cannabis: articles scientifiques

Classification of patterns of tobacco and cannabis co-use based on temporal proximity: A qualitative study among young adults.

Wed, 01 May 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Addictive Behaviors; 05/01/2024
(AN 175600722); ISSN: 03064603
CINAHL Complete

Development and preliminary validation of the positive consequences of cannabis (PCOC) scale.

Wed, 01 May 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Addictive Behaviors; 05/01/2024
(AN 175600726); ISSN: 03064603
CINAHL Complete

Distal and proximal risk factors of problematic cannabis use associated with psychotic-like experiences.

Wed, 01 May 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Addictive Behaviors; 05/01/2024
(AN 175600727); ISSN: 03064603
CINAHL Complete

Life-course Accumulated Cannabis Use and Recent Cannabis-related Problems in the Washington Panel Survey.

Wed, 01 May 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Addictive Behaviors; 05/01/2024
(AN 175600716); ISSN: 03064603
CINAHL Complete

Cannabis-involvement in emergency department visits for self-harm following medical and non-medical cannabis legalization.

Mon, 15 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Journal of Affective Disorders; 04/15/2024
(AN 175602917); ISSN: 01650327
CINAHL Complete

Characteristics of Older Adult Cannabis Users.

Tue, 02 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry; 04/02/2024
(AN 175499324); ISSN: 10647481
CINAHL Complete

Enhanced cannabis timeline followback (EC‐TLFB): Comprehensive assessment of cannabis use including standard THC units and validation through biological measures.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Addiction; 04/01/2024
Aims: The aims of this study were to present an enhanced cannabis timeline followback (EC‐TLFB) enabling comprehensive assessment of cannabis use measures, including standard tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) units, and to validate these against objectively indexed urinary 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC‐COOH) concentrations. Design: We used cross‐sectional baseline data from the 'CannTeen' observational longitudinal study. Setting: The study was conducted in London, UK. Participants: A total of 147 participants who used cannabis regularly took part in the study (n = 71 female, n = 76 male; mean age = 21.90, standard deviation = 5.32). Measurements The EC‐TLFB was used to calculate frequency of cannabis use, method of administration, including co‐administration with tobacco, amount of cannabis used (measured with unaided self‐report and also using pictorial aided self‐report) and type of cannabis product (flower, hash) which was used to estimate THC concentration (both from published data on THC concentration of products and analysis of cannabis samples donated by participants in this study). We calculated total weekly standard THC units (i.e. 5 mg THC for all cannabis products and methods of administration) using the EC‐TLFB. The outcome variable for validation of past week EC‐TLFB assessments was creatinine‐normalized carboxy‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC‐COOH) in urine. Findings All measures of cannabis exposure included in this analysis were positively correlated with levels of THC‐COOH in urine (r = 0.41–0.52). Standard THC units, calculated with average concentrations of THC in cannabis in the UK and unaided self‐report measures of amount of cannabis used in grams showed the strongest correlation with THC‐COOH in urine (r = 0.52, 95% bias‐corrected and accelerated = 0.26–0.70). Conclusions: The enhanced cannabis timeline followback (EC‐TLFB) can provide a valid assessment of a comprehensive set of cannabis use measures including standard tetrahydrocannabinol units as well as and traditional TLFB assessments (e.g. frequency of use and grams of cannabis use).
(AN 175800760); ISSN: 09652140
CINAHL Complete

Commentary on Petrilli et al.: Assessing cannabis use in real‐world settings ‐ advances using standard THC units.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Addiction; 04/01/2024
(AN 175800770); ISSN: 09652140
CINAHL Complete

Contexts of social alcohol and cannabis use among sexual minority cisgender women and gender diverse individuals: Event-level differences in alcohol and cannabis use patterns based on the sexual orientations and gender identities of substance use companio

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Addictive Behaviors; 04/01/2024
(AN 175111669); ISSN: 03064603
CINAHL Complete

Corrigendum to "Predictors of morning cannabis use among young adults: Between- and within-person associations from 24 consecutive months of data" [Addict. Behav. 124 (2024) 107908].

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Addictive Behaviors; 04/01/2024
(AN 175111677); ISSN: 03064603
CINAHL Complete

Do anxiety symptoms and coping motives serially mediate the association between psychotic-like experiences and cannabis-related problems in undergraduate recent cannabis users?

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Addictive Behaviors; 04/01/2024
(AN 175111671); ISSN: 03064603
CINAHL Complete

The company you keep: The neglected role of affiliating with delinquent friends in the development of the cannabis-violence link.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Addictive Behaviors; 04/01/2024
(AN 175111673); ISSN: 03064603
CINAHL Complete

Alcohol and cannabis use among women with infertility: associations with psychiatric symptoms, attempts to conceive, and engagement in fertility treatment.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Archives of Women's Mental Health; 04/01/2024
Little is known about substance use among women with infertility, yet substance use has implications for fertility and pregnancy. The purpose was to estimate the prevalence of substance use among women with infertility and examine whether substance use was associated with psychiatric symptoms, active attempts to conceive, and engagement in fertility treatments. Eligible patients were from a single healthcare system who received a female infertility diagnosis within the past 2 years. Participants (n = 188) completed an online questionnaire regarding substance use, psychiatric symptoms, attempts to conceive, and fertility treatments. The prevalence of hazardous alcohol use, any cannabis use, and hazardous cannabis use were 30.3%, 30.9%, and 8.5%, respectively. Hazardous alcohol use was not associated with psychiatric symptoms (p >.05). Those with any cannabis use were more likely to have higher depression scores than those without (p =.02). Those with hazardous cannabis use were more likely to have higher depression scores (p =.001) and higher anxiety scores (p =.03). Substance use was not associated with actively trying to conceive. Those pursuing fertility treatments had a lower percentage engaging in hazardous alcohol use compared to those not pursuing fertility treatments (19.0% vs. 36.3%, p =.02). Substance use among women with infertility is common. Hazardous cannabis use was associated with greater psychiatric symptoms, suggesting that cannabis may be used to cope with distress. Pursuing fertility treatments may serve as a protective factor for hazardous alcohol use. Clinicians treating patients with infertility may want to screen for substance use.
(AN 176005927); ISSN: 14341816
CINAHL Complete

Impacts of medicinal cannabis on an early psychosis service.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Australasian Psychiatry; 04/01/2024
(AN 175845281); ISSN: 10398562
CINAHL Complete

What impact could the legalisation of recreational cannabis have on the health of the UK? Lessons from the rest of the world.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

British Journal of Psychiatry; 04/01/2024
(AN 175989045); ISSN: 00071250
CINAHL Complete

Cannabidiol as an Adjunctive Treatment for Acute Bipolar Depression: A Pilot Study: Le cannabidiol comme traitement d'appoint de la dépression bipolaire aiguë : une étude pilote.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Canadian Journal of Psychiatry; 04/01/2024
(AN 175940659); ISSN: 07067437
CINAHL Complete

Cannabis use and incident atrial fibrillation in a longitudinal cohort.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Heart Rhythm; 04/01/2024
(AN 175985195); ISSN: 15475271
CINAHL Complete

Marijuana and E-cigarette Initiation Among Adolescents: A Survival Analysis.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Journal of Adolescent Health; 04/01/2024
Prior literature suggests marijuana and e-cigarette initiation among adolescents is surpassing combustible cigarette uptake. Marijuana and nicotine co-use is also a concern as these products grow in popularity. Initiation trajectories for marijuana and e-cigarette products are not well understood, let alone how the use of one product may impact initiation susceptibility for the other. We used national longitudinal data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study from 2013 to 2018. Eighth graders in Wave 1 made up the analytic sample (N = 2,270). We employed discrete time survival analyses to determine the likelihood of initiating marijuana and e-cigarettes between Waves 2 and 5. We used survival analyses to estimate the relationships between prior cigarette and marijuana use and subsequent e-cigarette initiation, as well as prior cigarette and e-cigarette use and subsequent marijuana initiation. Previous marijuana initiation was associated with later e-cigarette initiation (odds ratio = 6.88, 95% confidence interval [4.89, 9.67]). Previous e-cigarette initiation was associated with later marijuana initiation (odds ratio = 9.28, 95% confidence interval [6.86, 12.56]). By wave 5, adolescents were more than 42% likely to initiate marijuana and e-cigarettes. Susceptibility to marijuana and e-cigarette products starts as early as eighth grade and increases over time. The use of one product is significantly related to later initiation for the other. Rather than addressing marijuana and nicotine as separate concerns, interventions may benefit by recognizing the closely related nature of these products.
(AN 175833309); ISSN: 1054139X
CINAHL Complete

Patterns of Alcohol, Marijuana, and Tobacco Use Among U.S. Adolescents and Young Adults by Disability Status: 2015–2019.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Journal of Adolescent Health; 04/01/2024
To estimate the national prevalence of tobacco, marijuana, and alcohol use among U.S. adolescents (age 12–17) and young adults (aged 18–25; adolescents and young adults [AYAs]) with a disability and examine associations between disability and substance use from 2015 to 2019. Data from the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were used to estimate the prevalence of tobacco, marijuana, and alcohol use among AYAs with disabilities. Modified Poisson regression models evaluated linear time trends in past-month substance use and estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) for past-month cigarette, any tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use. Adolescents with any disability had a higher prevalence of past-month cigarette (aPR = 1.87; 95% CI 1.67–2.09), alcohol (aPR = 1.21; 95% CI 1.11–1.31), and marijuana use (aPR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.36–1.60) compared to those without disabilities. Cigarette smoking among adolescents decreased over this time period; however, the decline among adolescents without a disability was greater than those with any disability. Young adults with any disability had a higher prevalence of past-month cigarette (aPR = 1.42; 95% CI 1.35–1.48) and marijuana use (aPR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.34–1.45), but a lower prevalence of past-month alcohol use (aPR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.90–0.95) than those without disabilities. Alcohol use remained constant among young adults with any disability but decreased for those without disabilities. Population-level disparities in cigarette and marijuana use exist in AYAs with disabilities. Future studies should identify strategies tailored to AYAs with disabilities to encourage smoking cessation and prevent cannabis use disorder.
(AN 175833294); ISSN: 1054139X
CINAHL Complete

Experience With Medical Marijuana in a Pediatric Palliative Care Clinic: Case Report.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Journal of Pain & Symptom Management; 04/01/2024
(AN 175962467); ISSN: 08853924
CINAHL Complete

Recreational cannabis policy reform—What mental health nurses need to know about minimising harm and contributing to the reform debate.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.); 04/01/2024
The recently rapidly evolving legal status of recreational cannabis in various countries has triggered international debate, particularly around measures required to minimise resulting harms. The present article argues that mental health nurses should have a key role in promoting safe and appropriate use of recreational cannabis, and minimising harm based on the extant evidence. The article summarises the factors driving legalisation, outlines the evident medicinal benefits of cannabis, and appraises the evidence on the negative mental health impacts associated with use. We go on to discuss research findings on the potentially deleterious mental health effects resulting from legalising recreational cannabis and strategies to minimise these harms, including directions for future research and evaluation. Further, we consider the importance of the implementation of harm minimisation measures that are context‐specific, using Thailand as an example. Finally, we present the key health promotion messages that mental health nurses should aim to convey to people who use or consider using recreational cannabis. Ultimately, we aim to provide a summary of the existing evidence that mental health nurses can draw upon to promote mental health and engage with the policy reform debate.
(AN 175853287); ISSN: 13510126
CINAHL Complete

Individual and Community level Developmental Adversities: Associations with Marijuana and Alcohol Use in Late-Adolescents and Young Adults.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Journal of Youth & Adolescence; 04/01/2024
Exposure to community and individual level stressors during adolescence has been reported to be associated with increased substance use. However, it remains unclear what the relative contribution of different community- and individual-level factors play when alcohol and marijuana use become more prevalent during late adolescence. The present study uses a large longitudinal sample of adolescents (Wave 1: N = 2017; 55% Female; 54.5% White, 22.3% Black, 8% Hispanic, 15% other) to evaluate the association and potential interactions between community- and individual-level factors and substance use from adolescence to young adulthood (Wave 1 to Wave 3 Age Mean [SD]: 16.7 [1.1], 18.3 [1.2], 19.3 [1.2]). Across three waves of data, multilevel modeling (MLM) is used to evaluate the association between community affluence and disadvantage, individual household socioeconomic status (SES, measured as parental level of education and self-reported public assistance) and self-reported childhood maltreatment with self-reported 12-month alcohol and 12-month marijuana use occasions. Sample-selection weights and attrition-adjusted weights are accounted for in the models to evaluate the robustness of the estimated effects. Across the MLMs, there is a significant positive association between community affluence and parental education with self-reported alcohol use but not self-reported marijuana use. In post hoc analyses, higher neighborhood affluence in older adolescents is associated with higher alcohol use and lower use in younger adolescents; the opposite association is found for neighborhood disadvantage. Consistent with past literature, there is a significant positive association between self-reported childhood maltreatment and self-reported 12-month alcohol and 12-month marijuana use. Results are largely consistent across weighted and unweighted analyses, however, in weighted analyses there is a significant negative association between community disadvantage and self-reported 12-month alcohol use. This study demonstrates a nuanced relationship between community- and individual-level factors and substance use during the transitional window of adolescence which should be considered when contextualizing and interpreting normative substance use during adolescence.
(AN 175543103); ISSN: 00472891
CINAHL Complete

Cannabis use in the United States and its impact on gastrointestinal health.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Nutrition in Clinical Practice; 04/01/2024
In recent years, the legalization and social acceptability of cannabis use have increased in the United States. Concurrently, the prevalence of cannabis use has continued to rise, and cannabis products have diversified. There are growing concerns regarding the health effects of regular and high‐potency cannabis use, and new research has shed light on its potentially negative effects. Here, we review evidence of the gastrointestinal (GI) effects of cannabis and cannabinoids. Dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system might contribute to various GI disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome and cyclic vomiting syndrome, and endocannabinoids have been found to regulate visceral sensation, nausea, vomiting, and the gut microbiome. Cannabis has been shown to have antiemetic properties, and the US Food and Drug Administration has approved cannabis‐based medications for treating chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting. Yet, chronic heavy cannabis use has been linked to recurrent episodes of severe nausea and intractable vomiting (cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome). Given the considerable heterogeneity in the scientific literature, it is unclear if cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome is truly a distinct entity or a subtype of cyclic vomiting that is unmasked by heavy cannabis use and the associated dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system. The changes in cannabis legalization, availability, and public risk perceptions have outpaced research in this area and there is a need for robust, prospective, large‐scale studies to understand the effects of cannabis use on GI health.
(AN 175827316); ISSN: 08845336
CINAHL Complete

Effects of cannabidiol on fear conditioning in anxiety disorders: decreased threat expectation during retention, but no enhanced fear re-extinction.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Psychopharmacology; 04/01/2024
Rationale: Preclinical research suggests that pharmacologically elevating cannabinoid levels may attenuate fear memory expression and enhance fear extinction. Objectives: We studied the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on fear memory expression and fear re-extinction in 69 patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia or with social anxiety disorder. Moderation by sex, diagnosis, and serotonergic antidepressant (AD) use was explored. Methods: A cued fear conditioning paradigm was applied before the first treatment session with 300 mg CBD/placebo augmented exposure therapy. Study medication was administered orally preceding 8 weekly sessions. Fear acquisition and suboptimal extinction took place prior to the first medication ingestion (T0). After the first medication ingestion (T1), we investigated effects on fear memory expression at retention and fear re-extinction. Subjective fear, shock expectancy, skin conductance, and startle responses to conditioned (CS+) and safety stimulus (CS−) were measured. Results: Across the sample, CBD reduced shock expectancy at retention under low and ambiguous threat of shock, but fear re-extinction at T1 was unaffected by CBD. However, in AD users, re-extinction of subjective fear was impaired in the CBD condition compared to placebo. In female AD users, CBD interfered with safety learning measured with fear-potentiated startle. Conclusions: The current findings provide no evidence for enhanced fear re-extinction by CBD. However, CBD acutely decreased threat expectation at retention, without affecting other indices of fear. More studies are needed to elucidate possible interactions with AD use and sex, as well as potential effects of CBD on threat expectancies.
(AN 175981392); ISSN: 00333158
CINAHL Complete

Proximity to Cannabis Retailers and Recent Cannabis Use among a Diverse Sample of California Adolescents.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Substance Use & Misuse; 04/01/2024
Background: As of May 2023, 23 states and Washington, DC have legalized the sale of cannabis for adults aged 21+, and 38 states, three territories, and D.C. have legalized medical cannabis. Exposure to cannabis retailers could increase adolescent cannabis use. Few studies have examined the impact of residential proximity to cannabis retailers on adolescent cannabis use, and previous findings are inconsistent. Methods: This study examined associations between proximity to cannabis retailers and past 30-day cannabis use. Data were from Project Cal Teens, a statewide survey of California adolescents regarding cannabis-related opinions/behaviors (N = 1406, mean age = 15.5 years, 48% female, 38% Hispanic/Latinx, 33% White, 15% Asian/Pacific Islander, 10% Black/African American, 5% Other/Multiracial). Participants were recruited via schools/social media in 2018–2020. Results: For every additional 5 driving miles to the nearest cannabis retailer, the risk of past 30-day cannabis use was reduced by 3.6% [IRR: 0.964; 95% CI: 0.935–0.994]. For every additional 5 miles from a licensed retailer, the risk of past 30-day cannabis use was reduced by 4.3% [IRR: 0.957; 95% CI: 0.926–0.989]. Interaction analyses revealed that among Hispanic/Latinx students, every 5 miles from a licensed retailer was associated with an 11.9% reduction in the risk of past 30-day cannabis use [IRR: 0.881; 95% CI: 0.820–0.945]. Conclusions: As the number of cannabis retailers in the U.S. increases with the continued legalization of adult cannabis use, research examining the effects of these policies on underage use is crucial. Interventions could include enforcement of zoning laws in/near residential areas to reduce accessibility of adolescents to cannabis retailers.
(AN 175749780); ISSN: 10826084
CINAHL Complete

Cognitive Distortions Associated with Alcohol and Marijuana Use in Uruguayan Citizens.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Substance Use & Misuse; 04/01/2024
Background: Psychological distress (i.e., incipient symptoms of anxiety, stress, and depression) may promote substance use through increased emission of cognitive distortions. These are automatic irrational thoughts that can promote distress, which in turn increases substance use. Aim: This study analyzed, in a sample of Uruguayan citizens, the unique contribution of cognitive distortions on the frequency and quantity of alcohol or marijuana use, over and above the contribution of psychological distress or the use of emotion regulation strategies. We also assessed whether these variables were associated with having initiated or resumed the use of a substance. Methods: A survey asked about alcohol and marijuana use, psychological distress, emotion regulation strategies, and cognitive distortions. The study comprised a convenience sample of 1132 participants (Mean age = 29.07 ± 8.19 years, 72.26% women). Separate hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted on the frequency and quantity of alcohol or marijuana use, whereas a logistic regression was applied on having initiated or resumed the use of a substance. Results: Several cognitive distortions were significant predictors of frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption or frequency of marijuana use, over and above psychological distress. Differential emission of automatic thoughts was also associated, along with higher scores of psychological distress, with a significantly higher probability of having initiated the use of a new substance or having resumed the use of a substance. Conclusions: Cognitive distortions may promote alcohol and marijuana use. Interventions aimed at modifying these distortions should be considered to reduce the emission of these behaviors.
(AN 175749784); ISSN: 10826084
CINAHL Complete

Marijuana Use among Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age, 2013–2019.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Substance Use & Misuse; 04/01/2024
Marijuana is the most commonly used federally illicit substance among reproductive-age women in the United States. Updated information on marijuana use in this population can inform clinical and public health interventions. Data from the 2013–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health was used to report weighted prevalence estimates of marijuana use in the past month, past 2–12 months, and past year among women aged 18–44 years with self-reported pregnancy status. Bivariate analyses and general linear regression models with Poisson distribution using appropriate survey procedures identified factors associated with past-year marijuana use by pregnancy status. Among pregnant women, 4.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.1–5.6) reported marijuana use in the past month, 10.4% (95% CI: 9.3–11.5) in the past 2–12 months, and 15.2% (95% CI: 13.9–16.6) in the past year. Among nonpregnant women, 11.8% (95% CI: 11.5–12.0) reported marijuana use in the past month, 7.8% (95% CI: 7.6–8.0) in the past 2–12 months, and 19.5% (95% CI: 19.2–19.9) in the past year. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, past-year marijuana use was 2.3–5.1 times more likely among pregnant, and 2.1 to 4.6 times more likely among nonpregnant women who reported past-year tobacco smoking, alcohol use, or other illicit drug use compared to those reporting no substance use. Pregnant and nonpregnant women reporting marijuana use, alone or with other substances, can benefit from substance use screening and treatment facilitation.
(AN 175749785); ISSN: 10826084
CINAHL Complete

First Used Nicotine/Cannabis Product and Associated Outcomes in Late Adolescents.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Substance Use & Misuse; 04/01/2024
Nicotine and tobacco product (NTP) and cannabis use are common in adolescence/young adulthood and increase risk for negative psychosocial outcomes. This study investigated associations among adolescent/young adults' initial experiences with NTPs, lifetime frequency of substance use, substance-related problems, and mental health symptoms. Adolescents and young adults enrolled in a study on NTP and cannabis use were asked at what age they initiated the use of NTPs and were assigned to groups based on which product or substance(s) they reported using at the earliest age. Participants who reported use of NTPs (in isolation, without cannabis) first (N = 78, "NTP-only"), simultaneous use of NTPs and cannabis first (e.g., blunt or bowl; N = 25, "Simult-only"), use of both NTPs in isolation and simultaneous use at the same age (N = 48, "NTP + Simult"), and no NTP use (N = 53, "NTP-naïve") were compared on substance use, substance-related problems, and mental health symptoms. Groups differed on lifetime frequency of NTP, simultaneous, and cannabis use, with NTP users reporting more substance use episodes and substance-related problems than the NTP-naïve group. The lifetime frequency of cannabis use did not differ across NTP use groups. NTP use was associated with increased anxiety and depression, with no significant differences between groups. Adolescents and young adults who use nicotine may be at increased risk for greater nicotine use and mental health consequences, but initiating NTP use simultaneously with cannabis may not increase the risk of negative outcomes above and beyond nicotine initiation. Prospective longitudinal research is needed to establish temporal associations between first-used NTP/cannabis products and relevant outcomes.
(AN 175749786); ISSN: 10826084
CINAHL Complete

Salient Beliefs Associated with Unsanctioned Adult Cannabis Use in an Evolving Socio-Political Environment.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Substance Use & Misuse; 04/01/2024
Background: The changing cannabis legal climate in the United States has been associated with increased prevalence of use, more favorable general attitudes, and cultural norms toward its use among young adults. The purpose of this study was to conceptualize salient beliefs governing illicit cannabis use within a state where medical use is legal and adult use remains illegal. Methods: Following an initial qualitative pilot, a prospective study (baseline and a 30-day follow-up) that utilized an electronic survey design was conducted. Students at a large US university (N = 514) completed a baseline assessment of cannabis use and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs, and 169 completed the follow-up assessing actual behavior. Results: Roughly 60% reported illicit cannabis use. Attitude and subjective norms accounted for 57% of the variation in intention for cannabis use in the next 30 days, while intention and perceived behavioral control (PBC) explained 51% of the variation in prospective use. The majority of salient beliefs identified exhibited moderate to strong correlations with intention and behavior among the larger sample. Close friends and partners were identified as important referents, outcome expectations of relaxation, improved social functioning, and more enjoyment, as well as environmental factors, such as proximity to use, safe utilization location, and continued illegality of adult use exhibited strong associations to intention and behavior. Conclusions: The practical utility of the salient belief measures identified herein presents a useful foundation for interventions aimed at reducing illicit cannabis utilization among young adults.
(AN 175749788); ISSN: 10826084
CINAHL Complete

Self-reported knowledge of tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol concentration in cannabis products among cancer patients and survivors.

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 04:00:00 +0000

Supportive Care in Cancer; 04/01/2024
(AN 175846656); ISSN: 09414355
CINAHL Complete

Automated One-pot and One-step Radiosynthesis of [¹⁸F]VAT for PET Imaging of Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: Tu Z.,Yu Y.,Bognar C.,Gaehle G.,Moerlein S.,Perlmutter J.S.,Nickels M.

Database Source: Embase Daily Updates

Journal Title: Nuclear Medicine and Biology

Article Title: Automated One-pot and One-step Radiosynthesis of [18F]VAT for PET Imaging of Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter

Year: 2023

Issue: Supplement

Volume: 126-127

Abstract: Introduction: The vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), predominantly located in presynaptic cholinergic nerve terminals has been a target to quantify the decline of cholinergic neurons in the course of neurodegenerative diseases.We have developed and applied a promising F-18 labeled VAChT PET tracer [18F]VAT for clinical investigation in Parkinson's Diseases and other dementias. Our previous automated production of [18F]VAT for human use requires a two-step procedure, in which 2-[18F]fluoroethyl tosylate is made, followed by alkylation to the phenol group. Although this procedure is robust, it takes about 3 hrs to complete, utilizes two separate reaction modules, affords moderate radiochemical yields and gives a limited dosage per batch production. To facilitate tracer production for multiple clinical trials, we now report a faster, straightforward onestep automated procedure to produce [18F]VAT in our current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) facility with high radiochemistry yields. Method(s): The production of [18F]VAT was conducted using a GE TRACERlab FX-N Pro module. The radiosynthesis was achieved based on nucleophilic aliphatic substitution utilizing a tosylate precursor. Briefly, cyclotron produced [18F]fluoride (11-19 GBq) was trapped on a QMA cartridge and eluted into the reaction vial using K<inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf>/K222 solution. After drying by azeotropic evaporation via iterative acetonitrile additions under a gentle nitrogen flow, the tosylate precursor (0.8-1.0 mg) in DMSO solution (350 muL) was added and the vial was heated at 110 degreeC for 15 min. After cooling, HPLC mobile phase was added to quench the reaction mixture, which was then purified by a semi-preparative reversed-phase HPLC system at a flow rate of 4 mL/ min. The desired peak was collected into a glass flask prefilled with sterile water, followed by trapping on a C-18 Sep-Pak. The drug substance [18F]VAT was then eluted off the cartridge with ethanol through a filter and then reformulated by the addition of sodium chloride injection. The resulting [18F]VAT was then ready for QC and clinical studies. Result(s): The radiotracer [18F]VAT was successfully produced with 33 +/- 3% (n = 4) radiochemical yield (RCY) with high molar activity (>100 GBq/mumol, EOS) and high radiochemical purity (> 99%). Reformulated [18F]VAT met all quality specifications set for clinical release. The one-step synthesis protocol, by [18F]fluoride displacement of a primary tosylate precursor, gave a two-fold increase in yield over the previous two-step method employing alkylation of a phenol precursor with 1,2-[18F]fluoroethyl tosylate. More importantly, compared with the previous production time (140 +/- 10 min), the current synthesis process could be completed within 60 +/- 5 min. This simplified, streamlined, high-yielding, reliable automated process has been validated for routine GMP production of [18F]VAT for clinical studies. Conclusion(s): A more efficient and high-yielding procedure for making [18F]VAT was developed and validated under our cGMP facilities using a commercial module. This improved one-step procedure provided a consistently 2-fold higher yield and required only half the time compared to the previous two-step procedure, making the process more suitable to deliver multiple [18F]VAT doses per batch production for clinical studies. Acknowledgments: NIH/NINDS #NS075527 and #NS103988. Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Automated radiosynthesis of [¹⁸F]FMeNER-D² using the simplified one-pot ¹⁸F-fluoromethylation

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: Zhang M.-R.,Kawamura K.,Mori W.,Fujinaga M.,Kurihara Y.,Ogawa M.,Tsukagoe K.,Ohkubo T.,Hashimoto H.,Nengaki N.

Database Source: Embase Daily Updates

Journal Title: Nuclear Medicine and Biology

Article Title: Automated radiosynthesis of [18F]FMeNER-D2 using the simplified one-pot 18F-fluoromethylation

Year: 2023

Issue: Supplement

Volume: 126-127

Abstract: Objectives: Many [18F]fluoroalkyated PET tracers have been developed as substitution for 11C-alkylated tracers. In general, 18Ffluoroalkylation using [18F]fluoroalkyl reagents requires multi-step radiosynthesis and multi-pot reactors. To overcome these limitations, a straightforward one-pot method for 18F-fluoroethylation without azeotropic drying of [18F]F- was developed by Kniess et al. [1]. Recently, we improved this one-pot method to synthesize 18Ffluoroethylated tracers [2]. Here, to apply this method for 18Ffluoromethylation, we attempted to synthesize [18F]FMeNER-D<inf>2</inf> as a useful 18F-fluoromethylated tracer for imaging norepinephrine transporter. [18F]FMeNER-D<inf>2</inf>was previously synthesized automatically via a muti-steps procedure, including azeotropic-drying of [18F]F-, [18F] fluorination of dibromomethan-d2 (CD<inf>2</inf>Br<inf>2</inf>) with [18F]F-, distillation of [18F]bromofluoromethane-d2 ([18F]FCD<inf>2</inf>Br) and reaction of the pure [18F]FCD<inf>2</inf>Br with (S,S)-norethylreboxetine (NER), using an 18F-labelling synthesizer with multi-pots reactors [3]. In this study, we utilized the simplified one-pot method to perform the automated radiosynthesis of [18F]FMeNER-D2. Method(s): [18F]FMeNER-D<inf>2</inf> was automatically synthesized by the reaction of NER with [18F]fluoro-d<inf>2</inf>-methyl tosylate ([18F]FCD<inf>2</inf>OTs) as a radiolabeling agent. Firstly, [18F]FCD<inf>2</inf>OTs was synthesized in a mixture of 18F- in 15 mmol/L of kryptofix 2.2.2 in 0.98 mL of acetonitrile and 375 mmol/L K<inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf> solution (0.2 mL), bis(tosyloxy)methane-d<inf>2</inf> and cesium carbonate. Next, without purification of [18F]FCD<inf>2</inf>OTs, a solution of NER in N,N-dimethylformamide and sodium hydroxide was added to this mixture, and the reaction mixturewas heated at 110degree C for 10 min. The mixture was diluted and transferred to semipreparative HPLC. The [18F]FMeNER-D<inf>2</inf> fraction was evaporated for dryness, dissolved in physiological saline including Tween 80, and filtered to obtain the [18F]FMeNER-D<inf>2</inf> injection. Result(s): Using the simplified one-pot 18F-fluoromethylation procedure in the automated radiosynthesis, we achieved [18F] FMeNER-D<inf>2</inf> under the optimized reaction condition: 2.7 mg (7.5 mumol) of bis(tosyloxy)methane-d<inf>2</inf> as a precursor for 18F-labeling intermediate, 2.4 mg (7.5 mumol) of cesium carbonate as a base for fluorination, 2.2 mg (7.5 mumol) of NER as a precursor for 18F-labeling product and 15 muL of 8 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution as a base for fluoromethylation, in approximately 8.0% of radiochemical yield from 18F- at the end of irradiation (EOI). The radiosynthesis time and radiochemical purity were within 70 min after EOI and over 95%, respectively. Conclusion(s): We have successively synthesized [18F]FMeNER-D<inf>2</inf> using the simplified one-pot 18F-fluoromethylation via [18F]FCD<inf>2</inf>OTs, and achieved automation for all radiosynthesis processes using an 18Flabeling synthesizer. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by MEXT and JSPS KAKENHI grant number 19H03610. [Figure presented] Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Phase I trial for SPECT imaging of GRPR expression in malignant tumors using [^99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 prepared using one-pot labeling kit

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: Orlova A.,Rybina A.,Abouzayed A.,Rinne S.,Zelchan R.,Medvedeva A.,Bragina O.,Lushnikova N.,Doroshenko A.,Usynin E.,Tashireva L.,Vtorushin S.,Sorensen J.,Chernov V.,Tolmachev V.

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Journal Title: Nuclear Medicine and Biology

Article Title: Phase I trial for SPECT imaging of GRPR expression in malignant tumors using [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 prepared using one-pot labeling kit

Year: 2023

Issue: Supplement

Volume: 126-127

Abstract: Introduction: Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) are overexpressed in prostate (PCa) and breast (BCa) cancers. We previously reported development of the GRPR antagonist [99mTc]TcmaSSS- PEG2-RM26 (RM26: [D-Phe6,Sta13,Leu14-NH2]BBN(6-14)) which bound to GRPR with high affinity and had a favorable biodistribution profile in tumor-bearing animal model [1]. In this study we aimed i) to prepare and test kits for the use in an early-phase clinical study and ii) perform Phase I clinical trial to evaluate safety, biodistribution and dosimetry of [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-RM26 in PCa and BCa patients. Method(s): The single-vial kits containing gluconic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, stannous chloride and maSSS-PEG2-RM26 were prepared to allow for a radiolabeling of maSSS-PEG2-RM26 with technetium-99 m. The radiolabeled conjugate was evaluated in vitro for binding specificity and sterility. The toxicity of the kits was evaluated in rats. Kit vials were stored at 4 degreeC for 18 months and the labeling yield as well as binding of [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 to GRPR after labeling was tested in vitro and in vivo. Six PCa patients and seven BCa patients were imaged 2, 4, 6, and 24 h post intravenous administration of 40 mug of 99mTc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 (600-700 MBq) using a Siemens Symbia Intevo Bold SPECT/CT scanner. The safety was evaluated up to 7 d. Organ's absorbed doses and effective dose, were calculated using OLINDA1 based on whole body images. Result(s): The single-vial kits were sterile and their content was nontoxic when tested in animals. The single-step radiolabeling with technetium-99 m was successful with high radiochemical yields (over 97%) and molar activities up to 24 MBq/nmol. With time, kit vials demonstrated decreased radiochemical yields (54 +/- 3%) but purification using Sep-Pak cartridges allowed to obtain the product with the radiochemical purity of [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2-RM26 over 97%. maSSS-PEG2-RM26 labeled with technetium-99 m after 18 months storage demonstrated high specific uptake in GRPR-expressing tumor xenografts in vivo. No adverse events or pathological changes were observed after injection of 40 mug of [99mTc]Tc-SSS-RM26 in patients. Absorbed doses in healthy organs and tissues did not differ significantly for male and female patients. The effective doses were 0.0053 +/- 0.0007 for male and 0.008 +/- 0.003 mSv/MBq for female patients. The radionuclide-associated dose burden per patient was 3-6 mSv/study. Increased accumulation of [99mTc]Tc-maSSS-PEG2- RM26 in the tumor was observed in 4 of 6 PCa and in 7 of 7 BCa patients. In 4 of BCa patients, a high uptake of the agent in the axillary lymph nodes was detected (Figure 1). Conclusion(s): Single administration of GRPR-targeting antagonistic [99mTc]Tc-SSS-RM26 was safe and well tolerated. SPECT imaging of GRPR expression using [99mTc]Tc-SSS-RM26 could be used for diagnostic in prostate and breast cancer patients. [Figure presented] Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

CANNABIS USE DISORDER IS NOT A RISK FACTOR FOR MEDICAL OR SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING TOTAL SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: Best M.,Chiu A.,Fuller S.,Agarwal A.,Kreulen T.,Srikumaran U.,Haft M.

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Journal Title: JSES International

Article Title: CANNABIS USE DISORDER IS NOT A RISK FACTOR FOR MEDICAL OR SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING TOTAL SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY

Year: 2023

Issue: 5

Volume: 7

Abstract: Background: In recent years, there has been an increase in utilization of cannabis. Existing studies have found Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) to be associated with increased incidence of perioperative complications in lower extremity arthroplasty. However, studies examining CUD following total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of comorbid CUD on 2-year revision and 90-day postoperative outcomes in primary TSA for osteoarthritis. Method(s): A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using the PearlDiver database. CPT, ICD-9, and ICD-10 codes were used to identify patients undergoing TSA for the indication of osteoarthritis and were divided into a CUD and control group. The primary outcomes of interest were 2-year all-cause revision, 90-day hospital readmission, and 90-day emergency department visit. Surgical perioperative complications included PJI, periprosthetic fracture, aseptic loosening, articular bearing surface wear, broken prosthesis, and prosthetic dislocation. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were conducted to analyze the data. Result(s): A total of 115,457 patients undergoing TSA were identified. The CUD cohort contained 510 patients and the control cohort contained 114,947 patients. After controlling for comorbidities, there were no statistically significant differences in 2-year revision outcomes. Multivariable results also showed no association with 90-day medical or surgical complications, with the exception of 90-day presentation to an Emergency Department (ED). Conclusion(s): Our results showed that CUD is not an independent risk factor for 2-year revision surgery, nor is it independently associated with adverse 90-day medical or surgical complications. The results of this research expand the literature on TSA and comorbid substance use. Further, our findings can assist orthopedic surgeons in counseling patients regarding CUD as a risk factor for complications of TSA Copyright © 2023

The impact of marijuana use on nocturia in men aged 19-59: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: Gleicher S.,Byler T.

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Journal Title: Canadian Urological Association Journal

Article Title: The impact of marijuana use on nocturia in men aged 19-59: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study

Year: 2020

Issue: 9 Supplement 9

Volume: 14

Abstract: Introduction: With the legalization of marijuana, use is expected to increase, and it is unclear how this will impact our urology practice. Studies have suggested that there are cannabinoid receptors in the bladder that may influence sensory afferents and micturition. The effect of these receptors is unknown, but a prior report suggested that marijuana use was protective against LUTS in men. The goal of this study is to assess marijuana use trends and the impact in men with nocturia. Method(s): We queried the NHANES database for men aged 19-59 from 2013-2018. We defined nocturia as two times or greater in response to, "Do you urinate at night?"Marijuana use was defined by responding yes to "ever smoke marijuana?"Regular and distant use was defined by "Last smoked marijuana at least once a month for one year?"with regular users answering "days/weeks"and distant users answering "months/years."We assessed demographic and clinical factors related to nocturia, including age, race, education, insurance status, HbA1c, hypertension, BMI, and smoking status. We used sampling weights to minimize selection bias and used SPSS for our analysis. Result(s): Among the 4577 men in this study, 18% reported nocturia; 13% of men were regular users of marijuana, 21% were distant users, and 66% were non-users. Marijuana use appeared relatively stable over the study periods. We found that significantly higher rates of nocturia were seen among older, black, uneducated, overweight, diabetic, hypertensive, and smoker men (p<0.05). We also found higher rates of marijuana use among men with nocturia (p=0.006). Our multivariate analysis confirmed increased risk of nocturia for older (OR 1.04), black (OR 1.80), and hypertensive (OR 1.45) men (p<0.05). Education was protective (OR 0.42, p<0.05). Regular marijuana use increased the risk of nocturia (OR 1.35, CI 1.00-1.82). However, marijuana use overall was not found to be a risk factor for nocturia (p=0.09). Conclusion(s): As opposed to previous reports, marijuana did not correlate significantly with nocturia among regular users. As marijuana use may increase nationally, the clinical implications regarding patient assessment and counselling among men with nocturia may become more important. Given convergent findings in these early studies, further studies are needed to better understand the possibility of association of men with nocturia who smoke marijuana.

Lewis acid-catalyzed one-pot thioalkenylation of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes using in situ generated dithiocarbamates and propiolates

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: Harikumar S.,Kandy L.T.K.,Guin A.,Biju A.T.

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Journal Title: Organic & biomolecular chemistry

Article Title: Lewis acid-catalyzed one-pot thioalkenylation of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes using in situ generated dithiocarbamates and propiolates

Year: 2024

Issue: 9

Volume: 22

Abstract: Lewis acid-catalyzed one-pot 1,3-thioalkenylation of donor-acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes has been demonstrated employing in situ generated dithiocarbamates (from amines and CS2) as nucleophilic triggers and alkyl propiolates as electrophiles. This method addresses the limitations of previously known carbothiolation approach, eliminating the need for extra filtration prior to the subsequent trapping with electrophiles. The anticipated thioalkenylated products were obtained in good to excellent yields with a moderate to good E/Z ratio. Three new bonds (C-N, C-S, and C-C) are formed during this 1,3-bisfunctionalization reaction. Notably, employing enantiomerically pure D-A cyclopropanes resulted in enantiopure 1,3-thioalkenylated products, underscoring the stereospecific nature of the developed reaction.

One-pot gram-scale rapid synthesis of MN4 complexes with 14-membered ring macrocyclic ligand as a precursor for carbon-based ORR and CO2RR catalysts

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: Ogawa M.,Usami S.,Takahama R.,Iwamoto K.,Nabeta T.,Kawashima S.,Kojima R.,Ohyama J.,Hayakawa T.,Nabae Y.,Moriya M.

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Journal Title: Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)

Article Title: One-pot gram-scale rapid synthesis of MN<inf>4</inf> complexes with 14-membered ring macrocyclic ligand as a precursor for carbon-based ORR and CO<inf>2</inf>RR catalysts

Year: 2024

Issue: 10

Volume: 53

Abstract: Herein, CoN4, CuN4, and NiN4 complexes with a 14-membered ring hexaazamacrocycle ligand H2HAM were synthesised as precursors for ORR and CO2RR catalysts via a one-pot, gram-scale synthesis procedure, which involved microwave heating for only 10 min. Detailed structures of the obtained 14MR-MN4 complex were revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements.

Support Provided by Stop-Smoking Practitioners to Co-users of Tobacco and Cannabis: A Qualitative Study

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: Sumodhee D.,Walsh H.,Brose L.,McNeill A.,McEwen A.,Duaso M.J.

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Journal Title: Nicotine and Tobacco Research,Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Article Title: Support Provided by Stop-Smoking Practitioners to Co-users of Tobacco and Cannabis: A Qualitative Study

Year: 2024

Issue: 1

Volume: 26

Abstract: Introduction: Co-use of tobacco and cannabis is highly prevalent among cannabis users and is associated with poorer tobacco cessation outcomes. This study explored the barriers and enablers influencing stop-smoking practitioners' ability to provide optimal support to co-users. Aims and Methods: Online semi-structured interviews were audio recorded. Interviewees (n = 20) were UK-based certified stop-smoking practitioners. An interview schedule informed by the "capability", "opportunity", "motivation" (COM-B) model was designed to explore participants' perceived barriers and enablers in better supporting co-users to achieve abstinence of both substances or tobacco harm reduction. The transcripts were analyzed using framework analysis. Result(s): Capability: Practitioners' lack of knowledge and skills undermines their delivery of smoking cessation interventions to co-users. Interestingly, when cannabis is used for medicinal reasons, practitioners feel unable to provide adequate support. Opportunity: Service recording systems play an important role in screening for co-use and supporting co-users. When responding to clients' specific needs and practitioners' uncertainties, a positive therapeutic relationship and a support network of peers and other healthcare professionals are needed. Motivation: supporting co-users is generally perceived as part of practitioners' roles but there are concerns that co-users are less likely to successfully stop smoking. Conclusion(s): Practitioners are willing to support co-users, but their lack of knowledge and access to an appropriate recording system are barriers to doing so. Having a supportive team and a positive therapeutic relationship is perceived as important. Identified barriers can be mostly addressed with further training to improve tobacco cessation outcomes for co-users. Copyright © 2024 Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.

Can we predict adolescent cannabis use? A Bayesian semi-parametric approach to project future trends

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: Charrier L.,Vieno A.,Canale N.,ter Bogt T.,Comoretto R.I.,Koumantakis E.,Lenzi M.,Berchialla P.

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Journal Title: Addictive Behaviors,Addictive Behaviors

Article Title: Can we predict adolescent cannabis use? A Bayesian semi-parametric approach to project future trends

Year: 2024

Issue:

Volume: 154

Abstract: Despite its decrease in many Western countries, cannabis remains the most used illicit substance among adolescents. This study aims to summarize cannabis consumption during the last two decades and project trends among 15-year-olds in the 2021-22 HBSC survey. A Bayesian semi-parametric hierarchical model was adopted to estimate the trend of cannabis consumption using data of about 287,000 adolescents from the 2001/2002 to the 2017/2018 HBSC wave and the 38 countries that met the inclusion criteria. Data show an overall decline in most countries for both boys and girls. However, in 22 countries of 38 cannabis use is expected to increase again in our projection. The discussion of these findings should take into account cultural, policy, social factors and unpredictable events such as the Covid-19 pandemic, that can significantly impact future trends leading to discrepancies between the projected and observed values. However, these discrepancies can provide insight into understanding the potential impact of preventive strategies and the underlying processes responsible for changes in cannabis use over time. Copyright © 2024

Highly effective one pot reaction from alpha-hydrazonoesters to give anilinoesters via alpha-diazoesters

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: Kanuma T.,Yasui E.

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Journal Title: Tetrahedron Letters,Tetrahedron Letters

Article Title: Highly effective one pot reaction from alpha-hydrazonoesters to give anilinoesters via alpha-diazoesters

Year: 2024

Issue:

Volume: 137

Abstract: We have recently reported that alpha-diazoesters can be easily obtained by the reaction of hydrazonoesters with a catalytic amount of Cu(OAc)<inf>2</inf> in CH<inf>3</inf>CN. In the present study, new reaction conditions were examined to allow the insertion of N-H and diazotization to proceed in one step. When a catalytic amount of Cu(OAc)<inf>2</inf>, CuPF<inf>6</inf>, and an equivalent amount of aniline were added to the alpha-hydrazonoester at a time, the diazotization and N-H insertion reaction proceeded rapidly and continuously. Furthermore, treatment of alpha-hydrazonoesters with a catalytic amount of CuCl and 2 kinds of salts, KOAc and NEt<inf>4</inf>PF<inf>6</inf>, provided anilinoesters in good yields. It is considered that two kinds of copper complexes generated in the reaction mixture allowed the diazotization and N-H insertion to proceed continuously. Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

Rapid nanomolar detection of DELTA⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol in biofluids via electrochemical aptamer-based biosensor

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: Xie Y.,She J.-P.,Zheng J.-X.,Salminen K.,Sun J.-J.

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Journal Title: Analytica Chimica Acta,Analytica Chimica Acta

Article Title: Rapid nanomolar detection of DELTA9-tetrahydrocannabinol in biofluids via electrochemical aptamer-based biosensor

Year: 2024

Issue:

Volume: 1295

Abstract: Background: The fabrication of sensors capable of achieving rapid, sensitive, and highly selective detection of target molecules in complex fluids is key to realizing their real-world applications. For example, there is an urgent need in drugged driving roadside screening scenarios to develop a method that can be used for rapid drug detection and that avoids interference from the matrix in the sample. How to minimize the interference of complex matrices in biofluids at the electrode interface is the key to improve the sensitivity of the sensor. Result(s): This work develops a facile and green method to prepare rough electrodes with a porous structure for constructing electrochemical aptamer-based (EAB) sensors for rapid, sensitive and accurate detection of DELTA9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in biofluids. The electroactive area of the rough electrode was 21 times of smooth electrode. And the antifouling performance of the rough electrode was much better than that of smooth electrode. Based on the unique advantages of the rough electrode, the developed EAB sensor achieves rapid nanomolar detection of THC in undiluted serum, undiluted urine and 50 % saliva with the detection limit of 5.0 nM, 10 nM and 10 nM, respectively. Moreover, our method possesses good reproducibility, accuracy and specificity. Significance: The porous structure can effectively reduce the non-specific adsorption and enhance the stability of the signal, while the larger active area can modify more aptamers, thus improving the sensitivity. The detection limits of the EAB sensor were lower than the cutoff concentration of THC in drugged driving and the measuring process was completed within 60 s after target addition, which makes the present sensors capable for real-world applications. Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

Cannabidiol Intervention for Muscular Tension, Pain, and Sleep Bruxism Intensity-A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: Walczynska-Dragon K.,Kurek-Gorecka A.,Niemczyk W.,Nowak Z.,Baron S.,Olczyk P.,Nitecka-Buchta A.,Kempa W.M.

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Journal Title: Journal of Clinical Medicine,Journal of Clinical Medicine

Article Title: Cannabidiol Intervention for Muscular Tension, Pain, and Sleep Bruxism Intensity-A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Year: 2024

Issue: 5

Volume: 13

Abstract: Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are the most prevalent non-dental pain issues in the maxillofacial region. Despite advancements, diagnosing and managing TMDs continues to pose challenges. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of cannabidiol (CBD) formulations, with different concentrations, in patients experiencing sleep bruxism and muscle-related TMDs, with a particular emphasis on their myorelaxant, pain-relieving, and bruxism-reducing properties. Method(s): The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMDs) was utilized as the diagnostic framework. Sixty patients completed the study, which followed a parallel-group, three-arm, randomized, double-blind clinical trial design, with a 1:1:1 allocation ratio across three groups: 1a, 1b, and 2. Groups 1a and 1b received CBD formulations at concentrations of 10% and 5%, respectively, while Group 2 received a placebo formulation. The trial consisted of four main visits, namely screening, baseline, first follow-up after 14 days, and second follow-up after 30 days, during which surface electromyography (sEMG), the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain assessment, and Bruxoff examinations were conducted. Result(s): The reduction in pain, as measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS), among patients using the 10% CBD formulation was 57.4% (p < 0.05), accompanied by a decrease in sEMG activity by 42.1% (p < 0.05). Conversely, individuals using the 5% CBD formulation experienced a 40.8% (p < 0.05) decrease in pain. Regarding the decrease in the sleep bruxism index, users of the 10% CBD formulation saw the highest reduction of 51% (p < 0.05). These findings underscore the efficacy of the proposed treatment in both experimental groups, with a notable advantage observed in Group 1a. Conversely, the outcomes of the selected variables for the control group did not exhibit significant differences throughout the study. Conclusion(s): The intraoral use of CBD formulations in patients with TMDs have proven to be a successful treatment for reducing pain, muscle tension, and bruxing activity in individuals with sleep bruxism and muscle-related TMDs. Specifically, a concentration of 10% CBD has demonstrated superior results compared to 5% CBD. Copyright © 2024 by the authors.

Cannabis Usage Among Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Scoping Review

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: Metko D.,Mehta S.,Piguet V.

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Journal Title: Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery

Article Title: Cannabis Usage Among Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Scoping Review

Year: 2024

Issue:

Volume:

Abstract:

Cannabidiol: metabolism and clinical efficacy in epileptic patients

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: Dell'isola G.B.,Verrotti A.,Sciaccaluga M.,Dini G.,Ferrara P.,Parnetti L.,Costa C.

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Journal Title: Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

Article Title: Cannabidiol: metabolism and clinical efficacy in epileptic patients

Year: 2024

Issue:

Volume:

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The landscape of epilepsy treatment has undergone a significant transformation with the emergence of cannabidiol as a potential therapeutic agent. Epidiolex, a pharmaceutical formulation of highly purified CBD, garnered significant attention not just for its therapeutic potential but also for being the first cannabis-derived medication to obtain approval from regulatory bodies. AREA COVERED: In this narrative review the authors explore the intricate landscape of CBD as an antiseizure medication, deepening into its pharmacological mechanisms and clinical trials involving various epileptic encephalopathies. This exploration serves as a comprehensive guide, shedding light on a compound that holds promise for individuals contending with the significant challenges of drug-resistant epilepsy. EXPERT OPINION: Rigorous studies highlight cannabidiol's efficacy, safety profile, and potential cognitive benefits, warranting further exploration for its approval in various drug-resistant epilepsy forms. As a promising therapeutic option, cannabidiol not only demonstrates efficacy in seizure control but also holds the potential for broader enhancements in the quality of life, especially for patients with epileptic encephalopathies.

How much THC is in that joint? A daily diary study of young adults' knowledge of the cannabinoid content of cannabis products

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: Coelho S.G.,Hendershot C.S.,Fox N.,Wardell J.D.

Database Source: Embase Daily Updates

Journal Title: Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs

Article Title: How much THC is in that joint? A daily diary study of young adults' knowledge of the cannabinoid content of cannabis products

Year: 2024

Issue:

Volume:

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Many young adults report frequent cannabis use and are at risk for cannabis harms. Knowledge of the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) concentrations of cannabis products may promote harm reduction, but few studies have characterized cannabinoid concentration knowledge in this population. This study used day-level data to examine predictors of cannabinoid concentration knowledge and associations of cannabinoid concentration knowledge with substance-related consequences among young adults. METHOD(S): Participants (N=131; mean age 22.11 years, 64.12% female) from a larger study of cannabis and alcohol co-use completed daily surveys over 21 days assessing knowledge of the cannabinoid concentrations of cannabis used, forms of cannabis used, motives for cannabis use (medicinal, nonmedicinal, both), and substance-related consequences. RESULT(S): On average, participants reported at least some knowledge of the THC and CBD concentrations of their cannabis on a respective 48% and 32% of their cannabis days. Generalized linear mixed models revealed that participants with a greater propensity to use non-flower (relative to flower) cannabis products and to report medicinal (relative to exclusively non-medicinal) motives for cannabis use reported greater cannabinoid concentration knowledge overall across days, controlling for sociodemographic factors and level of cannabis involvement. Participants with greater overall cannabinoid concentration knowledge reported positive substance-related consequences more often. In addition, participants were more likely to report negative substance-related consequences on days during which cannabinoid concentrations were known versus unknown. CONCLUSION(S): Findings suggest that cannabinoid concentration knowledge may be higher among young adults who report primarily non-flower and medicinally-motivated cannabis use, although cannabinoid concentration knowledge, alone, may not protect against negative substance-related consequences at the day level.

Cannabidiol Mediates In Vitro Attenuation of Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses in Psoriatic Disease

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: Tsiogkas S.G.,Apostolopoulou K.,Papagianni E.D.,Mavropoulos A.,Dardiotis E.,Zafiriou E.,Bogdanos D.P.

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Journal Title: Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research

Article Title: Cannabidiol Mediates In Vitro Attenuation of Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses in Psoriatic Disease

Year: 2024

Issue: 1

Volume: 9

Abstract: Background: Cannabidiol (CBD), a substance that belongs to the phytocannabinoids, appears to exert antioxidant, neuroprotective, antipsychotic, anticonvulsant, and anticancer properties. Recent evidence supports the immunoregulatory effect of CBD on autoimmune and/or inflammatory disease. Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease. The main immune cell population involved in the pathogenesis of the disease is the interleukin- (IL-) 17-producing T helper (Th) 17 subset. Other subpopulations, such as interferon-c (IFNc) -producing Th1 and T cytotoxic (Tc) 1, IL-17-producing Tc17, as well as natural killer (NK) and natural killer T cells (NKT) have been implicated in psoriasis development. Purpose(s): The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of CBD on the aforementioned subpopulations isolated from patients with psoriasis using flow cytometry. Method(s): Cells were stimulated in the presence or absence of CBD, stained and examined using surface and intracellular markers. Result(s): CBD decreased IL-17 production within the CD3, Th, and NKT cell compartments and IFNc production within the CD3 compartment in cells isolated from patients with psoriasis. Interestingly, CBD supplementation did not inhibit production of proinflammatory cytokines in cells isolated from healthy individuals. On the contrary, IFNc-producing Th, Tc, and NK cells increased after CBD supplementation. Conclusion(s): CBD provides anti-inflammatory effects in T cells isolated from patients with psoriasis. Our results could be the impetus for future investigations regarding the immunomodulatory properties of CBD and its utilization for development of CBD-containing antipsoriatic agents. Copyright © 2024 Mary Ann Liebert Inc.. All rights reserved.

One-pot green synthesis, study of fluorescence properties, and biological activity of pyrano[3,2-c]chromenes derivatives via mesoporous materials MgO/SBA-15

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: Chelihi A.,Hassaine R.,Nachat S.,Benabdallah M.,Bendahou K.,Aissaoui M.,Saidj M.,Djafri A.,Boukenna L.,Bouchama A.,Choukchou-Braham N.,Taibi N.

Database Source: Embase Weekly Updates

Journal Title: Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry,Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry

Article Title: One-pot green synthesis, study of fluorescence properties, and biological activity of pyrano[3,2-c]chromenes derivatives via mesoporous materials MgO/SBA-15

Year: 2024

Issue: 3

Volume: 61

Abstract: This current work describes the preparation of MgO-SBA-15 catalysts by ultrasonic method, and it is characterized by the different analysis techniques of XRD, BET, SEM, and IRTF. In order to find out an application for this mesoporous material, MgO/SBA-15 was used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the one-pot synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c]chromenes derivatives isolated at room temperature reaction according to green chemistry criteria. To enhance these derivatives, a spectroscopic study of molecular fluorescence properties was carried out as well as an identification analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance and FTIR was used. Furthermore, biological activity experiment is also carried out, from where the obtained test results were satisfactory for AC09, AC05, and AC10 compounds and they are checked after computation by molecular modeling. Copyright © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Examining Science and Media Literacy Health Communication Messages to Reduce Intentions to Use Cannabis While Pregnant

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: Willoughby J.F.,Hust S.J.T.,Couto L.,Kang S.,Pingel B.,Li J.,Austin B.W.,Brooks O.,Burduli E.,Barbosa-Leiker C.

Database Source: Embase Weekly Updates

Journal Title: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors,Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

Article Title: Examining Science and Media Literacy Health Communication Messages to Reduce Intentions to Use Cannabis While Pregnant

Year: 2023

Issue: 6

Volume: 37

Abstract: Objective: Although use of cannabis during pregnancy can be detrimental to the fetus, use of cannabis during pregnancy has increased. Pregnant people are often exposed to incorrect information about cannabis use during pregnancy online and have expressed a desire for additional information about the effects of using cannabis while pregnant. We wanted to design and test a brief intervention promoting media literacy and science literacy and assess whether exposure would reduce intentions to use cannabis during pregnancy. Method(s): We created two sets of messages, one with a focus on increasing media literacy and another on increasing science literacy. Messages were either presented in a narrative/story or nonnarrative formats. Participants who identified as female, aged 18-40, were recruited online via a Qualtrics panel to participate in the online experiment.We used multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) to model the relationships across message groups. Result(s): Results suggested that increased awareness about potential harms of Tetrahydrocannabinol to the fetus was associatedwith intentions to reduce cannabis use while pregnant in the science literacy conditions for both message types (science narrative b =.389, p =.003; science nonnarrative b =.410, p <=.001). Increased media literacy for source was associated with intentions to reduce cannabis use during pregnancy in the media literacy nonnarrative group (b =.319, p =.021) but was not significant for the media literacy narrative condition. Conclusion(s): Messages focused on both media literacy and science literacy may be of value to pregnant people who use cannabis, with science literacy likely having a more direct effect. Copyright © 2023 American Psychological Association

Risk and Protective Factors of Social Networks on Alcohol, Cannabis, and Opioid Use Among Urban American Indian/Alaska Native Emerging Adults

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: D'Amico E.J.,Kennedy D.P.,Malika N.,Klein D.J.,Brown R.A.,Rodriguez A.,Johnson C.L.,Schweigman K.,Arvizu-Sanchez V.,Etz K.,Dickerson D.L.

Database Source: Embase Weekly Updates

Journal Title: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors,Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

Article Title: Risk and Protective Factors of Social Networks on Alcohol, Cannabis, and Opioid Use Among Urban American Indian/Alaska Native Emerging Adults

Year: 2023

Issue: 5

Volume: 37

Abstract: Objectives: Assess associations between social networks and urban American Indian/Alaska Native emerging adults' alcohol, cannabis, and opioid use and intentions. Method(s): American Indian/Alaska Native participants ages 18-25 (N = 150; 86% female) were recruited across the United States from 12/20 to 10/21 via social media. Participants named up to 15 people whom they talked with most over the past 3 months and reported who (a) used alcohol and cannabis heavily or used other drugs (e.g., opioid use), (b) engaged in traditional practices, and (c) provided support. They also reported past 3-month alcohol, cannabis, and opioid use and intentions to use. Result(s): Having a higher proportion of network members engaging in regular cannabis and heavy alcohol use (but not other drugs) was associated with more frequent cannabis use and stronger cannabis use intentions. Participants with higher proportions of members engaging in heavy alcohol use, regular cannabis use, or other drug use and who did not engage in traditional practices were more likely to report cannabis use and greater intentions to use cannabis and drink alcohol. In contrast, participants with higher proportions of network members engaging in traditional practices and who did not report heavy alcohol use, regular cannabis use, or other drug use were less likely to report intentions to use cannabis or drink alcohol. Conclusion(s): Findings emphasize what many studies have shown among various racial/ethnic groups-having network members who use substances increases the chance of use. Findings also highlight that traditional practices may be an important part of the prevention approach for this population. Copyright © 2023 American Psychological Association

Synthesis and substrate-controlled modification of beta-aminocarbonyl using alpha-amylase enzyme and Pd-catalyst in one-pot

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 08:27:52 +0000

Author Names: Dutt S.,Tyagi V.

Database Source: Embase Weekly Updates

Journal Title: Biocatalysis and Biotransformation,Biocatalysis and Biotransformation

Article Title: Synthesis and substrate-controlled modification of beta-aminocarbonyl using alpha-amylase enzyme and Pd-catalyst in one-pot

Year: 2024

Issue: 2

Volume: 42

Abstract: The area of combining an enzyme and transition metals to catalyse the sequence of reactions in one-pot which improve total conversion and operational stability has seen tremendous growth in recent years. Herein, we describe the synthesis and substrate controlled modification of beta-aminocarbonyl using alpha-amylase enzyme and Pd-based catalyst in the one-pot. Moreover, the chemo-enzymatic approach provides substituted indole derivatives unprecedentedly when isocyanide was used in the reaction. In the second phase, isocyanide was replaced by phenyl boronic acid which in turn provides the substituted amino biaryls in good yield. Next, the feasibility of one-pot chemo-enzymatic approach was proved by employing substituted 2-bromo aniline along with different isocyanide/phenyl boronic acid and obtained the corresponding products in 56-84% isolated yield. Copyright © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.