus on the pulmonary disease process has become central in discussions regarding management of the virus, not only among clinicians and public health officials but also the media and public. As often seen in ARDS, the severe lung disease cases are also frequently associated with renal demise, liver enzyme elevations, myocardial dysfunction, and other general signs of so-called “cytokine storm.” Thus this multiorgan failure has been widely accepted as a secondary complication of the more overt pulmonary symptoms and hypoxemia—until recently.

More Than the Lung

Severe COVID-19 illness may not just be primarily a pulmonary problem but rather a broad systemic infection that involves a spectrum of widespread inflammatory processes and highly unusual vascular disorders that not only contribute to respiratory dysfunction, but also create many other pathological findings. Specifically, in many affected patients the virus seems to cause widespread clotting of capillaries and smaller blood vessels, accompanied by concomitant inflammatory processes that suffocate previously healthy tissues. In some patients clotting in larger vessels may result in deep-vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, stroke, and even myocardial injury.

While many hypotheses already exist, a well-accepted consensus on the cause of the clotting disorders remains elusive to date. As has been emphasized more recently with respect to children, a widespread systemic inflammatory response can occur with COVID-19. Typically occurring a little later in the clinical course of symptomatology, this complication is often characterized as a so-called “cytokine storm”, usually marked by high levels of inflammatory proteins in the bloodstream. This pathological development is now well-associated with processes like myocarditis, encephalitis and diffuse vasculitis. It is speculated, therefore, that the vasculitis could potentially trigger widespread clotting. However, for many other reasons, including the observation of clotting problems in the absence of distinct systemic inflammatory complications, the precise cause still remains unclear. In fact, it is also speculated the clotting and associated microinfarcts in various body tissues could be, in turn, a key contributor to the inflammatory processes.

Overall, the current common clinical opinions of front-line practitioners are that the clotting and inflammatory complications are likely intertwined processes, but that they may also be independently-acting complications in some cases and that both need to be addressed accordingly. In that respect, the purpose of this discussion is to specifically examine an approach to hypercoagulable states associated with COVID-19.

The consequences of this diffuse clotting disorder can be grave and yet not readily recognized. In turn, this more sublime pathological aspect of COVID-19 has ramifications for providers who may first encounter possible COVID-19 patients in the out-of-hospital setting. Be they first responders, paramedics, medical directors, nursing practitioners, primary care physicians, or public health officials, awareness of this clotting process is essential. Early recognition and appropriately directed treatment are believed to be key to preventing further disease progression. A cognitive appreciation for this more subtle yet quite detrimental complication of COVID-19 may be instrumental in mitigating its more serious sequelae.

Much of the current knowledge regarding this so-called “vascular plugging” complication of COVID-19 emanates from autopsy reports in which postmortem examinations revealed widespread microthrombi (small blood clots) associated with platelet clumping throughout the body, as well as clots in larger vessels too. With respect to the more overt pulmonary disease processes, microthrombi may create pulmonary microinfarcts (leading to tissue demise and death). Accumulation of dying tissue debris in the lung appears to be further exacerbated by inflammatory white cells infiltrating the lung airspaces (much like pus) along with associated edematous changes further complicating lung function.

While these pathological processes lead to respiratory compromise, similar processes can also occur in vessels that supply the central nervous system or other key organ systems. The circulatory compromise in neurological tissue is thought to cause a multitude of manifestations ranging from isolated altered smell and taste disturbances to a significant number of brain tissue infarcts (strokes), some minor, some major. These neurological complications can be associated with accompanying inflammatory responses resembling encephalitis in many cases.

Similar effects of this clotting complication attack the heart, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, liver, and even skin, particularly in the fingertips and toes. There also reports of thrombi formation in dialysis circuits and ECMO pumps, which can be life-threatening if not addressed expediently. Recently reports have even shown venous and arterial clotting resulting in limb loss. A major concern is that this clotting disorder may also lead to unanticipated lethal pulmonary embolus or cardiac arrest with no heralding signs or symptoms.

Spotting and (Hopefully) Blotting the Clotting

Physical distancing and shelter-at-home strategies have slowed the spread of the infection, but once a person acquires it, is there a way to slow the disease process, its complications, and even associated deaths? If multiorgan damage is primarily due to persistent clotting, then perhaps antiplatelet therapy or anticoagulant interventions may be helpful in slowing or even reversing the process.

In an attempt to begin to understand the pathophysiology, prevalence, and management of COVID-19, a coalition of EMS, emergency medicine (EM), and critical care clinician researchers was formed in early March in South Florida. This de facto collaborative featured representation from a number of EMS agencies, emergency departments, and critical care units across three counties (Broward, Miami-Dade, and Palm Beach). The group adopted the moniker SoFloCo (South Florida Collaborative). Even as the first autopsy data were beginning to appear, many of the SoFloCo team members had already started to evaluate the clotting parameters of patients, including those with and without specific signs or symptoms of a clotting diathesis.

Communicated through messaging apps and twice-weekly video conferences, the exchange of information and debates across the coalition became a constant cognitive “neighborhood sandbox”—a virtual think-tank initiative that addressed evolving observations regarding COVID-19 and its assessment and management.

The importance of the clotting disorder, its prevalence, and considerations for empiric treatment became early topics of discussion. At first it was recommended that patients would receive a “clotting workup” after arriving at the hospital. But typical clotting parameters such as D-dimer measurements, prothrombin time, and INRs (international normalized ratios) did not appear to be specific enough and often were simply considered to be compatible with a massive inflammatory response, similar to elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) counts and ferritin levels.

Thanks to recent advances in trauma care, however, the group was able to rapidly consider and turn to the early use of thromboelastography (TEG) as a better test of whole blood clotting in any individual patient (Figure 1). Over the past two months, TEG evaluations have shown many COVID-19 patients are indeed hypercoagulable (“hyperclotters”). This finding was therefore consistent with evolving pathological data reporting widespread microthrombi formation. But, at the same time and very notably, TEG has also shown a certain percentage of patients also can be hypocoagulable and thus more prone to bleeding. In other cases, the patients my be hypercoagulable, but are also found to have low platelet levels.

Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Covid-19-Review.

Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2

https://covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/thrombotic-microangiopathy-addressing.html

Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2: targeting of endothelial cells renders a complex disease with thrombotic microangiopathy and aberrant immune response. The Mount Sinai COVID-19 autopsy experience

Abstract

CONCLUSIONS

We report a comprehensive autopsy series of 67 COVID-19 positive patients revealing that this disease, so far conceptualized as a primarily respiratory viral illness, also causes endothelial dysfunction, a hypercoagulable state, and an imbalance of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Novel findings reported here include an endothelial phenotype of ACE2 in selected organs, which correlates with clotting abnormalities and thrombotic microangiopathy, addressing the prominent coagulopathy and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Another original observation is that of macrophage activation syndrome, with hemophagocytosis and a hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like disorder, underlying the microangiopathy and excessive cytokine release. We discuss the involvement of critical regulatory pathways.

__________________________________________________________________________

Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks℠ | InBrief |

Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2: targeting of endothelial cells renders a complex disease with thrombotic microangiopathy and aberrant immune response. The Mount Sinai COVID-19 autopsy experience | medRxiv

Fri, 29 May 2020 08:15:10 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story .

Abstract

BACKGROUND Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated clinical syndrome COVID-19 are causing overwhelming morbidity and mortality around the globe, disproportionately affecting New York City. A comprehensive, integrative autopsy series that advances the mechanistic discussion surrounding this disease process is still lacking. METHODS Autopsies were performed at the Mount Sinai Hospital on 67 COVID-19 positive patients and data from the clinical records were obtained from the Mount Sinai Data Warehouse. The experimental design included a comprehensive microscopic examination carried out by a team of expert pathologists, along with transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, RNA in situ hybridization, as well as immunology and serology assays. RESULTS Laboratory results of our COVID-19 cohort show elevated inflammatory markers, abnormal coagulation values, and elevated cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα. Autopsies revealed large pulmonary emboli in four cases. We report microthrombi in multiple organ systems including the brain, as well as conspicuous hemophagocytosis and a secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like syndrome in many of our patients. We provide electron microscopic, immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical evidence of the presence of the virus and the ACE2 receptor in our samples. CONCLUSIONS We report a comprehensive autopsy series of 67 COVID-19 positive patients revealing that this disease, so far conceptualized as a primarily respiratory viral illness, also causes endothelial dysfunction, a hypercoagulable state, and an imbalance of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Novel findings reported here include an endothelial phenotype of ACE2 in selected organs, which correlates with clotting abnormalities and thrombotic microangiopathy, addressing the prominent coagulopathy and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Another original observation is that of macrophage activation syndrome, with hemophagocytosis and a hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like disorder, underlying the microangiopathy and excessive cytokine release. We discuss the involvement of critical regulatory pathways.

Andes Hantavirus as potential bioweapon - Google Search

Thu, 28 May 2020 19:27:51 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story .

Search Results

Rodents as Potential Couriers for Bioterrorism Agents

Thu, 28 May 2020 16:19:03 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story .

eliberate release of pathogens can have a huge impact on society. At the same time, access to a range of pathogens can be relatively easy. Therefore, bioterrorism remains an important area of infectious disease preparedness. Many infectious diseases that have rodents as reservoirs are mentioned among the prime candidates for bioterrorism agents: hemorrhagic fevers, hantavirus, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, Q fever, tularemia, brucellosis, and bubonic plague are all rodent-reservoir zoonoses with potentially serious health effects.¹ It seems, however, that medical and veterinary scientists have not yet realized the full implication of being able to attack human or livestock populations indirectly through another host-organism and how chronic and insidious the consequences of such an attack would be.¹ This lack of awareness among medical professionals could lead to misdiagnosis and failure to recognize the need for rapid intervention in critical situations. Consequently, when discussing effects and damage control during a bioterrorism event, it is important to know not only the pathogen but also its potential reservoirs.

Biological Weapons

Approximately 17 countries in the world, including the former USSR and 5 countries that are implicated as sponsors of international terrorism, have or have had an active biowarfare research program, and several international terrorist organizations are believed to have the financial resources and political contacts needed to gain access to modern bioweapon cultures and production technologies.^2,3 Additionally, groups and individuals dissatisfied with a government or society have been known to use or plan to use biological weapons for personal reasons.³

Current classification of potential biological weapons is based on agent characteristics, such as the ease of obtaining and dispersing the agent, its virulence, morbidity, mortality, and also the capacity for individual-to-individual transmission. On the web pages of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), potential biological weapons are classified, according to the criteria mentioned above, into A, B, and C categories. Category A lists the pathogens that are most feared in the context of bioterrorism events.⁴ Most attention may need to be focused on combatting infections that have serious medical consequences, but in several cases, the economic damage caused by a pathogen may demand actions even though the medical effects are trivial.¹ Bioterrorists may not always be constrained by the need to target or predict their outcome precisely, and extensive epidemics are not a prerequisite for creating great public anxiety.^4,5 Simple fear of a disease could be enough to cause economic problems for a region because of, for example, diminished interest in recreational activities and tourism. Consequently, virtually any pathogenic microbe could be used by bioterrorists.

Besides human health concerns, the agricultural sector is vulnerable to bioterrorist attacks because domestic animals rarely have an innate resistance to foreign pathogens and are usually not vaccinated against these diseases.⁴ Even small outbreaks of exotic diseases in livestock could remove a country from the global market for its agricultural products.⁴ Agricultural bioterrorism is especially insidious as animals themselves may become the primary vectors for transferring agents.⁴ Furthermore, the majority of category A and B potential biological weapons on the CDC lists are of a zoonotic nature,⁵ and thus an attack on animal populations could pose a health risk for humans as well.

Bioterrorism and Wildlife

Unless an area is intensively monitored for pathogens, a deliberate release of infectious agents will probably not be detected at the time of release, but only after people or domestic animals exhibit symptoms of infection. The incubation periods of different kinds of infectious diseases vary, but in many cases, days or even weeks can pass before an outbreak is noticed. This provides the pathogen with the opportunity to spread and infect other organisms that may not have been targeted by the bioattack, such as local wildlife.

Wildlife is a natural reservoir for many diseases, and, as seen in the emergence of West Nile virus in the United States, the existence of wildlife reservoirs makes eradication of a disease that has had time to establish itself unrealistic.⁶ The damage can become extensive when the released agents manage to spread over large geographic areas before they are discovered. Many wildlife species are highly susceptible to high-priority bioterrorism agents,⁷ and, consequently, pathogens released during a bioattack directed at humans or livestock can either jump to wildlife or persist in the environment and cause zoonotic epidemics for a long time. Furthermore, several diseases with serious medical or economic significance for humans (eg, many viral hemorrhagic fevers) can infect wildlife species without their exhibiting overt clinical signs of infection, which can make the source identification of outbreaks complicated. Control measures of infectious diseases often involve immunization, but in the case of wildlife infections in which humans and domestic animals are not the reservoirs, herd immunity is not achievable, and pathogens cannot be eliminated through immunization.¹

Rodents and Infectious Diseases

Rodents can function as reservoirs and vectors spreading infectious diseases.⁸ Many rodent species are highly opportunistic, meaning that they can easily adapt to new conditions and are able to take advantage of temporarily suitable environmental conditions for rapid reproduction. These characteristics have allowed some species, such as the house mouse (Mus musculus) and brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), to spread over most of the Earth's terrestrial areas. Opportunistic qualities may also support a potential dispersal of other accidentally or deliberately introduced rodent species outside their endemic areas in the future. Moreover, the opportunistic species often have peridomestic affinities and often live in close proximity to human settlements, which makes them an important link for transmitting infections among wildlife, humans, and livestock.⁹

The absolute numbers of infectious diseases associated with rodents are not known, mainly because of the lack of complete systematic surveys of rodents for pathogens.⁹ However, according to Hugh-Jones et al.,¹⁰ rodents function as reservoirs for approximately 46% of all globally known zoonoses, and more people are believed to have died in the past thousand years because of rodentborne infections than wars.⁸ The symptoms of infections that are transmissible by rodents vary from relatively trivial (ie, skin lesions at the site of infection in cases of cowpox) to commonly fatal ones (ie, bubonic plague).¹ Transmission of rodentborne infections (Figure 1) may happen directly from rodents to humans (ie, hantaviruses) or via an arthropod vector (ie, fleas in cases of plague, ticks in cases of Lyme disease, and sand flies in cases of leishmaniasis).¹ Studies have also shown a direct connection between the abundance of rodents in the wild and the number of rodentborne human infections.¹¹

Rodents as a Dispersal Mechanism

A deliberate release of infected rodents or the contamination of wild rodents with pathogens would be a relatively easy way to threaten public health. For example, a diseased animal that is left on the ground or in a water source would be easily accessible to wild rodents and could cause a disease outbreak in an unexpected location. Many diseases are environmentally hardy and will be able to persist in organic or inorganic matrices for an extended period⁴ and could thus potentially infect, for instance, burrowing rats. Subsequent contact of these animals with humans or domestic animals could spread the disease. No incidences of rodent-targeted bioterrorism have been described in modern times. But during World War II, the Japanese army, Unit 731, was reported to have experimented with plague by harvesting plague-infected fleas from infected rodents and dropping them over populated areas in China and Manchuria.¹²

The likelihood of unintentionally infecting wild rodents during a bioattack targeted against humans or livestock is plausible. Most of the diseases caused by category A pathogens exploit rodents as vectors or reservoirs (eg, plague, tularemia, arena viruses, etc). This is also true for many of the diseases caused by category B pathogens (eg, toxoplasmosis, brucellosis, Q fever, etc). It might not be very likely that rodents come across anthrax letters targeted at certain individuals, but aerosolized pathogens that are released into the environment in a less targeted way could infect rodents, especially if the pathogen can survive in the environment for a long period. In cases of bioterrorism directed toward livestock, soil and water contamination by infected excreta from domestic livestock could spread pathogens to the sympatric rodent populations and in this way establish a rodent reservoir of infection.¹³

Rodents as Disease Vectors

Humans often provide rodents with an abundance of supportive resources and favorable microclimatic conditions that allow them to grow in population size, especially in areas where humans have greatly reduced the number of their natural predators.^14,15 In Europe, brown rats and house mice are among the most recognized urban rodents. These 2 species have quite different behavioral characteristics; while the house mouse is a highly inquisitive species, rats are cautious and prefer the familiarity of a known environment.¹⁴ Rats also show a more dominant nature, suppressing and occasionally preying on house mice.

Urban rodent metapopulations usually consist of many small groups that may have little contact with each other except in cases of disturbance.^14,16 However, disturbance in the form of road work or building activities is a common event in cities, and it is likely that these human activities enhance the transmission of pathogens between rodent groups. These activities could also increase the opportunities for contact among rodents, humans, and pets. In undisturbed rodent groups, young males typically leave their native groups to disperse into new areas.¹⁶ Hence, young males can be expected to be responsible for spreading pathogens between rodent groups. Local overpopulation of rats in cities is most common in areas of failing hygiene, as, for example, near train and bus stations with abundant remains of food and other materials.¹⁷ Additionally, unrestricted food supplies in gardens with compost heaps are thought to function as valuable shelters for rats. Just as train and bus stations might be a preferred target for a bioterrorism attack because of the potential for the maximum effect on public health, such areas would also be a prime place for the introduction of pathogens into rodent reservoirs.

The structure of rodent communities in rural areas is similar to that in urban ones, but the size of individual territories may be more flexible and may vary with the season and food availability. Furthermore, the structure of rodent communities depends on the local land use and differs, for example, from the areas that are used for livestock farming and cultivation of crops. The mobility of rats depends of the reliability of their food sources. For instance, brown rats can be immobile during food abundance but may roam more than 6 kilometers in other circumstances.^18,19 According to Taylor,¹⁸ rats that lived near reliable food sources in agricultural areas rarely moved more than 30 m from their home sites, but when the food was removed, they expanded their range considerably. Ironically, that means that rodent-proofing a farm after a bioterrorism event would ensure transmission between neighboring farms and probably even to wildlife species. In this case, if the goal is to prevent disease dispersal, it would be wiser to use trapping or rodenticides locally and follow recommendations from an ecological rodent management approach²⁰ rather than rodent-proofing a farm and withdrawing all food sources.

Ecological Context of Disease Dispersal

The lack of predators and low biodiversity are often ignored ecological parameters that greatly facilitate infectious disease dispersal. Modern cities have a low level of biodiversity, and natural competition and predation mechanisms are altered, allowing abnormal and unbridled growth of certain species. Generally, when a pristine ecosystem is disturbed, specialist species with specific food, nesting, or breeding requirements cannot survive. In the absence of such specialist competitors, opportunistic species with high fecundity will thrive.²¹ As mentioned above, several opportunistic species also possess characteristics such as high mobility and high population densities that make them ideal hosts and transmitters of zoonotic pathogens.²¹

In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that the loss of biodiversity tends to increase pathogen transmission and disease incidence.^9,22 Consequently, the term “dilution effect” has been admixed into public health forums. The “dilution effect” hypothesis suggests that high biodiversity reduces the risk of transmission of certain diseases.²³ “Dilution effect” functions only when the pathogen is transmitted horizontally and when the reservoir competence for a certain pathogen varies among potential host species. Increased biodiversity would then increase the likelihood that infected organisms meet more individuals from a non–host species that would limit pathogen transmission. Indeed, epidemiologic and experimental studies have shown that lower diversity of small mammals increases the prevalence of hantaviruses in their hosts, leading to increased transmission risk to humans.²² Consequently, as a deliberate release of pathogens can be expected to take place in areas of low biodiversity, this condition will considerably facilitate pathogen dispersal. However, in areas where municipalities are regularly performing rodent control, the dynamics of rodent populations and diseases may greatly differ from more degraded urban areas. Additionally, the increasing populations of urban foxes in many European cities may lower the rodent populations but, unfortunately, also add to the dispersal of parasites with complex life cycles, such as Echinococcus multilocularis and other helminths.^24-26

The “One Health” Approach

Understanding disease management as a multifactorial issue is critical for preventing disease expansion including in the context of bioterrorism. Behavior and physiology of reservoir organisms (ie, organisms that can amplify a pathogen but are not necessarily a direct link to transmission, often rodents), including humans, wildlife, and domestic animals, and of the disease vectors (ie, organisms that actually transmit the disease, often arthropods but also rodents in some cases) are important factors contributing to infectious disease expansion. Dealing with an outbreak is therefore a task beyond medical and public health specialists alone. It demands the additional understanding of veterinary and environmental factors and knowledge of issues regarding human social behavior and political changes, basic science-related information about pathogen life cycles and evolution, and aspects related to vector/reservoir life history.

Thu, 28 May 2020 16:11:22 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Covid-19-Review.

https://covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/407-pm-5282020-this-is-fantasy-lack-of.html

Infection cycle: Pigs eat Rats in feeds, Rats eat infected pork and other infected Rats, Man (especially the Chinese) eats both pigs and rats and feeds them to each other
https://images.app.goo.gl/Qr3tsTKSofoRv6Uf9 …

This is #Pigs and #Rats #eat Pigs and Rats #world
https://images.app.goo.gl/Mp1yyTBxsBrtuv2y8 …

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Mike Nova's Shared NewsLinks Review In 250 Brief Posts
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» mikenov on Twitter: Deliberate release of pathogens can have a huge impact on society. At the same time, access to a range of pathogens can be relatively easy. Therefore, bioterrorism remains an important area of infectious disease preparedness. liebertpu
28/05/20 14:27 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Deliberate release of pathogens can have a huge impact on society. At the same time, access to a range of pathogens can be relatively easy. Therefore, bioterrorism remains an important area of infectious disease preparedness. liebertpub....

» mikenov on Twitter: The majority of pathogens that are listed as potential agents of bioterrorism by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases exploit rodents as vectors or reservoirs. li
28/05/20 14:26 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The majority of pathogens that are listed as potential agents of bioterrorism by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases exploit rodents as vectors or reservoirs. liebe...

» mikenov on Twitter: Rodents as Potential Couriers for Bioterrorism Agents | Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.10…
28/05/20 14:25 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Rodents as Potential Couriers for Bioterrorism Agents | Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.10… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, May 28th, 2020 6:25pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: But the truth is biological warfare – or germ warfare — has been part of war for millennia.Coronavirus: A Flashback to Biological Warfare of a Bygone Era | Inter Press Service ipsnews.net/2020/02/corona…
28/05/20 14:19 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
But the truth is biological warfare – or germ warfare — has been part of war for millennia. Coronavirus: A Flashback to Biological Warfare of a Bygone Era | Inter Press Service ipsnews.net/2020/02/corona… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, M...

» mikenov on Twitter: pigs are asymptomatic carriers of Hantavirus - Google Search google.com/search?q=pigs+…
28/05/20 13:46 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
pigs are asymptomatic carriers of Hantavirus - Google Search google.com/search?q=pigs+… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, May 28th, 2020 5:46pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: This is #Pigs and #Rats #eat Pigs and Rats #world images.app.goo.gl/PcnPVxG8u7PJCC…
28/05/20 13:39 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
This is #Pigs and #Rats #eat Pigs and Rats #world images.app.goo.gl/PcnPVxG8u7PJCC… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, May 28th, 2020 5:39pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: This is #Pigs and #Rats #eat Pigs and Rats #world images.app.goo.gl/XhEjVLuzmEfUh8…
28/05/20 13:38 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
This is #Pigs and #Rats #eat Pigs and Rats #world images.app.goo.gl/XhEjVLuzmEfUh8… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, May 28th, 2020 5:38pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: This is #Pigs and #Rats #eat Pigs and Rats #world images.app.goo.gl/7EjXWEN2yai5VV…
28/05/20 13:37 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
This is #Pigs and #Rats #eat Pigs and Rats #world images.app.goo.gl/7EjXWEN2yai5VV… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, May 28th, 2020 5:37pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: This is #Pigs and #Rats #eat Pigs and Rats #world images.app.goo.gl/Mp1yyTBxsBrtuv…
28/05/20 13:37 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
This is #Pigs and #Rats #eat Pigs and Rats #world images.app.goo.gl/Mp1yyTBxsBrtuv… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, May 28th, 2020 5:37pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Infection cycle: Pigs eat Rats in feeds, Rats eat infected pork and other infected Rats, Man (especially the Chinese) eats both pigs and rats and feeds them to each other images.app.goo.gl/tNtcPsyZbkhQRh…
28/05/20 13:35 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Infection cycle: Pigs eat Rats in feeds, Rats eat infected pork and other infected Rats, Man (especially the Chinese) eats both pigs and rats and feeds them to each other images.app.goo.gl/tNtcPsyZbkhQRh… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, M...

» mikenov on Twitter: Infection cycle: Pigs eat Rats in feeds, Rats eat infected pork and other infected Rats, Man (especially the Chinese)

Coronavirus New York: CDC warns of aggressive rats - ABC7 New York

Thu, 28 May 2020 15:47:44 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story from [Untitled].

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"Starving, angry and cannibalistic: America's rats are getting desperate amid coronavirus pandemic" - https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national... I think, the real #reason is that these #rats are #crazy and psychotic, because they are #sick: intentionall

Thu, 28 May 2020 13:16:03 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Covid-19-Review.

https://covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/starving-angry-and-cannibalistic.html
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Starving, angry and cannibalistic: America's rats are getting desperate amid coronavirus pandemic

Michael Novakhov@mikenov

I think, the real #reason is that these #rats are #crazy and psychotic, because they are #sick: intentionally infected with #Hantavirus and #Coronavirus. They have to be tested and indeed eradicated: they might be the real vector of the Disease X - M.N. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/starving-angry-cannibalistic-america-s-rats-are-getting-desperate-amid-n1180611 …

Starving, angry and cannibalistic: America's rats are getting desperate amid coronavirus pandemic

"A new 'army' of rats come in, and whichever army has the strongest rats is going to conquer that area," said Bobby Corrigan, an urban rodentologist.
nbcnews.com

Michael Novakhov@mikenov

"A new 'army' of rats come in, and whichever army has the strongest rats is going to conquer that area," said Bobby Corrigan, an urban rodentologist.
Starving, angry and cannibalistic: America's rats are getting desperate amid coronavirus pandemic https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/starving-angry-cannibalistic-america-s-rats-are-getting-desperate-amid-n1180611 …

Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Covid-19-Review.

Covid-19 and infected pork: Maybe, the answer is the INFECTED PORK: Hantavirus? Coronavirus? Co-infection? Other? Are the infected rats and pigs the silent asymptomatic carriers and the super-spreaders of Covid-19?
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https://covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/1014-am-5282020-covid-19-and-infected.html
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M.N.: Maybe, the answer is the INFECTED PORK: Hantavirus? Coronavirus? Co-infection? Other?https://ctajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13601-020-00323-0 …

Covid-19 and infected pork - Google Search https://www.google.com/search?q=Covid-19+and+infected+pork&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS733US733&oq=Covid-19+and+infected+pork&aqs=chrome..69i57.21141j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 …

Are the infected rats and pigs the silent asymptomatic carriers and the super-spreaders of Covid-19? - Google Search https://www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS733US733&sxsrf=ALeKk01lBibFV_dBk038Bc2FfpLM0MZ7Bw%3A1590673060617&ei=pL7PXouLJYPL_QaM8KnACQ&q=Are+the+infected+rats+and+pigs+the+silent+asymptomatic+carriers+and+the+super-spreaders+of+Covid-19%3F&oq=Are+the+infected+rats+and+pigs+the+silent+asymptomatic+carriers+and+the+super-spreaders+of+Covid-19%3F&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQDDoECAAQR1C4vQJY1e8CYM2AA2gAcAF4AIABZYgBowGSAQMxLjGYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6&sclient=psy-ab&ved=0ahUKEwiL7ez11tbpAhWDZd8KHQx4CpgQ4dUDCAw …

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Michael Novakhov@mikenov

Apr 17, 2020 - Infections spread like wildfire through a pork factory in South Dakota. ... "Food is an essential part of all our lives, and our more than 40,000 US team ... part of our nation's response to Covid-19," https://www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS733US733&sxsrf=ALeKk01KxnHQmPaDZ7Wdf4AxEz1kJI9Uhw%3A1590672884460&ei=9L3PXoPeG6SJytMPxZ6j2Aw&q=Covid-19%2C+dietary+habits%2C+and+infected+pork%3A+Are+the+infected+rats+and+pigs+the+silent+asymptomatic+carriers+and+the+super-spreaders+of+Covid-19%3F&oq=Covid-19%2C+dietary+habits%2C+and+infected+pork%3A+Are+the+infected+rats+and+pigs+the+silent+asymptomatic+carriers+and+the+super-spreaders+of+Covid-19%3F&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQDDIFCCEQoAEyBQghEKsCUJyYF1jgphlgjLoZaABwAHgAgAGdAYgB5wuSAQQxOC4ymAEBoAEBoAECqgEHZ3dzLXdpeg&sclient=psy-ab&ved=0ahUKEwiDqO2h1tbpAhWkhHIEHUXPCMsQ4dUDCAw …

Michael Novakhov@mikenov

Some cases of the novel coronavirus are asymptomatic, presymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. ... What We Know About The Silent Spreaders Of COVID-19 ... Is it possible to be infected with the coronavirus and show no symptoms? https://www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS733US733&sxsrf=ALeKk01lBibFV_dBk038Bc2FfpLM0MZ7Bw%3A1590673060617&ei=pL7PXouLJYPL_QaM8KnACQ&q=Are+the+infected+rats+and+pigs+the+silent+asymptomatic+carriers+and+the+super-spreaders+of+Covid-19%3F&oq=Are+the+infected+rats+and+pigs+the+silent+asymptomatic+carriers+and+the+super-spreaders+of+Covid-19%3F&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQDDoECAAQR1C4vQJY1e8CYM2AA2gAcAF4AIABZYgBowGSAQMxLjGYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6&sclient=psy-ab&ved=0ahUKEwiL7ez11tbpAhWDZd8KHQx4CpgQ4dUDCAw …

Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries? | Clinical and Translational Allergy

Thu, 28 May 2020 09:32:04 -0400

Michael_Novakhov shared this story .

ARIA group: Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff, Baharudin Abdullah, Werner Aberer, Nancy Abusada, Ian Adcock, Alejandro Afani, Ioana Agache, Xenofon Aggelidis, Jenifer Agustin, Cezmi Akdis, Mübeccel Akdis, Mona Al-Ahmad, Abou Al-Zahab Bassam, Oscar Aldrey-Palacios, Emilio Alvarez Cuesta, Ashraf Alzaabi, Salma Amad, Gene Ambrocio, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Ignacio Ansotegui, Josep Anto, Hasan Arshad, Maria Cristina Artesani, Estrella Asayag, Francesca Avolio, Khuzama Azhari, Ilaria Baiardini, Nissera Bajrović, Petros Bakakos, Sergio Bakeyala Mongono, Christine Balotro-Torres, Sergio Barba, Cristina Barbara, Elsa Barbosa, Bruno Barreto, Joan Bartra, Eric D. Bateman, Lkhagvaa Battur, Anna Bedbrook, Martín Bedolla Barajas, Bianca Beghé, Elizabeth Bel, Ali Ben Kheder, Mikael Benson, Camelia Berghea, Karl-Christian Bergmann, David Bernstein, Mike Bewick, Slawomir Bialek, Artur Białoszewski, Thomas Bieber, Nils Billo, Maria Beatrice Bilo, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Leif Bjermer, Hubert Blain, Malgorzata Bochenska Marciniak, Christine Bond, Attilio Boner, Matteo Bonini, Sergio Bonini, Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich, Isabelle Bosse, Sofia Botskariova, Jacques Bouchard, Louis-Philippe Boulet, Rodolphe Bourret, Philippe Bousquet, Fulvio Braido, Andrew Briggs, Christopher Brightling, Jan Brozek, Roland Buhl, Roxana Bumbacea, María Teresa Burguete Cabañas, Andrew Bush, William W. Busse, Jeroen Buters, Fernan Caballero-Fonseca, Moïses A. Calderon, Mario Calvo, Paulo Camargos, Thierry Camuzat, Antonio Cano, G. Walter Canonica, Arnaldo Capriles-Hulett, Luis Caraballo, Vicky Cardona, Kai-Hakon Carlsen, Jorge Caro, Warner Carr, Fredelita Carreon-Asuncion, Ana Maria Carriazo, Thomas Casale, Mary Ann Castor, Elizabeth Castro, Lorenzo Cecchi, Alfonso Cepeda Sarabia, Ramanathan Chandrasekharan, Yoon-Suk Chang, Victoria Chato-Andeza, Lida Chatzi, Christina Chatzidaki, Niels H. Chavannes, Yuzhi Chen, Lei Cheng, Tomas Chivato, Ekaterine Chkhartishvili, George Christoff, Henry Chrystyn, Derek K. Chu, Antonio Chua, Alexander Chuchalin, Kian Fan Chung, Alberto Cicerán, Cemal Cingi, Giorgio Ciprandi, Ieva Cirule, Ana Carla Coelho, Jannis Constantinidis, Jaime Correia de Sousa, Elisio Costa, David Costa, María del Carmen Costa Domínguez, André Coste, Linda Cox, Alvaro A. Cruz, John Cullen, Adnan Custovic, Biljana Cvetkovski, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Gennaro D’Amato, Jane da Silva, Ronald Dahl, Sven-Erik Dahlen, Vasilis Daniilidis, Louei Darjazini Nahhas, Ulf Darsow, Frédéric de Blay, Eloisa De Guia, Chato de los Santos, Esteban De Manuel Keenoy, Govert De Vries, Diana Deleanu, Pascal Demoly, Judah Denburg, Philippe Devillier, Alain Didier, Maria Dimou, Anh Tuan Dinh-Xuan, Ratko Djukanovic, Dejan Dokic, Margarita Gabriela Domínguez Silva, Habib Douagui, Nikolaos Douladiris, Maria Doulaptsi, Gérard Dray, Ruta Dubakiene, Stephen Durham, Mark Dykewicz, Didier Ebo, Natalija Edelbaher, Patrik Eklund, Yehia El-Gamal, Zeinab A. El-Sayed, Shereen S. El-Sayed, Magda El-Seify, Regina Emuzyte, Lourdes Enecilla, Heidilita Espinoza, Jesús Guillermo Espinoza Contreras, John Farrell, Lenora Fernandez, Antje Fink Wagner, Alessandro Fiocchi, Wytske J. Fokkens, Jean-François Fontaine, Francesco Forastiere, Jose Miguel Fuentes Pèrez, Emily Gaerlan–Resureccion, Mina Gaga, José Luis Gálvez Romero, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Alexis Garcia, Cecilia Yvonne García Cobas, María de la Luz Hortensia García Cruz, Jacques Gayraud, Bilun Gemicioglu, Sonya Genova, José Gereda, Roy Gerth van Wijk, Maximiliano Gomez, Sandra González Diaz, Maia Gotua, Christos Grigoreas, Ineta Grisle, Marta Guidacci, Nick Guldemond, Zdenek Gutter, Antonieta Guzmán, Tari Haahtela, Ramsa Halloum, Eckard Hamelmann, Suleiman Hammadi, Richard Harvey, Joachim Heinrich, Adnan Hejjaoui, Birthe Hellquist-Dahl, Luiana Hernández Velázquez, Mark Hew, Elham Hossny, Peter Howarth, Martin Hrubiško, Yunuen Rocío Huerta Villalobos, Marc Humbert, Michael Hyland, Guido Iaccarino, Moustafa Ibrahim, Maddalena Illario, Natalia Ilyina, Carla Irani, Zhanat Ispayeva, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Edgardo Jares, Deborah Jarvis, Ewa Jassem, Klemen Jenko, Rubén Darío Jiméneracruz Uscanga, Sebastian Johnston, Guy Joos, Maja Jošt, Kaja Julge, Ki-Suck Jung, Jocelyne Just, Marek Jutel, Igor Kaidashev, Omer Kalayci, Fuat Kalyoncu, Jeni Kapsali, Przemyslaw Kardas, Jussi Karjalainen, Carmela A. Kasala, Michael Katotomichelakis, Bennoor Kazi, Thomas Keil, Paul Keith, Musa Khaitov, Nikolai Khaltaev, You-Young Kim, Jorg Kleine-Tebbe, Ludger Klimek, Bernard Koffi N’Goran, Evangelia Kompoti, Peter Kopač, Gerard Koppelman, Anja Koren Jeverica, Mitja Košnik, Kosta V. Kostov, Marek L. Kowalski, Tanya Kralimarkova, Karmen Kramer Vrščaj, Helga Kraxner, Samo Kreft, Vicky Kritikos, Dmitry Kudlay, Inger Kull, Piotr Kuna, Maciej Kupczyk, Violeta Kvedariene, Marialena Kyriakakou, Nika Lalek, Stephen Lane, Désiree Larenas-Linnemann, Amir Latiff, Susanne Lau, Daniel Laune, Jorge Lavrut, Lan Le, Marcus Lessa, Michael Levin, Jing Li, Philip Lieberman, Giuseppe Liotta, Brian Lipworth, Xuandao Liu, Rommel Lobo, Karin C. Lodrup Carlsen, Carlo Lombardi, Renaud Louis, Stelios Loukidis, Olga Lourenço, Jorge A. Luna Pech, Bojan Madjar, Antoine Magnan, Bassam Mahboub, Alpana Mair, Yassin Mais, Anke-Hilse Maitland van der Zee, Mika Makela, Michael Makris, Hans-Jorgen Malling, Mariana Mandajieva, Patrick Manning, Manolis Manousakis, Pavlos Maragoudakis, Gailen Marshall, Pedro Martins, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Jorge F. Máspero, Juan José Matta Campos, Marcus Maurer, Sandra Mavale-Manuel, Cem Meço, Erik Melén, Elisabete Melo-Gomes, Eli O. Meltzer, Enrica Menditto, Andrew Menzies-Gow, Hans Merk, Jean-Pierre Michel, Neven Miculinic, Luís Midão, Florin Mihaltan, Kuitunen Mikael, Nikolaos Mikos, Branislava Milenkovic, Dimitrios Mitsias, Bassem Moalla, Giuliana Moda, María Dolores Mogica Martínez, Yousser Mohammad, Mostafa Moin, Mathieu Molimard, Isabelle Momas, Alessandro Monaco, Steve Montefort, Dory Mora, Mario Morais-Almeida, Ralph Mösges, Badr Eldin Mostafa, Joaquim Mullol, Lars Münter, Antonella Muraro, Ruth Murray, Tihomir Mustakov, Robert Naclerio, Rachel Nadif, Alla Nakonechna, Leyla Namazova-Baranova, Gretchen Navarro-Locsin, Hugo Neffen, Kristof Nekam, Angelos Neou, Laurent Nicod, Verena Niederberger-Leppin, Marek Niedoszytko, Antonio Nieto, Ettore Novellino, Elizabete Nunes, Dieudonné Nyembue, Robyn O’Hehir, Cvetanka Odjakova, Ken Ohta, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Kimi Okubo, Brian Oliver, Gabrielle L. Onorato, Maria Pia Orru, Solange Ouédraogo, Kampadilemba Ouoba, Pier Luigi Paggiaro, Aris Pagkalos, S. P. Palaniappan, Isabella Pali-Schöll, Susanna Palkonen, Stephen Palmer, Carmen Panaitescu Bunu, Petr Panzner, Nikos G. Papadopoulos, Vasilis Papanikolaou, Alberto Papi, Bojidar Paralchev, Giannis Paraskevopoulos, Hae Sim Park, Giovanni Passalacqua, Vincenzo Patella, Ian Pavord, Ruby Pawankar, Soren Pedersen, Susete Peleve, Ana Pereira, Tamara Pérez, Oliver Pfaar, Nhân Pham-Thi, Bernard Pigearias, Isabelle Pin, Konstantina Piskou, Constantinos Pitsios, Kostas Pitsios, Davor Plavec, Dagmar Poethig, Wolfgang Pohl, Antonija Poplas Susic, Todor A. Popov, Fabienne Portejoie, Paul Potter, Lars Poulsen, Alexandra Prados-Torres, Fotis Prarros, David Price, Emmanuel Prokopakis, Robert Puy, Klaus Rabe, Filip Raciborski, Josephine Ramos, Marysia T. Recto, Shereen M. Reda, Frederico Regateiro, Norbert Reider, Sietze Reitsma, Susana Repka-Ramirez, Janet Rimmer, Daniela Rivero Yeverino, José Angelo Rizzo, Carlos Robalo-Cordeiro, Graham Roberts, Nicolas Roche, Mónica Rodríguez González, Eréndira Rodríguez Zagal, Christine Rolland, Regina Roller-Wirnsberger, Miguel Roman Rodriguez, Antonino Romano, Philippe Rombaux, Joel Romualdez, Jose Rosado-Pinto, Nelson Rosario, Lanny Rosenwasser, Menachem Rottem, Philip Rouadi, Nikoleta Rovina, Irma Rozman Sinur, Mauricio Ruiz, Lucy Tania Ruiz Segura, Dermot Ryan, Hironori Sagara, Daiki Sakai, Daiju Sakurai, Wafaa Saleh, Johanna Salimaki, Husain Salina, Konstantinos Samitas, Boleslaw Samolinski, María Guadalupe Sánchez Coronel, Mario Sanchez-Borges, Jaime Sanchez-Lopez, Codrut Sarafoleanu, Faradiba Sarquis Serpa, Joaquin Sastre-Dominguez, Glenis Scadding, Sophie Scheire, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, Juan Francisco Schuhl, Holger Schunemann, Maria Schvalbová, Nicola Scichilone, Cecilia Sepúlveda, Elie Serrano, Aziz Sheikh, Mike Shields, Vasil Shishkov, Nikos Siafakas, Alexander Simeonov, Estelle F. Simons, Juan Carlos Sisul, Brigita Sitkauskiene, Ingelbjorg Skrindo, Tanja Soklič Košak, Dirceu Solé, Talant Sooronbaev, Manuel Soto-Martinez, Milan Sova, François Spertini, Otto Spranger, Sofia Stamataki, Lina Stefanaki, Cristiana Stellato, Rafael Stelmach, Peter Sterk, Timo Strandberg, Petra Stute, Abirami Subramaniam, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik, Michael Sutherland, Silvia Sylvestre, Aikaterini Syrigou, Luis Taborda Barata, Nadejda Takovska, Rachel Tan, Frances Tan, Vincent Tan, Ing Ping Tang, Masami Taniguchi, Line Tannert, Jessica Tattersall, Maria do Ceu Teixeira, Carel Thijs, Mike Thomas, Teresa To, Ana Maria Todo-Bom, Alkis Togias, Peter-Valentin Tomazic, Sanna Toppila-Salmi, Elina Toskala, Massimo Triggiani, Nadja Triller, Katja Triller, Ioanna Tsiligianni, Ruxandra Ulmeanu, Jure Urbancic, Marilyn Urrutia Pereira, Martina Vachova, Felipe Valdés, Rudolf Valenta, Marylin Valentin Rostan, Antonio Valero, Arunas Valiulis, Mina Vallianatou, Erkka Valovirta, Michiel Van Eerd, Eric Van Ganse, Marianne van Hage, Olivier Vandenplas, Tuula Vasankari, Dafina Vassileva, Maria Teresa Ventura, Cécilia Vera-Munoz, Dilyana Vicheva, Pakit Vichyanond, Petra Vidgren, Giovanni Viegi, Claus Vogelmeier, Leena Von Hertzen, Theodoros Vontetsianos, Dimitris Vourdas, Martin Wagenmann, Samantha Walker, Dana Wallace, De Yun Wang, Susan Waserman, Magnus Wickman, Sian Williams, Dennis Williams, Nicola Wilson, Kent Woo, John Wright, Piotr Wroczynski, Paraskevi Xepapadaki, Plamen Yakovliev, Masao Yamaguchi, Kwok Yan, Yoke Yeow Yap, Barbara Yawn, Panayiotis Yiallouros, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Shigemi Yoshihara, Ian Young, Osman B. Yusuf, Asghar Zaidi, Fares Zaitoun, Heather Zar, Mario Zernotti, Luo Zhang, Nanshan Zhong, Mihaela Zidarn, Torsten Zuberbier, Celia Zubrinich.

PARTLY FALSE: COVID-19 is thrombosis, not pneumonia

Thu, 28 May 2020 08:18:18 -0400
Claim: COVID-19, the disease caused by the coronavirus, is not pneumonia but a form of thrombosis or blood clotting in the blood vessels. "Autopsies ...

Make It British call amid cheap pork import fears

Thu, 28 May 2020 08:14:35 -0400
According to NPA data the UK standard pig price (SPP) has remained steady throughout the Covid-19 crisis as the sector has been less affected by ...

COVID-19: Silent Spreaders Of The Disease Are Everywhere – Iwu

Wed, 27 May 2020 20:42:05 -0400
Iwu made this know while speaking with journalists yesterday in Owerri, the Imo State Capital. He said this individuals who he named ” silent spreaders” ...

No question - the U.S. should back India. It is not disputed territory. All of traditional Jammu and Kashmir is Indian, areas occcupied or ceded by Pakistan, Ladakh, Aksai Chin. It is all Indian, illegally occupied under international law. https://bit.ly/

Wed, 27 May 2020 20:41:20 -0400

No question - the U.S. should back India. It is not disputed territory. All of traditional Jammu and Kashmir is Indian, areas occcupied or ceded by Pakistan, Ladakh, Aksai Chin. It is all Indian, illegally occupied under international law. https://bit.ly/3eoj8Ck

Recent Posts Review

mikenov on Twitter: Coronavirus | Coronavirus: is the hantavirus a new threat to the world? - AS.com en.as.com/en/2020/03/25/…

8:28 PM 5/29/2020 - In light of the new possibilities of Gene Editing, the knowledge of transmission modes & features of the Infections should not be treated as the unquestionable and codified, but as presumptive, easily changeable, & geared to us

mikenov on Twitter: 8:28 PM 5/29/2020 - In light of the new possibilities of Gene Editing, the knowledge of transmission modes & features of the Infections should not be treated as the unquestionable but geared to use of pathogens as bioweapons. cov

mikenov on Twitter: #Covid19Review: 8:28 PM 5/29/2020 - In light of the new possibilit... covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/828-pm…

mikenov on Twitter: To put it briefly, the so called "Covid-19" or more correctly Disease X 2019 appears to be the weaponized Hantavirus Infection, possibly the Seoul or Andes types or others. - Michael Novakhov covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/742-pm

mikenov on Twitter: the so called "Covid-19" and the Hantavirus Infection (Seoul Virus in the cited research but most likely other types also) is the one and the same pathological condition. covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/742-pm…

mikenov on Twitter: conspicuous hemophagocytosis and a secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like syndrome". Considering that the clinical picture is practically or mostly the same, the hypothesis can be established. covid-19-review.blogspot.com/20

mikenov on Twitter: Covid-19-Review: 7:42 PM 5/29/2020 - M.N.: The underlying pathophysiological mechanism in Hantavirus Infection and in "Covid-19" as reported by the Mt. Sinai pathologists, appears to be the same covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/742

mikenov on Twitter: #Covid19Review: 7:42 PM 5/29/2020 - M.N.: The underlying pathophys... covid-19-review.blogspot.com/2020/05/742-pm…

7:42 PM 5/29/2020 - M.N.: The underlying pathophysiological mechanism in Hantavirus Infection and in "Covid-19" as reported by the Mt. Sinai pathologists, appears to be the same: "conspicuous hemophagocytosis and a secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocyt

mikenov on Twitter: RT @TheEconomist: As others become more aware, bansaka offers less protection than it used to econ.trib.al/uiAiMiO

mikenov on Twitter: #FBI (with the lucky exception of the upper echelons) is so incredibly, unbelievably #STUPID that I have to repeat the same thing about 10-20 times to get it sink into them. Hantavirus case which originated from the CAR VENTILATION SY

mikenov on Twitter: The most interesting & puzzling was the report about the Hantavirus case which originated from the CAR VENTILATION SYSTEM in 2017. This indicates the possible spreading mechanism and the possible involvement of #Webasto Co, of the

mikenov on Twitter: M.N.: I absolutely disagree. The first signs were in 2017-2018, when the strange and alarming reports about the sporadic cases of Hantavirus appeared. Rats & pigs were sick. Coronavirus ignited in US no earlier than mid-January,

mikenov on Twitter: Public health researchers said that anyone in the U.S. who thought maybe they had COVID-19 in December or early January probably had the flu. When did coronavirus arrive in US? Study points to 3-week window | wgrz.com wgrz.com/article

mikenov on Twitter: rats behaviors during epidemics - Google Search google.com/search?q=rats+…

mikenov on Twitter: When you notice your rat doing something abnormal, consider whether it could be a sign of illness or pain... health problems include a hunched posture, staring, stumbling, head tilt, failure to groom, sneezing, and wheezing. google.c

Bourbon Street March 18, 2020 Rat Activity during Corona Virus closure - YouTube

mikenov on Twitter: Bourbon Street March 18, 2020 Rat Activity during Corona Virus closure youtu.be/wvfGs3-Y2Ek via @YouTube

mikenov on Twitter: In light of the new possibilities of Gene Editing, the knowledge of transmission modes & features of the Infections should not be treated as the unquestionable and codified, but as presumptive, easily changeable, & geared to us

Multi-state Outbreak of Seoul Virus | Hantavirus | DHCPP | CDC

VERIFY: Is rat meat being sold in the U.S. disguised as boneless chicken? - YouTube

South Korea warns against eating river rats

seoul virus 2019 - Google Search

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FAQs: Seoul virus | Hantavirus | DHCPP | CDC

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SEOUL VIRUS | IDPH

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Domestically Acquired Seoul Virus Causing Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis—Washington, DC, 2018 | Open Forum Infectious Diseases

Abstract

CASE REPORT

Hospital Course

Discussion

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References

Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks: Analysis of COVID-19 autopsies reveals many new details about this disease. | While many hypotheses already exist, a well-accepted consensus on the cause of the clotting disorders remains elusive to date.

Spotting the Clotting: Hypercoagulopathy in COVID-19

Analysis of COVID-19 autopsies reveals many new details about this disease

Scapegoats: Virologists face death threats during coronavirus crisis | Germany| News and in-depth reporting from Berlin and beyond | DW

Understanding conspiracy theories

Is COVID-19 Disease X that WHO warned of in 2018?

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Spotting the Clotting: Hypercoagulopathy in COVID-19

Abstract

Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2: targeting of endothelial cells renders a complex disease with thrombotic microangiopathy and aberrant immune response. The Mount Sinai COVID-19 autopsy experience | medRxiv

Abstract

Andes Hantavirus as potential bioweapon - Google Search

Search Results

Rodents as Potential Couriers for Bioterrorism Agents

Biological Weapons

Bioterrorism and Wildlife

Rodents and Infectious Diseases

Rodents as a Dispersal Mechanism

Rodents as Disease Vectors

Ecological Context of Disease Dispersal

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Coronavirus New York: CDC warns of aggressive rats - ABC7 New York

"Starving, angry and cannibalistic: America's rats are getting desperate amid coronavirus pandemic" - https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national... I think, the real #reason is that these #rats are #crazy and psychotic, because they are #sick: intentionall

Starving, angry and cannibalistic: America's rats are getting desperate amid coronavirus pandemic

Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries? | Clinical and Translational Allergy

PARTLY FALSE: COVID-19 is thrombosis, not pneumonia

Make It British call amid cheap pork import fears

COVID-19: Silent Spreaders Of The Disease Are Everywhere – Iwu

No question - the U.S. should back India. It is not disputed territory. All of traditional Jammu and Kashmir is Indian, areas occcupied or ceded by Pakistan, Ladakh, Aksai Chin. It is all Indian, illegally occupied under international law. https://bit.ly/